Provides a new conceptualization of managerial discipline. It identifies four managerial studies: management, administration, entrepreneurship, and stewardship. Its implication to academic degree in management is also offered.

1. Towards a New Conceptualization
of Managerial Discipline
Togar M. Simatupang
School of Business and Management
Bandung Institute of Technology
19 December 2011
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2. Objectives
• Understand what managerial discipline is and
identify its characteristics.
• Identify the Body of Knowledge (BOK) of
managerial discipline.
• Explain the four basic forms of managerial
studies: management, administration,
entrepreneurship, and stewardship.
• Describe the use of managerial studies typology
in the nomenclature of academic degree
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3. Overview
• What is management?
• What is managerial discipline?
• BOK of managerial discipline
• Clustering managerial discipline into
managerial studies
• Proposed nomenclature of academic degree in
managerial discipline
• Conclusion
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4. What is management?
• Management in all business and organizational activities is the act
of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and
objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
• Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or
directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more
people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
• Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of
human resources, financial resources, technological resources and
natural resources.
• Since organizations can be viewed as systems, management can
also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the
production of useful outcomes from a system.
• This view opens the opportunity to 'manage' oneself, a pre-
requisite to attempting to manage others.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management
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5. What is management?
Management is the act of coordinating
decision making and technical processes in a
social system including human and
institutional behavior and its relations to
external parties to accomplish desired goals
and objectives of an organization in the most
efficient and effective manner.
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6. What is Managerial Discipline?
• Managerial discipline is a set of theories, models,
practices, the body and knowledge, and the social
practice (experience) of management.
• Managerial discipline is both art and science.
• Managerial art is the experience and history of
management in real life situations.
• Managerial science is part of social science and
concerned with development, design,
improvement, evaluation, and estimation of
managerial paradigm, theory, system, and model
of an organization based on scientific approach.
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7. Managerial Discipline
experience and
consulting practice
Managers: Managerial
getting things RESULTS
done
ART imitation,
experimentation, search for better
Methods and innovation performance
Managerial
Discipline
Theories testing, search for better
experimentation, explanations
Scholars: and invention
Managerial
developing and RIGORS
testing ideas SCIENCE
Education and
research practice
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8. Dewey Classification:
Class 600s (Technology)
610 Medicine
620 Engineering
630 Agriculture
640 Home Economics
650 Management
660 Chemical Engineering
670 Manufacturing
680 Manufacturing for Specific Uses
690 Buildings
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9. The Body of Knowledge of Management:
the entire managerial field
Strategy & Business
Economics
Performance, Quality, Leadership, Culture, Ethics
People & Operations & Marketing & Finance &
Organization Logistics Sales Accounting
Decision Making & Negotiation
Entrepreneurship and Technology (R&D)
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10. Duality of Managerial Responsibility (1)
Management in an
organization
Enterprise Lifecycle
Performance Performance
Responsibility Responsibility
Management Lifecycle Enterprise
System System
Value Added (better New venture (new
profit) to the economy enterprise) to the economy
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11. Duality of Managerial Responsibility (2)
Rejuvenate?
PERFORMANCE
Responsibility for
Current Performance
You are
here!
Responsibility for
Lifecycle Performance
TIME
11

