The torque converter uses hydraulic principles to transmit power smoothly between a driving member and a driven member. It contains a pump, turbine, and adjustable guide vanes within a housing filled with hydraulic fluid. Mechanical energy from the motor is converted to hydraulic energy by the pump and back to mechanical energy by the turbine to drive the output shaft. Adjusting the guide vanes regulates the fluid flow and allows the torque converter to adapt the output speed and torque automatically based on the load.

1. TORQUE CONVERTER OPERATION
Presented By
Prem Baboo
Sr. Manager(Prod)
Plant’s & Equipment's Designer
National fertilizers Ltd. India,
An Experts for www.ureaknowhow.com
Fellow of Institution of Engineers, India

2. VOITH TORQUE CONVERTER
The hydrodynamic torque converter is provided for step less speed/torque
transmission.
TURBINE WHEEL
ADJUSTABKE GUIDE BLADES
PUMP IMPELLER
INPUT AND OUT PUT SHAFT
ADJUSTMENT MECHANISM
The heart of Voith’s hydrodynamic torque converter is its hydraulic circuit;
consisting of a pump, turbine, and a guide wheel with adjustable guide
vanes (see picture above right). This is combined in a common housing
filled with hydraulic oil. The mechanical energy of the motor is converted
into hydraulic energy through the pump wheel. In the turbine wheel the
same hydraulic energy is converted back into mechanical energy and
transmitted to the gas turbine / generator shaft. The

3. CONSTRUCTION DETAIL

4. adjustable vanes of the guide wheel
regulate the mass flow in the circuit. At
closed guide vanes (small mass flow) the
power transmission is at its minimum.
With the guide vanes completely open
(large mass flow), the power
transmission is at its max imum.
Commonly, a constant speed driver such
as an induction motor or a diesel engine
drives the pump wheel (input shaft of the
torque converter)

5. Because of the change in mass flow (due
to the adjustable guide vanes) the
turbine wheels’ speed is variable and can
be adjusted to match the various
operating points of the turbine. At low
speed, the turbine develops its highest
torque. With increasing turbine speed,
output torque decreases

6. The input shaft is connected with the pump
impeller. The output shaft is connected with the
turbine wheel. Both converter shaft are supported
by antifriction bearings. The input shafts are sealed
using shaft seal rings. The guide vane adjustable
mechanism is actuated via the control piston. In
this position, two servo pistons follow(hydraulic
follower control). The servo pistons are moved by
pressure oil supplied by the gear pump and
adjustable of the blades is made by the two piston
rods via the fork, the regulation ring and adjustable
leaver. By this control combination, the guide vanes
are moved to 0% or 100 % guide vane position
department on the converter operating state.

7. The pump impeller, the guide wheel and the
turbine wheel form the oil-filled circuit together
with the converter shell.
A gear pump is installed in the torque converter
which is driven directly and connected with the
input shaft.
The housing of torque converter supports the
internal parts controlling the oil supply and oil
discharge.
In addition the converter housing is used as oil
tank.

8. OPERATION- TORQUE CONVERTER
The hydrodynamic torque converter is provided for
steeples speed/torque transmission (multiplication)
between motor & driven machine. The pump impeller
absorbs the mechanical energy of driving machine(motor)
with the 3rd power of input speed(n3). The turbine wheel
converts the kinetic energy existing in the fluid mass back
to mechanical energy. The guide wheel absorb the
differential torque between pump impeller and turbine
wheel which results in a torque multiplication. The guide
vanes of the second guide wheel are adjustable and effect a
change of the flow direction. The inside diameter between
the guide vanes, relative to the value in the design point, is
provided as "relative guide vane position”(in %) to
describe the operating behavior.

9. Dependent on the guide vane position between 0%
and 100 %, a corresponding torque is transmitted
via the turbine wheel as a function of the output
speed. the pump impeller and the turbine wheel
rotate in the same direction. There is no mechanical
connection between the pump impeller, turbine
wheel and guide wheel. Torque transmission is load
independent, i.e. the torque produced in the turbine
wheel has its max. point during standstill of the
output shaft since reversal of fluid is maximum here,
and decreases with increasing speed. Thus the
torque converter adapts sleeplessly and
automatically to the resistance occurring

15. OIL CIRCUIT
The housing is provided as oil tank The same oil is used as
working oil, control oil, lube oil and cooling oil. The torque
converter is supplied with working oil by gear pump
installed inside.
WORKING OIL CIRCUIT
The gear pump supplies the working oil directly into the
working chamber of the torque converter. For heat
dissipation, a certain quantity of working oil flows from
the closed circuit of the working chamber through the
working oil orifice plate , the heat exchanger and the
bypass oil filter back to the torque converter. The
converter pressure in the flow to the working oil outlet
must be approx. 5 bar. The converter pressure is
determined as a function of working oil orifice plate bore.

16. CONTROL OIL
A gear pump pinion supplies the adjustment
mechanism with control oil. The oil pressure of this
circuit is provided by a pressure relief valve. The
control oil pressure is limited to 15 bar via the
pressure relief valve.
LUBE OIL CIRCUIT
All antifriction bearings are surrounded by the
torque converter working oil. A separate
lubrication of the bearings is not necessary
during operation of the converter.

17. GUIDE VANE ADJUSTMENT
The guide vane adjustment enables a continuous change of the
power transmission. This means that a speed adaptation is possible
for any drive of driven machine whereas the load dependency
remains unchanged.
PNEUMATIC LEVER ACTUATOR
The pneumatic actuator with lever acts on the servo piston via the
control piston. The control piston moves in the piston rod which
runs in the mechanically connected with the regulating ring. The
guide vanes are adjusted with existing control oil pressure. A pinion
on the gear pump supplies the servo unit with control oil through the
ducts in the control piston and the position of the piston rod to the
corresponding cylinder. The two servo cylinders are connected by oil
ducts in the housing. The control piston adjust the position of the
vanes guide wheel via the regulating ring until the servo piston is no
longer supplied with oil due to the position of the piston rod .

18. DESCRIPTION FREQUENCY OF
MAINTENANCE
Crankcase Inspection Two Year
MPI of Crankshaft / Connecting Rod Two Year
Main Bearing Replacement 40000 hrs.
Tandem Valves & it’s ‘O’ Rings Replacement
3000 hrs.
Torque Convertor Inspection Two year
Valve Block Inspection 3000 hrs
Gear Box High Speed Shaft Seal Inboard Two Year
Torque Converter Shaft Seal Outboard
Two Year

19. GUIDE VANES

20. INTERNAL GEAR PUMPS ATTACHED WITH
INPUT SHAFT

21. OUTPUT SHAFT

27. THANKING YOU
For any types of queries please write me
pbaboo@hotmail.com
Prem.baboo@nfl.co.in
Mob- +919425735974