network topologies bus star hybrid mesh ring tree detail of all topology advantages of ring topology advantages of bus topology advantages of mesh topology advantages of star topology advantages of hybrid topology advantages of tree topology

1. Practical:1Practical:1
NetworkTopologyNetworkTopology
Name : Harish R Pillai
Enr no.120120107025
Div : CE A

2. Network topologyNetwork topology
 Topology refers to the way in which the network of
computers is connected.
 Topology can also be defined as the geometrically
interconnection pattern by which the stations
(nodes/computers) are connected using suitable transmission
media (which can be point-to-point and broadcast)
Types of network topology:
 Bus topology
 Star topology
 Ring topology
 Tree topology
 Mesh topology
 Hybrid topology

3. Bus topologyBus topology
 In Bus topology, all nodes (or devices) are connected to a common
communication medium. Usually, a central cable is used as communication
medium. This cable is called Bus. The computers or nodes are connected
to the Bus through interface connector.
 In bus network, each computer is assigned a unique address. When a
computer sends a message to another computer, it also attaches the
address of the destination computer with message.
 This message moves from one computer to other through the bus. Each
computer connected to the network checks the message. If the address
matches with the address of computer, then it accepts the message.
Otherwise, the message moves to the next computer. In this way, the
message is received by the destination computer.

4. Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages
of Bus Topologyof Bus Topology
 Advantages
 It is very simple and easy to install.
 It requires small length of cable to connect computers.
 It is less expensive.
 When a node is added and removed to and from the
network, the network is not affected.
 If one node fails, other nodes are not affected.
 Disadvantages
 It can support only a small number of nodes or computers.
As the number of computers increases, the network get
slower.
 Entire network fails if there is any problem in the central
cable.

5. Star TopologyStar Topology
 In a star network, all computers or nodes are directly
connected to a central device. The
 the nodes are connected to the Hub with unshielded twisted
pair central device is called Hub.
 Star topology is most commonly used in LAN. This form of
network shape looks like a Star.
 In Star topology, the computers communicate with each
other through central Hub. The sending computer sends
data to the Hub. The Hub sends data to the receiving
computer. In this way, data is transferred from one
computer to another.

6. Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages
of Star Topologyof Star Topology
Advantages
It is easy to install and to maintain.
New nodes can easily be added and removed to and
from the central Hub without affecting the network.
If any node or cable fails, other nodes are not
affected
Disadvantages
It requires more cable than any other topologies. So
it becomes more costly.
This type of network depends upon the central Hub.
If Hub fails, the entire network breaks down.

7. Ring TopologyRing Topology
 In ring topology, each computer is connected to the next
computer and the last computer is connected to the first.
Thus, a ring of computers is formed.
 When a computer sends a message to another computer on
the network, the message flows from one computer to the
next computer. Every computer receives message from
previous computer and transmits it to the next computer
until the destination computer receives the message.

8. Advantages and DisadvantagesAdvantages and Disadvantages
of Ring Topologyof Ring Topology
 -Advantages
 Data is quickly transferred without a ‘bottle neck
 The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only.
 Adding additional nodes has very little impact on bandwidth
 It prevents network collisions because of the media access method or architecture
required.
 -Disadvantages
 Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and recipient
therefore this makes it slower.
 If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted
successfully.
 It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
 Because all stations are wired together, to add a station you must shut down the
network temporarily.
 In order for all computers to communicate with each other, all computers must be
turned on.
 Total dependence upon the one cable

9. Tree topologyTree topology
 Tree topology has combined features of bus and star
topology. Typically to form a tree network, multiple star
topologies are combined together through central cable or
bus. The tree network looks like a tree structure
 In tree topology network, one central hub and multiple
secondary hubs are used. The central hub is an active hub
 The cable TV network is an example of tree topology. In this
network, main cable is divided into branches and each
branch is further divided into smaller branches and so on

10. Advantages and disadvantages ofAdvantages and disadvantages of
Tree TopologyTree Topology
 Advantages
 It is an extension of Star and bus Topologies, so in networks
where these topologies can't be implemented individually for
reasons related to scalability, tree topology is the best alternative.
 Expansion of Network is possible and easy.
 Here, we divide the whole network into segments (star
networks), which can be easily managed and maintained.
 Error detection and correction is easy.
 Each segment is provided with dedicated point-to-point wiring to
the central hub.
 If one segment is damaged, other segments are not affected.
 Disadvantages
 Because of its basic structure, tree topology, relies heavily on the
main bus cable, if it breaks whole network is crippled.
 As more and more nodes and segments are added, the
maintenance becomes difficult.
 Scalability of the network depends on the type of cable used.

11. Mesh topologyMesh topology
In mesh topology, each node is directly
connected to every other node on the network.
This type of network involves the concept of
routes. Mesh topology is rarely used in LAN.
Some WANs like the Internet use mesh
topology.
In mesh topology, each node can send message
to the destination through multiple paths. It
means that each node of mesh network has
several possible paths to send or to receive
message.

12. Advantages and disadvantages ofAdvantages and disadvantages of
mesh topologymesh topology
 Advantages
 It has multiple links, so if one route is blocked then other
routes can be used for data communication.
 It ensures the data privacy or security, because every
message travels along a dedicated link.
 Troubleshooting of this topology is easy as compared with
other networks.
 It performance is not affected with heavy load of data
transmission.
 Disadvantages
 It becomes very expensive because a large number of cabling
and I/O ports are required.
 It is difficult to install.

13. Hybrid topologyHybrid topology
 Hybrid, as the name suggests, is mixture of two different
things. Similarly in this type of topology we integrate two or
more different topologies to form a resultant topology which
has good points(as well as weaknesses) of all the constituent
basic topologies rather than having characteristics of one
specific topology.
 This combination of topologies is done according to the
requirements of the organization

14. Advantages and disadvantages ofAdvantages and disadvantages of
Hybrid TopologyHybrid Topology
 Advantages
 1) Reliable : Unlike other networks, fault detection and troubleshooting is easy in this
type of topology.
 2) Scalable: Its easy to increase the size of network by adding new components, without
disturbing existing architecture.
 3) Flexible: Hybrid Network can be designed according to the requirements of the
organization and by optimizing the available resources
 4) Effective: Hybrid topology is the combination of two or more topologies, so we can
design it in such a way that strengths of constituent topologies are maximized while there
weaknesses are neutralized.
 Disadvantages
 1) Complexity of Design: One of the biggest drawback of hybrid topology is its design.
Its not easy to design this type of architecture and its a tough job for designers.
 2) Costly Hub: The hubs used to connect two distinct networks, are very expensive.
These hubs are different from usual hubs as they need to be intelligent enough to work
with different architectures and should be function even if a part of network is down.
 3) Costly Infrastructure: As hybrid architectures are usually larger in scale, they require
a lot of cables, cooling systems, sophisticate network devices, etc.