This document discusses coordination compounds and their properties. It explains that coordination compounds often have distinct colors and can produce different numbers of ions in solution. Werner proposed a theory to represent the structures of coordination compounds using brackets. Coordination compounds have defined geometries depending on the coordination number of the central metal atom. They can also form various isomers based on ligand arrangement or stereochemistry. Common applications of coordination compounds include water softening, metal purification, and medical chelation therapy.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
Physics investigatory project for class 12 on the topic " to estimate charge induced on two styro foam / pith balls separated by a distance "
Just change the name and cover page.
Coordination compounds (12th Maharashtra state board)Freya Cardozo
As per revised textbook 2019-2020. Ligands, Werners theory, Valence bond theory, Crystal field splitting theory, Application of coordination compounds, IUPAC
Nature of coordination compounds, coordination sphere, coordination number, oxidation state of central metal atom, lewis acids, types of ligands, types of complex(cationic and anionic), Valance bond theory, crystal field theory, werner theory of coordination compounds, Nomenclature of coordination compounds.Eg and t2g ,CFSE, Degeneracy, Application of coordination compounds, Charge of the coordination sphere.
Spatial arrangements, inner and outer orbital complexes, low and high spin complex, spin pair and spin free complexes, isomerism, types of isomerism.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
3. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Werner’s Theory
Werner proposed putting all molecules and ions
within the sphere in brackets and those “free”
anions (that dissociate from the complex ion when
dissolved in water) outside the brackets.
4. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Werner’s Theory
• This approach correctly
predicts there would be two
forms of CoCl3 ∙ 4 NH3.
The formula would be written
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl.
One of the two forms has the two
chlorines next to each other.
The other has the chlorines
opposite each other.
5. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Coordination Number
• The most commonly
encountered numbers
are 4 and 6.
• Some metals, such as
chromium(III) and
cobalt(III), consistently
have the same
coordination number (6
in the case of these two
metals).
7. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Denticity of Ligands
• Some ligands have two
or more donor atoms.
• These are called
polydentate ligands or
chelating agents.
• In ethylene diamine ,
(NH2CH2CH2NH2 )
represented here as en,
each N is a donor atom.
• Therefore, en is called
bidentate.
9. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Nomenclature of Coordination
Compounds
• The basic protocol in coordination nomenclature
is to name the ligands attached to the metal as
prefixes before the metal name.
• Some common ligands and their names are
listed above.
10. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Nomenclature of Coordination
Compounds
• As is the case with ionic compounds, the name of
the cation appears first; the anion is named last.
• Ligands are listed alphabetically before the metal.
Prefixes denoting the number of a particular ligand
are ignored when alphabetizing.
11. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Nomenclature of Coordination
Compounds
• The names of anionic ligands end in “o”; the
endings of the names of neutral ligands are not
changed.
• Prefixes tell the number of a type of ligand in the
complex. If the name of the ligand itself has such
a prefix, alternatives like bis-, tris-, etc., are
used.for eg.
[Co(NH2CH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO4)3 is named as :
Tris(ethane-1,2-diammine)cobalt(III)sulphate
14. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Structural Isomers
• Some isomers differ in what ligands are
bonded to the metal and what is outside
the coordination sphere; these are
coordination-sphere isomers.
• Three isomers of CrCl3(H2O)6 are
The violet [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3,
The green [Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2 ∙ H2O, and
The (also) green [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]Cl ∙ 2 H2O.
15. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Stereoisomers
GEOMETRIC ISOMERS
• With these geometric
isomers, two chlorines
and two NH3 groups
are bonded to the
platinum metal, but are
clearly different.
cis-Isomers have like groups on the same side.
trans-Isomers have like groups on opposite sides.
16. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Stereoisomers
• Other stereoisomers, called optical isomers or
enantiomers, are mirror images of each other.
• Just as a right hand will not fit into a left glove,
two enantiomers cannot be superimposed on
each other.
17. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Valence bond theory
Coordination
number
Type of
hybridisation
Structure
4 sp3
tetrahedral
4 dsp2
Square planar
5 sp3
d Trigonal
bipyramidal
6 sp3
d2
(nd
orbitals are
involved –
outer orbitals
complex )
Octahedral
6 d2
sp3
((n-1) d
orbitals are
involved –inner
orbital )
octahedral
• According to this theory, the
metal atom or ion under the
influence of ligands can use
its (n-1)d, ns, np or ns, np,
nd orbitals for hybridisation
to yield a set of equivalent
orbitals of definite geometry
such as octahedral,
tetrahedral, and square
planar. These hybridised
orbitals are allowed to
overlap with ligand orbitals
that can donate electron
pairs for bonding
18. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Crystal Field Theory
• Created to explain why transition metal ions in complexes
(having unfilled d-shells) are not necessarily paramagnetic.
• With coordination bonding, valence d-orbitals are not truly
degenerate. Instead, they “split”.
Some are lower in energy (more stable) and some higher.
19. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Crystal field theory
• The gap between the higher and lower energy levels
is called the crystal-field splitting energy, which varies
with each ligand, yielding different E, (different λ,
different colors).
• e- in an “unfilled” d-shell can actually be all paired
(i.e., diamagnetic).
Ex: Co3+
(has 6 d e-)
20. Chemistry of
Coordination
Compounds
Applications of coordination
compounds
Coordination compounds are used for many
applications :
• Extraction processes of gold and silver.
• Used as catalysts in many industrial processes.
• Hardness of water (EDTA).
• Purifications of metals.
• Chelate therapy (removal of toxic proportion of
metals in the body).
• EDTA is used in treatment of lead poisoning.
• Platinum compounds inhibits the growth of tumors.