Types of topology

1. CLASS- XII
SIMACHALA PATI
DAV HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, ANANTA VIHAR

2. Contents
What is Topology.
Different Topologies.
Advantages and Disadvantages of different
Topologies.

3. Network Topology
 Network topology is the arrangement of the various
elements (links, nodes, computer etc.) of a computer
network.
 Essentially, it is the topological structure of a
network, and may be depicted physically or logically.
 Physical topology refers to the placement of the
network's various components, including device
location and cable installation, while logical topology
shows how data flows within anetwork, regardlessof
its physical design.

4. Types Of Network Topology
Topology
Physical
BusStarRingTreeMesh
Logical/
Wireless
Hybrid

5. Types Of Physical Topology
BusTopology
RingTopology
StarTopology
TreeTopology
MeshTopology
Hybrid Topology

6. Bus Topology
 In local area networks where bus topology is used, each
node is connected to a single cable.
 Each computer or server is connected to the single bus
cable. A signal from the source travels in both directions
to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds
the intended recipient.
 If the machine address does not match the intended
address for the data, the machine ignores the data.
Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address,
the data is accepted.
 Since the bus topology consists of only one wire, it is
rather inexpensive to implement. Terminators stop signals
after reaching end of wire

7. Advantages-
Relatively inexpensive toimplement
Easyto installand use.
Cablesare lessusedthen star or ring topology.
Disadvantages-
Disorder in any node may lead to failure of entire
data transmission.
It is difficult to add anew node to the structure.

8. Bus Topology
Application
• Most computer motherboard.

9. Star topology
In local area networks with a star topology,
each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-
to-point connection.
In Star topology every node (computer workstation or any
other peripheral) is connected to central node called hub or
switch.
The switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients.
The network does not necessarily have to resemble a star to
be classified asastar network, but all of the nodes on the
network must be connected to one central device.
All traffic that traverses the network passes through the
central hub. The hub acts asasignal repeater.
The star topology is considered the easiest topology to design
and implement.

10. Advantages-
 An advantage of the star topology is the
simplicity of adding additional nodes.
 Good option for modern networks
 Low startup costs
 Easyto manage
 Offers opportunities forexpansion
 Most popular topology in use; wide variety of
equipment available
Disadvantages-
 Hub is asingle point of failure
 Requires more cable than the bus

11. Star Topology
Application
• Star topology used in Local
Area Networks(LANs).
• High speed LAN often used
STAR.

12. Ring Topology
 A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in
which data travels around the ring in one direction and
each device on the ring acts as a repeater to keep the
signal strong asittravels.
 Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming
signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next
devicein the ring.
 The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to
travel around the ring. When a device sends data, it
must travel through each device on the ring until it
reaches its destination.
 Every node is acritical link.

13. Advantages-
 Easier to manage; easier to locate adefective node
or cableproblem
 Handles high-volume networktraffic
 Enables reliable communication
Disadvantage-
 Expensive
 Requires more cable and network equipment at the
start
 Not used aswidely asbustopology
 Fewer equipment options

14. Ring Topology
Applications:
• Ring topologies
are found in
some office
buildings or
school
campuses.
• Today high speed LANs
made this topology less
popular.

15. Mesh topology
 It is also known as graph topology. In this topology
each node is connected in another node “Directly". So
there is a mesh in the network as there are so many
wires that are connected to each and everynode.
 Fully Connected- A fully connected network is a
communication network in which each of the nodes
is connected to each other. A fully connected
network doesn't need to use switching nor
broadcasting.
 Partially Connected- The type of network topology
in which some of the nodes of the network are
connected to more than one other node in the
network with apoint-to-point link.

16. Fully Connected Mesh Topology
Application
1.Telephone Regional office.
2.WAN.(Wide Area Network)(Wi-Fi).

17. Partially Connected Mesh Topology

18. Tree Topology
 Thisparticulartypeofnetworktopologyisbased on a
hierarchy of nodes.
 Thehighest level ofany tree network consistsof asingle,
'root' node, this node connected either asingle (or, more
commonly, multiple) node(s)in the levelbelow by (a)point-
to-point link(s).
• Alternatively referred to as a star bus topology.
• Tree topology is one of the most common network
setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star
topology.
• A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other
star networks.

19. Advantages –
 It is scalable. Secondary nodes allow more devices
to be connected to acentral node.
 Point to point connection of devices.
 Having different levels of the network makes it
more manageable hence easier fault identification
and isolation.
Disadvantages-
 Maintenance of the network may be an issue when
the networkspansagreat area.
 Since it is a variation of bus topology, if the
backbone fails, the entire network is crippled.

20. Tree Topology
Application
1.Corporate Network
2. In database system like
MySQL, PostgreSQL

21. Hybrid Topology
• A Hybrid network which contains all type of physical
structure (use a combination of any two or more topologies)
and connected under a single backbone channel .
• In simple words it is quite similar to Tree Topology
construction.
Advantages
1.It provides a better result by it.
2.It can be designed in many ways for various purposes.
3. It is rubust.
Disadvantages
1. It is costly.
2.Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts
down

22. 1.STAR
2.RING
3.BUS (OR)
CENTRAL
NODE
4.STAR
5.TREE

23. Application
1.Automated Industry
2.Banks
3.Multi-National Offices
4.Educational Institutes
5.Research Organizations

24. Difference between Tree and Hybrid
Topology
Differentiating
Factors
Tree Topology Hybrid Topology
Component
Topology
Bus and Star
Bus, Star, Ring,
Mesh
Backbone
Always Bus
Backbone
Can have Hub as
backbone or Ring
as backbone
Cost Less More
Complexity Less Huge