Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete and detail information about tonsillits , that is the inflammation of the tonsils ,present in the oral cavity , disease of oral cavity contains introduction, definition, types, causes, risk factors,pathophysiology , treatment , medical management, nursing management, nurses role, patient teaching sign and symptoms , drug therapy, diet management,
Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete and detail information about tonsillits , that is the inflammation of the tonsils ,present in the oral cavity , disease of oral cavity contains introduction, definition, types, causes, risk factors,pathophysiology , treatment , medical management, nursing management, nurses role, patient teaching sign and symptoms , drug therapy, diet management,
Bleeding from inside the nose is called epistaxis
Fairly common and is seen in all age groups.
“Epistaxis refers to nose bleed or hemorrhage from the nose”.
It‘s mostly commonly originates in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity.
A hemorrhage from the nose, referred to as epistaxis, is caused by the rupture of tiny, distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any area of the nose.
Most commonly, the site is the anterior septum, where three major blood vessels enter the nasal cavity:
(1) the anterior ethmoidal artery on the forward part of the roof (Kesselbach’s plexus)
(2) the sphenopalatine artery in the posterosuperior region, and
(3) the internal maxillary branches (the plexus of veins located at the back of the lateral wall under the inferior turbinate).
Bleeding from inside the nose is called epistaxis
Fairly common and is seen in all age groups.
“Epistaxis refers to nose bleed or hemorrhage from the nose”.
It‘s mostly commonly originates in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity.
A hemorrhage from the nose, referred to as epistaxis, is caused by the rupture of tiny, distended vessels in the mucous membrane of any area of the nose.
Most commonly, the site is the anterior septum, where three major blood vessels enter the nasal cavity:
(1) the anterior ethmoidal artery on the forward part of the roof (Kesselbach’s plexus)
(2) the sphenopalatine artery in the posterosuperior region, and
(3) the internal maxillary branches (the plexus of veins located at the back of the lateral wall under the inferior turbinate).
Your tonsils and adenoids are part of your lymphatic system. Your tonsils are in the back of your throat and your adenoids are higher up, behind your nose. They help protect you from infection by trapping germs coming in through your mouth and nose. Sometimes your tonsils and adenoids become infected themselves. Tonsillitis makes your tonsils sore and swollen. Enlarged adenoids can be sore, make it hard to breathe and cause ear problems.
The first treatment for infected tonsils and adenoids is antibiotics. If you have frequent infections or trouble breathing, you may need surgery. Surgery to remove the tonsils is tonsillectomy. Surgery to remove adenoids is adenoidectomy.
Tonsils and adenoids
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal, for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Both acute and chronic pharyngitis are common diseases and they are important for the students to understand, Moreover acute tonsillitis is also very common and it becomes one of the most important causes of throat pain and fever.
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8. Symptoms
• Raw sensation in the throat
• Pain in the throat
• Refusal to eat because of odynophagia
• Voice may be thick
• Jugulodigastric node enlargement and painful
• Halitosis
• Secretions increase and become tenacious
9. Complications
• Quinsy
• Laryngeal edema
• Pharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess
• Acute otitis media
• Rhematism, Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis and acute nephritis
• Septecemia
• Chronic tonsillitis
10. Treatment
• Bed Rest and soft diet
• Antibiotics
• Analgesics
• Warm saline gargles
• Lozenges
11. Catarrhal tonsillitis
• When tonsils are inflamed
as part of the generalised
infection of the
oropharyngeal mucosa it is
called catarrhal tonsillitis.
12. Membranous tonsillitis.
• Some times exudation from
crypts may coalesce to form
a membrane over the
surface of tonsil, giving rise
to clinical picture of
membranous tonsillitis.
15. Post Op Management
• NBM till gag reflex returns
• First 48 hours Cold foods
• Soft non-spicy food for one week after the third day
• Following GA- Tonsillar position is given
• Following LA- Semi-sitting position is given
• Condy’s gargles (1:4000 Potassium Permanganate) or diluted
Hydrogen peroxide gargles for 8-10 days
• Ask patient to blow balloons to stretch the palate
16. Peritonsillar Abscess or
Quinsy
• It is a collection of pus
between fibrous capsule of
the tonsil usually at its
upper pole and the superior
constrictor muscle of
pharynx.
18. Etiology
•More common in males
•Recurrent tonsillitis
•Foreign body embedded in the tonsils
•Tonsillar tag left behind after
tonsillectomy
19. Pathophysiology
Recurrent tonsillitis
Fibrosis of tonsillar crypt
Closure of tonsillar crypt due to new infections
Pus breaks through the capsule of tonsil
Peritonsillar cellulitis
Peritonsillar abscess
20. Signs
• Ill looking patient
• Pyrexia
• Often with severe trismus
• Striking asymmetry with
oedema and hyperaemia of the
soft palate.
• Enlarged hyperaemic and
displaced tonsil
• Trismus
• Halitosis
• Rupture of the abscess
24. Adenoids
When hypertrophied nasopharyngeal tonsil starts
producing symptoms the condition is referred to as
adenoids.
The normal involution of nasopharyngeal tonsil starts
from the onset of puberty, but sometimes it can persist
for a longer period.
25.
26. Etiology
• Between 3-10 years of age.
• TB and other infections
• Causes similar to tonsillitis.
27. Clinical
manifestations
• Nasal obstruction, mouth breathing
• Pigeon chest and Harrison’s sulcus
• Rhinolalia Clausa (Voice becomes flat
and toneless)
• E. tube obstruction
• Purulent nasal discharge
• Post nasal discharge, pharyngitis
• Lymphadenitis
• OM
• Aggravation of asthma and bronchitis
29. Treatment
• Antibiotics
• Decongestants
• Breathing exercises
• Adenoidectomy
• Antral lavage to drain sinusitis
• Grommet may be inserted to ear of a patient having
secretary OM