This slide corresponds with Wrench, McCroskey, and Richmond's (2008) Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications published by Allyn and Bacon.

3. Albert Mehrabian Elements In Conveying a Message

4. Functions of Nonverbal Messages

5. Accenting Nonverbal messages that highlight, stress, or enhance the verbal message. Example: Raising your voice to make a dramatic point.

6. Complementing Nonverbal function of adding to, clarifying, enriching, emphasizing, or supplementing a verbal message. Example: Telling someone you love them while holding them.

7. Contradicting Use of nonverbal messages that are opposite to verbal messages. Example: Saying you like someone while rolling your eyes.

8. Repeating Nonverbal messages that restate, reinforce, duplicate, or reiterate the verbal message. Example: Saying “stop” while holding your hand out in a stop indicator.

9. Regulating Nonverbal messages that allow us to control, monitor, coordinate, and manage verbal communication. Example: Looking at your watch repeatedly as an indication that a conversation needs to end.

10. Substituting Nonverbal message that can be used instead of a verbal message. Example: Instead of saying hello, you just wave at someone.

11. Kinesics The study of the communicative aspects of gestures and bodily movements.

12. Emblems Gestures and movements that have a direct verbal translation. Emblems are known by most or all of a group, class, culture, or subculture. They can be used to stimulate specific meanings in the minds of others in place of verbal communication.

13. Illustrators Gestures and movements that are closely linked with spoken language and help to illustrate what is being said.

14. Regulators Gestures and movements that, along with eye and vocal cues, maintain and regulate the back‑and‑forth interaction between speakers and listeners during spoken dialogue.

15. Affect Displays Cues that involve primarily facial expressions but also include a persons posture, gait, limb movements, and other behaviors that provide information about her or his emotional state or mood.

16. Adaptors Unintentional behaviors that are usually responses to boredom or stress or responses closely linked with negative feelings toward ourselves or others.

17. Courtship Readiness Cues Nonverbal behaviors that are exhibited in the courtship situation (3 types).

18. Positional Cues How we arrange our bodies either to adapt to or to reject others. Open vs. Closed body orientation

19. Preening Behavior Such actions as stroking the hair, fixing the collar on a dress or shirt, touching up one's makeup, and adjusting clothing such as socks and ties.

20. Actions of appeal or invitation Flirtatious glances, batting one's eyelashes, seductive body movements, flexing the muscles, and thrusting out the chest.

32. Five Functions of Haptics (touch)

33. Functional-Professional Touch Impersonal, businesslike touch used to accomplish or perform some task or service.

34. Social-Polite Touch Affirms or acknowledges the other person’s identity. This type of touch follows strict cultural codes.

35. Friendship-Warmth Touch Lets another person know that we care for, value, and have an interest in her or him.

36. Love-Intimacy Touch Touch that expresses emotional and affective attachment and caring. It is usually a hug, caress, or stroke.

37. Sexual Arousal Touch Touch that can be a part of love‑intimacy, but it can also be distinct. Sexual‑arousal touch can include the use of a person as an object of attraction or lust, or even monetary gain.

41. Chronemics The Study of Time

43. Types of Time

44. Technical Time Refers to precise, scientific measurements of time. It has the least correlation with interpersonal communication. The Directorate of Time

45. Formal Time The way in which a culture keeps track of time. Myan Calendar Sun Dial Clock

46. Informal Time The most difficult cultural time orientation to understand and learn; it varies greatly from culture to culture. It is the casual time employed by a culture. It is often unconscious and determined by the situation or context in which it is used.

50. Immediacy The degree of perceived physical or psychologi­cal distance between people in a relationship.

55. Intimacy The perceived depth of a relationship between people.

56. Self-Disclosure Messages that reveal information that is private and personal to another.

57. Social Penetration Theory Breadth Depth As relationships become more intimate, self disclosure goes from breadth to depth.