Network topologies refer to the layout of connected devices on a network. The document discusses several common network topologies including bus, star, ring, tree, mesh, and hybrid. For each topology, it provides details on the physical layout and connections, as well as advantages and disadvantages.

1. Network
Topology
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2. What is Network Topology?
• A computer network is a collection of
two or more computers which are
connected together to share
information and resources.
• Topology refers to the layout of
connected devices(physical connection)
on a network

3. Types Of Topology
Based on
geographical
area covered
Local Area
Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area
Network (MAN)
Wide Area
Network(WAN)
Based on
Architecture
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Tree Topology
Mesh Topology
Hybrid Topology

4. Bus Topology
• A Bus topology consists of a single cable(will be called as
back bone cable) connecting all nodes on a network
without intervening connectivity devices
Coaxial cables ( 10Base-2, 10Base5) are used
Features of Bus Topology
1. It transmits data only in one direction.
2. Every device is connected to a single cable

5. Advantages of Bus
Topology
• Works well for small networks.
• Relatively inexpensive to implement.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
• Does not use any specialized network
equipment.
Coaxi
al
cable
Network
Card

6. Disadvantages of
Bus Topology
• Management costs can be high
• Cables fails then whole network fails.
• Cables has a limited length.

7. Star
Topology
• All computers/devices connect to a
central device called hub or switch.
• Each device requires a single cable
• point-to-point connection between the
device and hub.
• Coaxial cable or RJ-45 connectors are used to
connect the computers
Features of Star Topology
1. Every node has its own dedicated
connection to the hub.
2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.

8. Advantages of Star
Topology
• Fast performance and
low network traffic.
• Easy to troubleshoot
and isolate problems
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage and
expand
• Most popular topology in
use wide variety of
equipment available

9. Disadvantages
of Star
Topology
• Hub is a single point of failure (if
hub fails means overall network
will fail)
• Requires more cable than the bus
• Cost of installation is high.
Hub

10. Ring topology
• All workstations/devices are connected
in a. continuous closed loop or Ring
• There is no central server.
• Each device has a dedicated connection
with two devices on either side
• Signal is passed in one direction from
device to device until it reaches its
destination
• Other devices in the communication will
act as a repeaters except source and
destination

11. Advantages of Ring
Topology
• Easier to manage
• easier to locate a
defective node or cable
problem
• Well-suited for
transmitting signals over
long distances on a LAN
• Handles high-volume
network traffic
-

12. Disadvantages
of Ring
Topology
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and
network equipment at the
start
• Not used as widely as bus
topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion
to high-speed communication

13. Tree topology
• It has a root node and
all other nodes are
connected to it forming
a hierarchy.
• It is also called
Hierarchical Topology.

14. Advantages Of Tree Topology
• Extension of Bus and Star Topology.
• Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
• Easily managed and maintained.

15. Disadvantages Of Tree Topology
• Heavily cabled.
• Costly.
• If more nodes are added maintenance is
difficult.
• Central hub fails, network fails.

16. Mesh Topology
• It is a point-to-point connection to other
nodes or devices.
• Traffic is carried only between two
devices or nodes to which it is connected.
• Mesh needs n(n-2)/2 physical channels to
link n devices.

17. Advantages Of Mesh Topology
• Each connection can carry its own data
load(no traffic).
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provide security and privacy.

18. Disadvantage of mesh topology
• Installation and configuration is difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Need more wires are required.

19. Hybrid Topology
• It is the mixture of two or more
topologies. Therefore it is called Hybrid
topology.
• A hybrid topology combines
characteristics of more than one
topology
Star-Wired
Bus

20. Advantages of hybrid topology
• error detecting and trouble shooting
is easy.
• Effective to use
• Scalable as size can be increased easily.
• Flexible.
Star-Wired Ring

21. Disadvantages Of Hybrid
Topology
• Complex in design.
• Costly.

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