The document provides information on cell biology topics including cell structure, transport processes, and cell division. It contains:
1) Descriptions of plant and animal cell structures and comparisons between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
2) Explanations of three transport processes - diffusion, osmosis, and active transport - and examples of each in cells and organisms.
3) An overview of cell division through mitosis and its role in growth and repair of cells.
This PowerPoint, designed by East Stroudsburg University student Kristen O'Connor, is a PowerPoint designed for middle school science students on cell organelles.
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
This PowerPoint, designed by East Stroudsburg University student Kristen O'Connor, is a PowerPoint designed for middle school science students on cell organelles.
Most relevant information about the cell, its discovery, types and various kinds of organelles and their function. it also focus on how molecules are transported across the cell membrane.
2018/2019
This presentation explains the topic of CELL CYCLE and CELL DIVISION.
It includes cell mitosis of both Plant cell and Animal cell with labelled diagrams.
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Aim : to study cell and it's organelle with help of electron microscope.
Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function.
Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms.
Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and carry out important functions.
Cells group together to form tissues?, which in turn group together to form organs?, such as the heart and brain.
Our cells contain a number of functional structures called organelles?.
These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins?, processing chemicals and generating energy for the cell.
The nucleus? is based at the centre of the cell and is the ‘control room’ for the cell.
The genome? is found within the nucleus.
Stem Cells,BMAC,PRP,Scaffold,Regenerative Medicine,Chondrocytes,Mesenchymal cells,FUTURE ORTHOPEDICS BASICS OF STEM CELLS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING Dr.Sandeep C Agrawal Gondia Maharashtra India
This presentation explains the topic of CELL CYCLE and CELL DIVISION.
It includes cell mitosis of both Plant cell and Animal cell with labelled diagrams.
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Aim : to study cell and it's organelle with help of electron microscope.
Cells are the basic building blocks of living things. The human body is composed of trillions of cells, all with their own specialised function.
Cells are the basic structures of all living organisms.
Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food and carry out important functions.
Cells group together to form tissues?, which in turn group together to form organs?, such as the heart and brain.
Our cells contain a number of functional structures called organelles?.
These organelles carry out tasks such as making proteins?, processing chemicals and generating energy for the cell.
The nucleus? is based at the centre of the cell and is the ‘control room’ for the cell.
The genome? is found within the nucleus.
Stem Cells,BMAC,PRP,Scaffold,Regenerative Medicine,Chondrocytes,Mesenchymal cells,FUTURE ORTHOPEDICS BASICS OF STEM CELLS AND TISSUE ENGINEERING Dr.Sandeep C Agrawal Gondia Maharashtra India
A stem cell is a "blank" cell that can give rise to multiple tissue types such as a skin, muscle, or nerve cell.
Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
3. 15/01/2023
1)
2)
3)
Plant and Animal cells (eukaryotic cells)
Eukaryotic cells have these features:
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic
material within
a nucleus
Typical size of animal cell =
10-30μm
Typical size of plant cell =
10-100μm
4. 15/01/2023
Bacteria (prokaryotic) cells
Consider a bacteria cell in more detail:
Bacteria contain cytoplasm and a
______ surrounded by a cell wall.
The ______ are NOT in a distinct
_____ and bacterial cells do not
have mitochondria or chloroplasts.
They may have one or more small
rings of DNA called _______.
Words – nucleus, membrane,
plasmids, genes
Typical size of bacterial
cell = 2μm
5. 15/01/2023
4)
1)
5)
3)
A Typical Animal Cell
Ribosomes – protein
synthesis happens
here
Mitochondria -
energy is released
here during
aerobic respiration
Cell Membrane –
controls what
comes in and out
Cytoplasm - this is
where the reactions
happen and these are
controlled by enzymes
2) Nucleus –
controls the
cell’s activities
6. 15/01/2023
A Typical Plant Cell:
Cell wall – made
of cellulose which
strengthens the cell
Cell membrane
– controls what
comes in and out
Nucleus – controls
what the cell does and
stores information
Large vacuole –
contains sap and
helps support the
cell
Cytoplasm –
Chemical reactions
happen here
Chloroplasts (containing
chlorophyll) – this is needed
for photosynthesis
7. Plant and Animal Cells compared
15/01/2023
Things in
plant cells
Things in
animal cells
9. 15/01/2023
Specialised animal cells
Red Blood Cell
Carries oxygen around the
body
No nucleus and large
surface area
I.D:
Function:
Features:
White blood cell
Egg cell (ovum)
Ciliated
epithelial cell
Nerve cell
(neurone)
Can you complete a similar description for these cells?
