This document discusses different types of network topologies: - Bus topology connects all devices to a single cable or line. It is easy to set up but not suitable for large networks. - Ring topology arranges each node in a closed loop connected to exactly two other nodes. It provides equal access but if one node fails the whole network fails. - Star topology connects each device to a central hub/switch. It is reliable but the hub is a single point of failure. - Mesh topology connects all devices to each other providing multiple redundant paths but is complex and expensive to implement. - Tree topology combines aspects of bus and star topologies, providing some redundancy but is difficult to configure. - Hybrid

1. "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"

2. Submitted To:
Mam Iqra Muneer
Submitted By:
• Zainab Shehzadi (503)
• Muhammad Azeem (549)
• Zain-Ul-Abideen (539)
• Haram Mukhtar (519)
University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
Narowal Campus

3. What is Network…?
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange
files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a
network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio
waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

4. Network Topology
Network topology refers to the manner in which the links
and nodes of a network are arranged to relate to each other

5. Graphical representation of different topologies

6. Types of Network Topologies
† Bus Topology
† Ring Topology
† Star Topology
† Mesh Topology
† Tree Topology
† Chain Topology
† Hybrid Topology

7. Bus Topology
Network topology in which all of the various devices in the network are
connected to a single cable or line.

8. Advantages of Bus Topology :
• It is the easiest network topology for connecting peripherals or computers in a linear fashion.
• It works very efficient well when there is a small network.
• Length of cable required is less than a star topology.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology :
• Bus topology is not great for large networks.
• Identification of problem becomes difficult if whole network goes down.
• Troubleshooting of individual device issues is very hard.
• Need of terminators are required at both ends of main cable.
• Additional devices slow network down.

9. Ring Topology
Network topology in which each node connects to exactly two
other nodes.

10. Advantages of Ring topology :
• In this data flows in one direction which reduces the chance of packet collisions.
• Equal access to the resources.
• There is no need of server to control the connectivity among the nodes in the topology.
• It is easy to install and expand.
• Speed to transfer the data is very high in this type of topology.
Disadvantages of Ring topology :
• If one workstation shuts down, it affects whole network or if a node goes down entire network goes down.
• Addition and removal of any node during a network is difficult and may cause issue in network activity.
• It is slower in performance as compared to the bus topology
• It is Expensive.

11. Star Topology
Network topology in which each network component is
physically connected to a central node such as a router, hub or
switch.

12. Advantages of Star Topology :
• It is very reliable – if one cable or device fails then all the others will still work.
• It is high-performing as no data collisions can occur.
• Easy fault detection because the link are often easily identified.
Disadvantages of Star Topology :
• Requires more cable than a linear bus.
• More expensive than linear bus topology due to the value of the connecting devices (network switches).
• If hub goes down everything goes down, none of the devices can work without hub.

13. Mesh Topology
Type of networking in which all the computers are inter-
connected to each other.

14. Advantages of Mesh Topology :
• Failure during a single device won’t break the network.
• Fault identification is straightforward.
• This topology provides multiple paths to succeed in the destination and tons of redundancy.
• Data transmission is more consistent because failure doesn’t disrupt its processes.
• Adding new devices won’t disrupt data transmissions.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology :
• It’s costly as compared to the opposite network topologies i.e. star, bus, point to point topology.
• Installation is extremely difficult in the mesh.
• Power requirement is higher as all the nodes will need to remain active all the time and share the load.
• Complex process.

15. Tree Topology
A tree structure in which all the computer are connected
like the branches which are connected with the tree. In
computer network, tree topology is called as a
combination of a bus and start network topology

16. Advantages of Tree Topology :
• This topology is the combination of bus and star topology.
• The other nodes in a network are not affected, if one of their nodes get damaged or not working.
• Tree topology provides easy maintenance and easy fault identification can be done.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology :
• This network is very difficult to configure as compared to the other network topologies.
• Due to the presence of large number of nodes, the network performance of tree topology becomes a bit
slowly.
• Requires large number of cables compared to star and ring topology.

17. Hybrid Topology
Hybrid topology is an integration of two or more different
topologies to form a resultant topology which has many
advantages (as well as disadvantages) of all the constituent basic
topologies rather than having characteristics of one specific
topology.

18. Advantages of Hybrid Topology :
• This type of topology combines the benefits of different types of topologies in one topology.
• It is extremely flexible.
• It is very reliable.
• It is used for create large network.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology :
• It is a type of network expensive.
• Usually hybrid architectures are usually larger in scales so they requires a lot of cables in installation process.
• Design of a hybrid network is very complex.

19. Thank You