This document provides an overview of Transactional Analysis, a model developed by Dr. Eric Berne in the 1960s to explain human behavior and interactions. It describes the three ego states of parent, adult, and child that people operate from. Transactions can be complementary when people engage from compatible ego states, non-complementary when inappropriate states are activated, or ulterior with hidden meanings. Life positions reflect basic beliefs about the self and others. The document also discusses stroking, gaming, and reasons why people play games in interactions.

1. TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS

2. TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
• Founded by Dr. Eric Berne in 1960’s
• A model for explaining why and how:
• People think like they do
• People act like they do
• People interact/communicate with others

3. TYPES OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
TRANSACTIONS
Complementary
Non-Complementary
Ulterior

4. COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTIONS
• Both persons are operating from the same ego state (child: child) or
from complementary ego states (parent: child or adult: parent).
• Communication lines from one ego state to another lines are parallel.
• Smooth type of interaction

5. EXAMPLE

6. EXAMPLE-2
P : You’re late again!
C : I’m sorry. It won’t
happen again.

7. NON-COMPLEMENTARY
• An inappropriate ego state is activated, producing an unexpected
response.
• Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate or expected
from another person.
• Communication breakdown i.e., the managers tries to deal with the
employee on an adult-to-adult basis but the employee responds in child-to-
parent basis and communication is blocked.

8. EXAMPLE

9. ULTERIOR TRANSACTIONS
• Double meaning interactions i.e., Where the communication has a clear
adult message, whereas it carries a hidden message on a psychological
level.
• Here, Only one ego state controls the body; but another ego state is
operating in the background

10. EXAMPLE
Social level
Psychological level
You are wearing a nice shirt Thanks. Its LEVIS
e.g. :2
A:”I need you to stay late at the Office with
me “(adult words)
body language indicates sexual intent
(flirtatious child)
e.g.:1

11. LIFE POSITIONS
Life positions are basic beliefs
about self and others, which
are used to justify decisions
and behaviour

12. “I’m OK, you’re OK” people are in the ‘get on with’ positions. They’re confident and happy
About life and work and interact by collaboration and mutual respect, even when they disagree.
e.g.: “Hey, we are making good progress now”
“I’m OK, you’re not OK”- people are in the ‘get rid of’ position. who project their problems onto others
and blame them, put them down, and criticize them. Problem may be Lack trust, confidence, talent.
e.g.: “You’re not doing that right – let me show you”
“I’m not OK, you’re OK” is the ‘get away from’ position. These people feel sad, inadequate by
comparison. They under value their skills and contribution and with draw from problem.
e.g.: “I wish I could do that as well as you do”
“I'm not OK, you’re not OK” is the ‘get nowhere’ position. These people feel confused or aimless. They
Don’t see the point of doing anything and usually don’t bother.
e.g.: “Oh this is terrible – we’ll not make it.”

13. STROKING
• A stroke is an act or unit of recognition, when one person recognizes another
person
either verbally or non verbally
• People seeks recognition in the interaction with other.
Types
• Positive – which makes one feel OK.
• E.g.: words of recognition, affection pat etc.
• Negative – which makes persons feels not OK
• E.g.: criticism ,scolding etc.
E.g.: if you are walking in front of your house and you see your neighbor, you will likely
smile and say ‘Hi.’ your neighbor will likely say “hello” back.

14. GAMING
• Berne felt that people in the life position “I’m not OK, You’re OK” or “I’m not
OK, You’re not OK” were people with low self esteem.
• He felt that these people find it hard to interact with people in a
straightforward way so they play ‘games’.
• Game is an interaction with a hidden motive where one of the participants is
gaining something
• Here we adopt a child state because you want someone’s help or a Parent
state to make them do something for you.

15. WHY DO WE PLAY GAMES
• To get strokes.
• To strengthen psychological position.
• To avoid or control intimacy