The document provides an overview of network topology, defining it as the arrangement of networking elements in a computer network and categorizing it into physical and logical topologies. Various types of topologies are discussed, including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid, along with their advantages and disadvantages. It concludes with factors to consider when choosing a topology, such as budget, hardware resources, and scalability.

2. Comsats University Islamabad
Presented to: SANA NASIR
Presented by: Ayesha Abbasi
Saba Batool

3. What is Network Topology
Network topology is the
arrangement of the
different networking
elements like network links,
computers, switches, nodes,
Wi-Fi access points, laptops
and other network devices
in a computer network.

4. Categories Of Network Topology
Network
Topology
Physical
Topology
Logical
Topology
A Logical topology defines the logical
connectivity of network devices on a
computer network. It shows the direction of
flow of data.
A Physical topology defines how all the
network devices are connected physically in
a computer network. It mostly defines the
physical connections among the devices.

5. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topology

6. Bus Topology:
In a network, when all the nodes are connected by a single physical cable and the
central cable becomes the backbone of the network then, it is called as a Bus topology.
• Simplest Topology
• Two Dimensional Data Flow
• Single Communication Channel
• Terminator at both Ends
• Scalability factor: smaller to medium

7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bus Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple And Easy To Use Difficult to Troubleshoot
Less Expensive Supports Small No Of Computers
If one node fails, it doesn't affect the rest
network
Increase in no of computers decreases
the efficiency
Uses Less cabling as compared to any topology. If the cable fails, whole network is destroyed.

8. STAR TOPOLOGY
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually
connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch.
• It is a centralized communication system.
• Data travels in the form of data packets.
• Precise communication.
• Indirect communication.
• Two way communication.

9. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Star Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Broken Connection Between Node And Hub
Doesn’t affect the rest of network.
Expensive as compared to Bus.
Less Chances Of Data Loss. No Direct Communication.
More Precise And Accurate. If Hub corrupts, Connection of Network Lost.
Troubleshooting Is difficult.

10. RING TOPOLOGY
• Ring topology, also known as Ring network,
is a type of network topology where each
node is exactly connected to two other
nodes, forward and backward, thus forming
a single continuous path for signal
transmission.
• Unidirectional.
• Direct Communication.
• Decentralized communication system.
• Data travels in clockwise direction.

11. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ring Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
No chance of Data Collision. Unidirectional
Direct Communication. Data has to pass through all the nodes in
between to reach its destination(sink).
No need of server to control connectivity
among nodes.
Transmission line failure can take
down the whole network.
Equal access to resources.

12. MESH TOPOLOGY
• A mesh topology is a network topology in which all
the network nodes are individually connected to
most of the other nodes. There is not a concept of
a central switch, hub or computer which acts as a
central point of communication to pass on the
messages.
• Have dedicated links ,not pair to pair connectivity.
• It is decentralized.
• Hops are the links through which data travels from
source to destination.

13. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Data can never fail to deliver. Most expensive, as large cabling is required.
Manages high amount of traffic. Troubleshooting is very difficult.
Failure of one device doesn’t cause breakdown in a
network.
Installation and configuration are difficult.

14. Tree Topology
• A tree topology is a combination
of a star network topology and a
bus topology. In tree topology,
nodes of the underlying bus
network topology are replaced
with a complete star topology.
• Connects multiple star networks
to other star networks.

15. Advantages and disadvantages of tree topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Expansion of existing network is easy. It requires more cabling.
Other local star network does not breaks as backbone
cable breakdown.
If the common backbone cable breakdown, entire
network will also breaks.
Detection and correction of faults is easy
Each device is connected to a central device through a
dedicated link.
It is difficult to manage a tree topology, as the
network increases difficulties also increases.

16. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
• A hybrid topology is a type of
network topology that uses two
or more differing
network topologies. These
topologies include a mix of bus
topology, mesh topology, ring
topology, star topology, and tree
topology.
• Combination of two or more
topologies.

17. Advantages and disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Hybrid network combines the benefits of different
types of topologies
It is expensive
Can be modified as per requirement The design of a hybrid network is complex.
It is extremely flexible, reliable and easily scalable. Hardware changes are required in order to connect
topology to another topology.

18. Which Topology Should I Choose?
Before choosing a topology you’ll want to closely consider the
following:
• Budget
• Hardware Resources
• Ease Of Implementation
• Size of the network
• Reliability
• Scalability

19. Thankyou