10. Design the following cells…
• A cell that would carry out a large number of chemical
reactions
• A cell that would be capable of absorbing large amounts of
water
• A cell that could line the windpipe and catch dust/germs
• A cell that would be good at photosynthesis
15/01/2023
11. 15/01/2023
Xylem and Phloem
Xylem are used by the plant
to transport water and
soluble mineral salts from
the roots to the stem and
the leaves.
Phloem are tubes used by
the plant to transport
dissolved food to the whole
plant for respiration and
storage.
Xylem and phloem are specialised plant cells:
12. 15/01/2023
Cell differentiation
White blood cell
Egg cell (ovum)
Ciliated
epithelial cell
Nerve cell
(neurone)
During the development of
a multi-celled organism
cells differentiate to
form specialised cells.
They do this by acquiring
different sub-cellular
structures:
Animal cells differentiate
at an early stage whereas
plant cells retain the
ability to specialise
throughout their life.
14. Scanning Electron Microscopes
15/01/2023
Scanning Electron Microscopes have
much higher magnification powers than
light microscopes. This has led to a
much greater understanding of cell
structure.
An electron microscope
image of a maggot…
Notice the resolution of this image
of me. The high levels of resolution
also make electron microscopes very
useful. Now I’m going to eat you.
15. 15/01/2023
Growing Bacteria (Biology only)
Bacteria can grow and multiply at very quick rates, especially inside the
human body where the conditions are right. They grow through an asexual
process called “binary fission”.
Imagine bacteria could double every 20 minutes. Draw a graph of how
many you would have at the following times:
Time No. of bacteria
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1
2
No of
bacteria
Time
The “right conditions” mentioned here
are the right temperature and the
presence of nutrients
16. 15/01/2023
Growing Bacteria (Biology only)
1) Sterilise the
inoculating loop
2) Dip the loop in the
bacteria and spread it
across the agar
3) Secure (but don’t
seal) the lid with tape
and store upside down.
Questions:
1) Why are you sterilising the petri dish and the loop?
2) What does the agar do?
3) Why is the lid not sealed all the way around?
4) Why is the dish stored upside down?
5) Why would you not want to culture your bacteria at 37OC?
18. 15/01/2023
Cells, Genes and Chromosomes
The nucleus of a cell contains
chromosomes made of DNA
molecules. Each chromosome
carries a large number of
genes and chromosomes are
often found in pairs.
19. 15/01/2023
Cell Growth - Mitosis
Each daughter cell has
the same number of
chromosomes and
genetic information as
the parent – in other
words, we’ve “grown” a
new cell.
Mitosis is basically: 1) Copy the DNA, 2) Divide it into two:
Before this division the cell would need to increase the
number of sub-cellular structures such as ribosomes.
20. 15/01/2023
Facts about Mitosis
Mitosis:
1. Used for _____ and _____ of
cells
2. Used in _______ reproduction
3. Cells with identical number of
_______ and genetic
information are produced
(“________”)
Words – clones, asexual, growth, chromosomes, repair
21. 15/01/2023
Stem Cells
A while ago we considered examples of specialised cells:
White blood cell
Egg cell (ovum)
Ciliated
epithelial cell
Nerve cell
(neurone)
A “stem cell” is a cell that hasn’t yet become specialised and
can be found in embryos or bone marrow. These cells can be
used to treat certain conditions but the use of these cells is
very controversial.
22. 15/01/2023
Stem cell research
Stem cells are cells that have not yet specialised:
Egg and
sperm
Embryo
Cloned
embryos
These stem cells have the
potential to develop into
any kind of cell. In grown
adults they can be taken
from bone marrow or
they can come from
embryos from unused IVF
treatments. They can be
used to treat conditions
such as diabetes and
paralysis.
