Topic 5 syllabus statements
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This document outlines statements from the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus regarding electricity and chemistry. It describes key concepts such as defining electrolysis, describing the products and observations of electrolysis for various electrolytes, stating that metals form at the cathode and non-metals at the anode, relating products to electrolytes and electrodes, describing electrolysis in terms of ions and reactions, constructing half-equations, and predicting electrolysis products. It also describes electroplating, uses of materials in cables, the transfer of charge during electrolysis, producing electricity from cells, and manufacturing processes for aluminum and chlorine/hydrogen.
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1) Distinguishing between physical and chemical changes and understanding how concentration, particle size, catalysts, and temperature affect reaction rates.
2) Demonstrating knowledge of methods to investigate reaction rates and the effects of variables on reaction rates through experimentation.
3) Understanding that some reactions are reversible and can be influenced by changing conditions like concentration, temperature, and pressure.
4) Defining oxidation, reduction, and redox in terms of electron transfers and identifying oxidizing and reducing agents.
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Topic 1 syllabus statements
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This document outlines concepts related to inheritance and genetics from a chemistry syllabus, including:
1) Definitions of inheritance, chromosomes, genes, alleles, and related concepts like dominant and recessive alleles.
2) An explanation of how genetic information is passed from DNA to mRNA to proteins.
3) Descriptions of mitosis, meiosis, and their roles in cell replication and sexual reproduction.
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3. See table below
Prefix Multiple Standard form
centi (cm) 1 cm = 0.01 m x 10-2
milli (mm) 1 mm = 0.001 m x 10-3
micro (μm) 1 μm = 0.000 001 m x 10-6
nano (nm) 1 nm = 0.000 000 001 m x 10-9
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Topic 5 syllabus statements
- 1. 08/04/2016 5. Electricity & Chemistry Syllabus statements Statements from Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry syllabus 0620 (for exams in 2016 – 2018)
- 2. Electricity & Chemistry • Define electrolysis as the breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity • Describe the electrode products and the observations made during the electrolysis of: – molten lead(II) bromide – concentrated hydrochloric acid – concentrated aqueous sodium chloride – dilute sulfuric acid between inert electrodes (platinum or carbon)
- 3. Electricity & Chemistry • State the general principle that metals or hydrogen are formed at the negative electrode (cathode), and that non-metals (other than hydrogen) are formed at the positive electrode (anode) • Relate the products of electrolysis to the electrolyte and electrodes used, exemplified by the specific examples above, together with aqueous copper(II) sulfate using carbon electrodes and using copper electrodes (as used in the refining of copper)
- 4. Electricity & Chemistry • Describe electrolysis in terms of the ions present and reactions at the electrodes in the examples given • Construct ionic half-equations for reactions at the cathode • Predict the products of the electrolysis of a specified binary compound in the molten state • Predict the products of electrolysis of a specified halide in dilute or concentrated aqueous solution
- 5. Electricity & Chemistry • Describe the electroplating of metals • Outline the uses of electroplating • Describe the reasons for the use of copper and (steel-cored) aluminium in cables, and why plastics and ceramics are used as insulators
- 6. Electricity & Chemistry • Describe the transfer of charge during electrolysis to include: – the movement of electrons in the metallic conductor – the removal or addition of electrons from the external circuit at the electrodes – the movement of ions in the electrolyte
- 7. Electricity & Chemistry • Describe the production of electrical energy from simple cells, i.e. two electrodes in an electrolyte. (This should be linked with the reactivity series in section 10.2 and redox in section 7.4.)
- 8. Electricity & Chemistry • Describe, in outline, the manufacture of: – aluminium from pure aluminium oxide in molten cryolite (refer to section 10.3) – chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide from concentrated aqueous sodium chloride (Starting materials and essential conditions should be given but not technical details or diagrams.)