The document discusses different network topologies. It defines topology as the physical or logical layout of a network. Physical topology refers to the actual layout of connected devices, while logical topology refers to the signal flow between devices. The main types of topologies covered are single node, bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid. Each has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like cable requirements, fault tolerance, ease of expansion, and cost.

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2. Topology
Presented By : Ravi Kumar
Roll No : JU-1112-0015

3. What is Topology ?
The topology defines the shape and structure
of a Local Area Network (LAN) or other
communications system.
Topologies are either physical or logical

4. Physical Topology
The physical layout of devices on a network, or the way that the
devices on a network are arranged and how they communicate
with each other.
The way that the workstations are connected to the network
through the actual cables that transmit data –the physical
structure of the network -- is called the physical topology.
Logical Topology
The logical topology, in contrast, is the way that the
signals act on the network media, or the way that the
data passes through the network from one device to the
next without regard to the physical interconnection of
the devices

5. Types Of Topologies
Different types of topologies are
• Single Node Topology
• Bus Topology
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Tree and Hybrid Topology

6. Single Node Topology
In a single node Topology, just a single
device called a dumb terminal is connected
to the server.

7. Advantages Of Single Node Topology are:
 Easy to Install , configure and manage
 Least expensive , as a ‘Dumb Terminal’ is the cheapest computer
 Single cable is required
Disadvantages Of Single Node Topology are:
 Only a single device is connected in the entire network
 Dumb Terminal is dependent on the server for resource

8. Bus Topology
Bus topology connects each device to a single
cable and at either end of the cable terminator
is used to remove unsent data from the cable

9. Advantages Of Bus Topology are:
 Easy to connect a device to linear bus
 Requires less cable
 Less expansive than other topologies
 Works better for smaller networks
Disadvantages Of Bus Topology are:
 Entire network gets affected if there is a break in the main cable
 Terminators are required at both end of the backbone cable
 Difficult to detect the faulty device
 Limited number of devices can be attached
 Heavy traffic and addition of devices degrades the performance
 Expansive than single node topology

10. Star Topology
In star topology , multiple devices are connected
to a central concentration point known as Hub or
Switch.

11. Advantages Of Star Topology are:
 Easy to install , configure and manage
 Easy to detect faulty device
 Easier to expand
 Connecting or removing device does not affects the network
 Hub provides a centralized management
Disadvantages Of Star Topology are:
Increased devices causes traffic which makes the network slow
Requires more cable length than a linear topology
Hub failure leads to network failure
More expensive

12. Ring Topology
In a ring topology , data travels around
the loop in one direction and passes
through each device.

13. Advantages Of Ring Topology are:
Easier to manage as compared to bus topology
Handles large volume of traffic
Very reliable and offers great speed
Provides a good communication over a long distance
No terminators are required
Disadvantages Of Ring Topology are:
More cable wires compared to bus topology are required
One faulty device affects the entire network
Addition and changes of devices can affects the network

14. Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology , every device is connected to
each and every node in the network with many
redundant interconnections and at least two
paths to and from every node.

15. Advantages Of Mesh Topology are:
 Provides redundant paths which help in sending data using an
alternate path if a specific path fails to send the data
 Entire network does not affected by one faulty device
 Centralized management is not required as in star topology
 Easy to detect the faulty device
Disadvantages Of Mesh Topology are:
More cabling is required as compared to bus, star and ring topologies
Each link from one device to another requires an individual NIC
Very expansive as compared to Bus ,Star and Ring topologies
Data carrying capacity is underutilized unless all devices
are transmitting almost constantly
Difficult to configure

16. Tree Topology
Tree topology connects multiple star networks
to other star networks using bus topology.

17. Advantages Of Ring Topology are:
Point-to-Point wiring for each device
Easy to detect a faulty device
Easy to expand a network
Disadvantages Of Ring Topology are:
More difficult to configure as compared to other topologies
Fault in the backbone affects the entire network
More expansive than other topologies
Overall length of each segment is limited by the
type of cabling used

18. Hybrid Topology
Hybrid topology is combination of
different topologies such as star-Bus
or Star-Ring

19. Advantages Of Hybrid Topology are:
 Useful for implementing larger networks
 Handles larger volume of traffic
 Easy to detect and remove faulty devices
Disadvantages Of Hybrid Topology are:
 More cabling is required as compared to all other topologies
 More expensive than all other topologies
 Complex structure
 MAU is required
 Installation and reconfiguration is difficult

20. Created By : Ravi Kumar