The ethical issue:
Should these embryos be treated as humans?
23. 15/01/2023
Making decisions
Some questions cannot be answered by science and need to be
considered on ethical grounds.
Factors that might influence a decision:
• Beliefs/religion
• What does “the right thing” mean?
• “Playing God”
• Risks – acceptable or unacceptable?
• Social and economic contexts
24. More about Stem Cell Research
15/01/2023
I could benefit from stem cell research but
doctors are worried that my body will reject
the treatment. What’s a possible solution?
“Therapeutic cloning” may
be the answer. We’ll
produce an embryo with
the same genes as you.
Not sure
how I feel
about that…
Stem cell research does also carry the risk of
transmitting viral infections.
25. 15/01/2023
Stem Cells in Plants - Meristems
Plant growth occurs in areas called meristems. Stem cells can
come from meristems.
e.g. this meristem causes
the plant to grow upwards.
Cells from the meristem behave like
stem cells – they can develop into any
kind of cell. Cloned plants can be
produced from these cells. What are
the advantages of this?
1) Food production?
2) Rare plants?
27. 15/01/2023
Diffusion
Diffusion is when something travels from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration. For example,
consider the scent from a hamburger…
The “scent particles” from
this hamburger are in high
concentration here:
Eventually they will
“diffuse” out into this area
of low concentration:
Substances can move across a cell
membrane by diffusion.
28. 15/01/2023
Diffusion Summary
Diffusion is when particles spread from an area of high
concentration to an area of ___ concentration. The particles
move along a “concentration _____”. Diffusion can be
accelerated by increasing the _______ of the particles, which
makes them move _______, or by making the surface area of
the membrane _______.
Words – faster, low, gradient, temperature, bigger
29. 15/01/2023
An example of Diffusion: the lungs
Oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out of blood in
the lungs:
CO2
Diffusion also occurs in cells – urea diffuses out of cells into
blood plasma for excretion in the kidney.
30. 15/01/2023
Single celled organisms
Here’s a picture of an amoeba, a single-celled organism.
The amoeba has a large
surface area to volume
ratio. How does this help
diffusion?
What about a larger
organism that doesn’t have
such a high surface area to
volume ratio? Let’s
consider a fish…
31. 15/01/2023
Gas Exchange in Fish
3) The oxygen is transported away from
the gill filaments by the blood supply.
1) The fish gulps water
through its mouth and then
pushes it out of the gill flap
2) The oxygen is
absorbed by the fine
filaments (which increase
surface area) in the gills
Notice the large
surface area and
good blood supply
in the gills!
32. 15/01/2023
Diffusion in the lungs
As we’ve said before, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide
diffuses out of blood in the lungs:
CO2
Alveoli have four things that help them to do this job:
1) A massive surface area
2) A lining that is only one cell thick
3) A very good blood supply
4) Ventilation.
33. 15/01/2023
Osmosis
Osmosis is a “special kind of ___________”. It’s when water
diffuses from a __________ area to a less concentrated area
through a partially permeable _________ (i.e. one that allows
water to move through but not anything else):
Water Sugar solution
In this example the water
molecules will move from
left to right (along the
concentration ______) and
gradually _____ the sugar
solution.
Words – membrane, concentrated, dilute, diffusion, gradient
35. 15/01/2023
Active Transport
In diffusion substances moved along a concentration gradient.
In active transport, substances move against this gradient:
Outside cell Inside cell
This process takes ______ and
this comes from ___________.
It enables cells to take in
substances even though there
are in very small __________.
Root hair cells take in ______
using active transport.
Cell membrane Words – concentration, energy,
respiration, nutrients
36. 15/01/2023
Plant roots are made of specialised “root hair cells” which have
two features that help them to take in water and nutrients:
Root hair cells
Root
hair
cells
Thin cell membrane
Large surface area
37. 15/01/2023
Active Transport in plants and humans
More concentrated
Less
concentrated
Mineral
Plant nutrients are taken
in by root hair cells using
active transport.
Sugar molecules are
absorbed from the gut
into blood by active
transport.
