This presentation will help students understand the origin of colour in transition element complexes. It will also teach them how to score full marks on CAPE Unit 1 chemistry questions related to the topic.
d-block elements are those in which the valence electrons enters the d orbital. d- block elements are also called transition elements. Transition elements have partially filled d orbitals.
How To Determine The Colour Of Transition Metal ComplexesDenison Dwarkah
Many times students ask the question as to how do we figure out what colour a complex will be. This is a basic starting point and applies to the CAPE Chemistry Syllabus, Module 3 Section 5.
Explanation of what the term 'metathesis' means. This is relevant to CAPE Chemistry Unit 2 Module 2 Syllabus Subsection 3. Precipitation gravimetry makes use of this type of reaction.
d-block elements are those in which the valence electrons enters the d orbital. d- block elements are also called transition elements. Transition elements have partially filled d orbitals.
How To Determine The Colour Of Transition Metal ComplexesDenison Dwarkah
Many times students ask the question as to how do we figure out what colour a complex will be. This is a basic starting point and applies to the CAPE Chemistry Syllabus, Module 3 Section 5.
Explanation of what the term 'metathesis' means. This is relevant to CAPE Chemistry Unit 2 Module 2 Syllabus Subsection 3. Precipitation gravimetry makes use of this type of reaction.
A very basic look at the dative covalent bond. It is normally met at CAPE, but recently has been introduced to students in form three. It is that form three occurrence which really prompted this piece of work
Free Radical Substitution Of Propane - An Unanswerable CAPE Chemistry Questi...Denison Dwarkah
This presentation addresses the method used to calculate relative amounts of monosubstituted products as a result of free radical substitution involving alkanes and chlorine at RTP in the presence of sunlight/uv light.
It also deals with a CAPE Unit 2 Chemistry multiple choice question on the topic where students were given no correct option to choose.
Cis-Trans Isomerism In Organic Compounds For CAPE Unit 2 Chemistry StudentsDenison Dwarkah
Explains the basics of what cis-trans isomerism is, and how to spot it in organic compounds. A useful presentation for someone who is just starting CAPE unit 2 chemistry.
Cape unit 2 chemistry reactions of halogenoalkanes cram sheetDenison Dwarkah
Everything you'll ever need to know to answer any CAPE chemistry question on halogenoalkanes.
Print double sided for one sheet that will solve all your problems.
Ideal for a five minute revision session just before the exam, or for a first time student wanting to know what's really important in this section of the syllabus.
Comparison Of Ease Of Chlorination - Benzene, Methylbenzene And NitrobenzeneDenison Dwarkah
An easy to follow explanation of the relative ease of reactivity of benzene, methylbenzene and nitrobenzene which can be used to answer more than one CAPE Unit 2 chemistry question, including one from the 2013 exam paper.
Truth About Alcohol Oxidation - CAPE Unit 2 Chemistry Module 1Denison Dwarkah
Secondary alcohols can be oxidized past ketones and tertiary alcohols can be oxidized. We talked about this in the last CAPE Unit 2 Chemistry class. Here are the full details
Cape Unit 2 Module 3 Aluminium Extraction Cram SheetDenison Dwarkah
Everything you need to know for CAPE Unit 2 Module 3 on the chemistry of aluminium extraction. It will allow you to answer any past paper question on this topic. The physical properties of aluminium were left out since you can easily find those yourself.
Phthalocyanine forms complexes with numerous metals of the Periodic Table. A large number of complexes with various elements are known. Metal phthalocyanine and compounds with metalloids such as B, Si, Ge, and As or nonmetals such as a wide variety in their coordination chemistry.
In this research, we propose a novel recommendation for improving CCT-D and lumen output (LO) of the 6600K in-cup packaging white LEDs (ICP-WLEDs) by varying its particle concentration. By using Light Tools and Mat lab software based on the Mie Theory, we derive the influence of the red phosphor particle’s concentration on the D-CCT and LO. The results show that the CCT-D are significantly affected when the concentration of the red phosphor varying from 0% to 1.8%. The CCT-D decreases from 4000K to 2200K and LO increases from 800 lm to 1300 lm.
This paper presents a Dye sensitized solar cell (DYSSC), which is called as future generation solar cell. It is a
new class of green photovoltaic cell based on photosynthesis principle in nature. DYSSCs are fabricated using
two different natural dyes as sensitizers, which extracted from the materials existing in nature and our life, such
as flowers, leaves, fruits, traditional Chinese medicines, and beverages. The use of sensitizers having a broad
absorption band in conjunction with oxide films of nanocrystalline morphology permits to harvest a large
fraction of sunlight. There are good prospects to produce these cells at lower cost and much better efficiency
than conventional semiconductor devices by introducing various chemical and natural dyes. DYSSC are
implemented with simple and new technique to overcome the energy crisis and excess cost of semiconductor
solar cells.
