Three way catalytic converter

SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING
Session: CATALYTIC CONVERTER
11/24/2020 16MT407 - Theory of Automobile Engineering 1
MODULE 1

SESSION OBJECTIVES
 On the completion of this session, the students might
be able to understand,
 Function of catalytic Converter

Topics
 Introduction
 History
 Construction of catalytic Converter
 Working of catalytic Converter
 Types of catalytic converter
 Advantages
 Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
VEHICLE EMISSION:
 Vehicular emission is a substance
discharged into air, especially by an
internal combustion engine
 It includes a number of biologically active
substance CO, HC, and NOx.

INTRODUCTION
Adverse Environmental effects :
Photochemical Smog &
Rising Mercury in the air
Acid Rain Death of Rain Forest
Health Hazard &
Reduce Atmospheric
Visibility

INTRODUCTION
Vehicle Emission Control : It is the study of reducing
the motor vehicle emission
Types of Vehicle Emission control:
1.Secondary Air Injection

INTRODUCTION
Vehicle Emission Control : It is the study of reducing
the motor vehicle emission
Types of Vehicle Emission control:
2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation 3. Catalytic Converter

INTRODUCTION
What is Catalytic Converter :
 A catalytic Converter is a emission device that
converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas to
less toxic pollutants.
Location of Catalytic Converter

HISTORY
History of Catalytic Converter :
Eugene Jules Houdry
 Invented Catalytic
Converter for
smoke stacks
called “Cats”
In 1950 He started
research to develop “CATS”
for Gasoline Engine
 In 1973
John.J.Mooney and
CarlD.Keith
Developed a
catalytic Converter for
Engelhard corporation
 1975 – It was
used in fuel Engine
& 1980’s – 3 Way
“CATS "introduced
for NOx Reduction
in SI Engine

CONSTRUCTION OF CATS
Construction of “CATS” :
 Honey comb – Ceramic Core
 Washcoat added to the coat,
Form some irregular surface,
that surface area utilized for
catalyst reaction
 The Catalyst (Platinum) is
most often a precious wash
coat
 Palladium (Oxidation Catalyst)
and Rhodium (Reduction
Catalyst) are two other
precious metals used for CO &
NOx

WORKING OF CATS
Working of “CATS” :
 In chemistry, a catalyst is substance that causes or
accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being
affected
 In the catalytic converter, there are two different
types of catalyst at work, a reduction catalyst and an
oxidation catalyst.
 Both types consists of a ceramic structure coated with
metals
 Catalyst, usually platinum, Rhodium and or Palladium

TYPES OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER
Types of Catalytic Converter :
 Catalytic converter are classified into 2 types based
on the capability of eliminating the number of
pollutants.
 Two way Catalytic Converter
 Three way Catalytic Converter

Two Way Catalytic Converter :
 The two way oxidation catalytic converter performs
two simultaneous tasks of oxidation of carbon
monoxide to carbon dioxide and oxidation of
hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water
 Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:
2𝐶𝑂 + 𝑂2 = 2𝐶𝑂2
 Oxidation of Hydrocarbon
𝐶 𝑋 𝐻2𝑋+2 +
3𝑋 + 1
2
𝑂2 = 𝑋𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑋 + 1 𝐻2 𝑂
 Disadvantage: Inability to control oxides of nitrogen

Three Way Catalytic Converter :
 It converts harmful gases (NOx, CO, HC) in the
engine exhaust to relatively harmless gases (N2, Co2,
H20).
 A three way catalytic converter make use of two
catalyst to convert harmful gases to harmless gases.
 Reduction Catalyst (Platinum and Rhodium)
 Oxidation Catalyst (Platinum and Palladium)
 Stage 1:
2NO = N2 + O2

Three Way Catalytic Converter :
 Stage 2: In this stage oxidation occurs as in two way
catalytic converter.
Reduction
Catalyst
Oxidation
Catalyst
Exhaust gases with NOx & Co
NOx
Removed
N2, CO2, and H2O
CERAMIC HONEYCOMB STRUCTURED CATALYST
3 WAY CATALYTIC Converter
 3 Way catalytic converters are so named because they are capable of
eliminating three pollutants – NOx, CO, and HC

Effectiveness of Three way catalytic converter:

Advantages:
 Reduce the amount of harmful pollution produced by
the vehicle
 Faster Reaction
 Easy Replaceable
Disadvantages:
 Catalyst require some time to start its action.
 Catalyst are little expensive.

Conclusion:
 Vehicular emission produces the CO, HC and NOx these
emission are reduced by using catalytic converter.
 The two – way oxidation catalytic converter that are
reduces the effect produces by CO, HC
 The three way – Oxidation catalytic converter that are
reduces the effect produced by CO, HC, and Nox
 Catalytic converters are play a major role in reduction of
emission produced by the vehicle.

END

Three way catalytic converter

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