12. Clustering Managerial Discipline
• Offering a framework for generating scientific
research and its application in the area of
managerial discipline, not only to optimize the
performance of the enterprise at a given time but
also at every stage of its life cycle activities.
• Identifying the types of Managerial Studies
– Two underlying dimensions of Managerial Discipline
• Interpreting Types of Managerial Studies
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13. Two Underlying Dimensions of
Managerial Discipline
• Mission orientation determines duality of mission
achievement of an enterprise either to attain
enterprise performance or lifecycle performance
– Enterprise Performance
– Lifecycle Performance
• Managerial focus determines the degree to which
an enterprise formulating and structuring the
tasks and goals.
– Externally Deliberate
– Internally Regulate
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14. Four Types of Managerial Studies
(Simatupang, 2011)
Deliberate
Management Entrepreneurship
Managerial Focus
Regulate
Administration Stewardship
Enterprise Lifecycle
Performance Performance
Mission Orientation
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15. Types of Managerial Studies
• Management: • Entrepreneurship:
– A focus on enterprise performance – A focus on lifecycle performance
and external deliberation and external deliberation
– Starts from an existing concept and – Starts from a unique idea and
strategic planning orientation for the future
– Ensures performance achievement – Ensures performance adaptability
– Provides answers and solutions to – Provides answers and solutions to
managerial problems developmental problems
• Administration: • Stewardship:
– A focus on enterprise performance – A focus on lifecycle performance
and internal regulation and internal regulation
– Dedication to apply good corporate – Willingness and dedication to help
governance and accountability people and the community
– Ensures consistency – Ensures sustainability
– Provides answers and solutions to – Provides answers and solutions to
administrative problems sustainable problems
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16. Competencies of Managerial Studies
• Management
– Strategic planning and optimization
– Strong commitment to improve enterprise performance
– Enterprise system innovation
• Administration
– Sense of good governance and accountability
– Lives revolve around procedures and process
– Procedure and knowledge innovation
• Entrepreneurship
– Sense and response to opportunity
– Autonomy, flexibility, and creativity
– Business model innovation
• Stewardship
– Friendship, commitment, focus on performance, high energy
– Intense and determined to achieve equality and sustainability
– Eco- and social innovation
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17. Management versus Administration
• “Management” is widely used in Britain, Europe,
and Africa, for example, while “administration” is
preferred in the United States, Canada, and
Australia.
• Managing is maintaining efficiently and
effectively current organizational arrangements
and present operations.
• Administration is the primary function of
ensuring good governance and accountability
based on a formal framework of authority that is
carefully outlined and precisely followed.
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18. Managerial Education
• Managerial education is simply the provision of managerial education in
universities and other comparable institutions.
• Managerial education is a field of study and practice concerned with the
operation of teaching, learning, and training of participants who wish to
acquire the research and analytical skills of the scientific community in
managerial discipline.
• The purpose is to build managers and entrepreneurs of analytical
reasoning and scholars of high intellect that create value.
• Managerial educations provides a solid methodological basis and the
ability to design and implement research projects in managerial discipline.
• Managerial education both contributes to:
– the development of effective managers (i.e., management education),
– the economic performance of a country (i.e., entrepreneurship
education).
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19. The Principles for Responsible
Managerial Education (1)
• Principle 1
Purpose: We will develop the capabilities of students to be future
generators of sustainable value for business and society at large
and to work for an inclusive and sustainable global economy.
• Principle 2
Values: We will incorporate into our academic activities and
curricula the values of global social responsibility as portrayed in
international initiatives such as the United Nations Global
Compact.
• Principle 3
Method: We will create educational frameworks, materials,
processes and environments that enable effective learning
experiences for responsible leadership.
Source: The UN Global Compact (July 2007) at http://www.unprme.org/resource-docs/PRME.pdf
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20. The Principles for Responsible
Managerial Education (2)
• Principle 4
Research: We will engage in conceptual and empirical research that advances our
understanding about the role, dynamics, and impact of corporations in the
creation of sustainable social, environmental and economic value.
• Principle 5
Partnership: We will interact with managers of business corporations to extend
our knowledge of their challenges in meeting social and environmental
responsibilities and to explore jointly effective approaches to meeting these
challenges.
• Principle 6
Dialogue: We will facilitate and support dialogue and debate among educators,
business, government, consumers, media, civil society organizations and other
interested groups and stakeholders on critical issues related to global social
responsibility and sustainability.
Source: The UN Global Compact (July 2007) at http://www.unprme.org/resource-docs/PRME.pdf
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21. Distorted Face of Management
Education in Indonesia
Faculty of Social and
Faculty of Economics
“Management becomes
Political Science
Management Economics and “Management becomes Business
Economics reduces to Administration”
Development Economics”
Faculty of Psychology Faculty of Engineering
“Management becomes Human “Management becomes
Resources Management” Engineering Management (EM)
and Information Systems
Management (ISM)”
21

22. A new face of management
An independent academic discipline!
Source: http://www.cbe.wwu.edu/ceme/description.asp 22

23. A Proposal of Managerial Education in
Indonesia
VOCATIONAL ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL
Doctorate Degree
Doctor
Masterate Degree Advanced
Master Certification
Undergraduate
Diploma IV Bachelor Certification
Degree
Diploma I-III Basic
Certification
High School
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24. Proposed Nomenclature of Academic
Degree in Managerial Education
Doctor of
Management (Dr.)
Applied Master Degree
Master of Business Master of
Master of Science in Master of
Administration Entrepreneurship
Management (MSM) Management (MM)
(MBA) (M.Entr.)
Bachelor of Bachelor of Business Bachelor of
Management (BM) Administration (BBA) Business (B.Bus.)
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25. Conclusions
• This presentation aims to contribute to a better understanding of
managerial discipline.
• The analysis conducted reveals the underlying factors accounting
for the different classes of managerial studies: management,
administration, entrepreneurship, and stewardship.
• It is suggested that management becomes an academic discipline
built around several well-articulated theories, all designed to
address a single set of highly related scientific questions and
managerial problems.
• It is suggested that the nomenclature of managerial education in
Indonesia is developed based on the identified managerial studies
taxonomy.
• Further research is required to define and contrast a set of
knowledge and skills required in the four basic forms of managerial
studies.
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26. Thank You
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