Properties of coordination compounds part 1 (2018)Chris Sonntag
Using the crystal field theory, different properties of transition metal compounds can be explained, such as Ionic radii, hydration and lattice energies and spinel types
Bathochromic shift in photo-absorption spectra of organic dye sensitizers thr...Narges Mohamadi
Contributed Talks at Australian Institute of Physics 20th National Congress (under the theme of Energy, Energy Materials and Energy Systems), December 2012, Sydney
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
3. Origin Of Colour
Thi i l i d b th C t l Fi ld ThThis is explained by the Crystal Field Theory
and the Ligand Field Theory.
These theories regard the complex (ion) as an
agglomeration of a central ion surrounded byagglomeration of a central ion surrounded by
other ions or molecules with electrical fields.
3Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
4. Origin Of Colour
Th l t i l fi ld f th t l i ill ff tThe electrical field of the central ion will affect
the surrounding ligands, whilst the combined
field of the ligands will influence the
arrangement of electrons in the central ion.g
4Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
5. Origin Of Colour
Th litti f th fi d bit l f thThe splitting of the five d orbitals of the
central ion into two groups is one of the
fundamental ideas. In a free ion, as in the Fe3+
ion, the five d orbitals are degenerate, i.e. g
energetically alike.
5Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
7. Origin Of Colour
The two groups consist of three orbitals (the g p (
t2g group) and of two orbitals (the eg group).
The extent and nature of the difference in
energy between the two groups depends onenergy between the two groups depends on
the field strength of the ligands and on their
geometrical arrangement around the central
ion.
7Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
10. Origin Of Colour
The pale blue hydrated copper(II) ion changes p y pp ( ) g
to dark blue in the presence of ammonia and
to green if sufficient chloride ions are added;to green if sufficient chloride ions are added;
copper(II) chloride solution is therefore either
blue or green depending upon the relativeblue or green, depending upon the relative
concentrations of water molecules and
chloride ions.
10Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
13. Origin Of Colour
Si th fi t 3d bit lSince the five separate 3d orbitals are
orientated differently in space an electron (or
electrons) which is close to a ligand will be
repelled and hence the energy of such orbitals p gy
will be raised relative to the others.
13Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
14. Origin Of Colour
Th d f th 3d l l i th fThe degeneracy of the 3d levels is therefore
destroyed; this is represented pictorially, for
the copper(II) ion, in the following diagram.
14Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
16. Origin Of Colour
The above orbital diagram depicts the coloursThe above orbital diagram depicts the colours
absorbed in the excitation of the d electron to
the higher level
16
the higher level.
Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
17. Origin Of Colour
Si th d f litti f th 3d l lSince the degree of splitting of the 3d levels
depends upon the particular ligands
themselves, the variation in colour of ions of a
particular transition metal is explained.p p
17Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
19. Origin Of Colour
Ab ti t h th l thAbsorption spectra show the wavelengths
absorbed by a given metal ion with
different ligands and by different metal ions
with the same ligand. From suchg
data, we relate the energy of the absorbed
light to the Δ values, and two importantlight to the Δ values, and two important
observations emerge:
19Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
20. Origin Of Colour
1. For a given ligand, the colour depends
th id ti t t f th t l ion the oxidation state of the metal ion.
A solution of [V(H2O)6]2+ ion is violet, and
a solution of [V(H2O)6]3+ ion is yellow.
Solutions of [V(H2O)6]2+ (left) and[V(H2O)6]3+ (right) ions have different colours.
20
2 6 2 6
Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
21. Origin Of Colour
2. For a given metal ion, the colour
d d th li d E i ldepends on the ligand. Even a single
ligand substitution can have a major
effect on the wavelengths absorbed and,
thus, the colour, as you can see for two y
Cr3+ complex ions below.
A change in even a single ligand can influence the colour. The [Cr(NH3)6]3+ ion is yellow‐
21
3 6
orange (left); the [Cr(NH3)5CI]2+ ion is purple (right).
Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
28. Main Points For Answering A CAPE Question
1 If the ion has partially filled d orbitals it1. If the ion has partially filled d orbitals, it
will be coloured. Sc3+ and Ti4+ have d0
structures and Cu+ and Zn2+ have d10 andstructures, and Cu+ and Zn2+ have d10 and
so are not coloured.
28Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
29. Main Points For Answering A CAPE Question
2 d orbitals point in different directions in2. d orbitals point in different directions in
space, and so interact to different extents
with the electrons in the ligandswith the electrons in the ligands.
29Compiled by Denison at Global in Cunupia. 739-2656.
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
34. END
Found this helpful?
If so, follow me on facebook for more:
http://www.facebook.com/CAPEChemistryLessons
Compiled By Denison At Global In Cunupia. 739-2656.