This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Definition of Supercharging ,
Effect of Supercharging ,
Need of Supercharging ,
Types of Supercharging
1) Centrifugal Supercharger
2) Rootes Supercharger
3) Vane Supercharger ,
Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercharging
PPT describes the engine performance parameters of the I.C. engine.
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The engine performance is indicated by the term efficiency, η. Five important engine efficiencies and other related engine performance parameters are:
Power
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηbth)
Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical power.
Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
Brake Power= Brake Workdone/Time
B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
Thermal Efficiency (ηth)
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of Power to energy supplied by the fuel.
ηth= Power/ Energy
In I.C. Engine, thermal efficiency can be classified into two categories i.e.
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the heat supplied or added.
ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
N= Number of the cylinder in use
Definition of Supercharging ,
Effect of Supercharging ,
Need of Supercharging ,
Types of Supercharging
1) Centrifugal Supercharger
2) Rootes Supercharger
3) Vane Supercharger ,
Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercharging
PPT describes the engine performance parameters of the I.C. engine.
Engine performance is an indication of the degree of success of the engine performs its assigned task, i.e. the conversion of the chemical energy contained in the fuel into the useful mechanical work. The engine performance is indicated by the term efficiency, η. Five important engine efficiencies and other related engine performance parameters are:
Power
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηbth)
Mechanical Efficiency (ηm)
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
Relative Efficiency or Efficiency Ratio (ηrel)
Mean Effective Pressure (Pm)
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc)
Fuel-Air or Air-Fuel Ratio (F/A or A/F)
Calorific Value (CV)
Power:-
The main purpose of running an engine is to obtain mechanical power.
Brake Power (B.P.)
The power developed by an Engine at the output shaft is called the brake power.
Brake Power= Brake Workdone/Time
B.P.=BWD/sec.
Indicated power (I.P.)
The total power developed by Combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber is called indicated power.
Indicated Power= Indicated Workdone/Time
I.P.=IWD/sec.
Frictional Power (F.P.)
The difference between I.P. and B.P. is called frictional power (f.p.).
FP = IP – BP
Thermal Efficiency (ηth)
Thermal efficiency is the ratio of Power to energy supplied by the fuel.
ηth= Power/ Energy
In I.C. Engine, thermal efficiency can be classified into two categories i.e.
Indicated Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Indicated thermal efficiency is the ratio of indicated power to the heat supplied or added.
ηith= IP/Qs
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency (ηith)
Brake Thermal Efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the heat supplied or added.
ηbth= BP/Qs
Volumetric Efficiency (ηv)
This is one of the most important parameters which decide the performance of four-stroke engines. Four stoke engines have distinct suction stoke, volumetric efficiency indicates the breathing ability of the engine.
Volumetric efficiency is defined as the ratio of actual flow rate of air into the intake system to rate at which the volume is displaced by the system.
ηv= (푚 ̇"a/a" )/(푉푑푖푠푝푎푐푒푑 푋 푁/2)
"a"= Inlet density is taken atmospheric air density
N= Number of the cylinder in use
Performance analysis of ic engine using supercharger and turbocharger a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract
There are many inventions aimed at increasing the performance of IC engines. So most engines nowdays are employed with
turbocharger and supercharger. It is known that the power outputs of an engine increases with the increase in amount of air or
mixture in the cylinder and supercharger plays an important role in increasing the amount or air. Turbochargers are used
throughout the automotive industry as they can enhance the output of an internal combustion (IC) engine without the need to
increase its cylinder capacity. The emphasis today is to provide a feasible engineering solution to manufacturing economics and
“Greener” road vehicles. It is because of these reasons that superchargers and turbochargers are now becoming more and more
popular in automobile applications. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the techniques used in supercharging and
turbocharging to increase the engine output and reduce the exhaust emission levels.
Keywords: IC Engine, Supercharger, Turbocharger.
Experimental investigation & analysis of an single cylinder four stroke twin ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Variable compression ratio and heat balance sheetdishantpati
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
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Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
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𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
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2. • To increase the output of any engine more fuel can be burned and make
bigger explosion in every cycle.
One way to add power is to build a bigger engine.
> But bigger engine, which weigh more and cost more to build and
maintain are not always better
Another way to add power is to make a normal sized engine more efficient.
> This can be accomplish by forcing more air into the combustion
chamber.
> More air means more fuel can be added and more fuel means a bigger
explosion and greater horsepower.
• This can be done with the help of turbocharger and supercharger
3. A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal
combustion engine.
The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion
than would be available in a naturally aspirated engine.
Supercharger allows more fuel to be burned and more work to be done per
cycle, increasing the power output of the engine.
Power for the unit can come mechanically by a belt, gear, shaft, or chain
connected to the engine's crankshaft .
4. To raise the density of the air charge, before it enters the cylinders.
To raise engines power output for a given weight and size of the engine.
(for aircraft, marine and automotive engines).
To compensate for the loss of power due to altitude.
To increase the volumetric efficiency.
6. Fig. p-v cycle of Naturally aspirated Engine Fig. p-v cycle of Supercharged Engine
7. There are two main types of superchargers defined according to the
method of compression
i. Positive displacement (ex. Twin-screw, roots)
ii. Dynamic compressors (ex. Centrifugal)
The former deliver a fairly constant level of pressure increase at all
engine speeds (RPM), whereas the latter deliver increasing pressure with
increasing engine speed.
Dynamic compressors rely on accelerating the air to high speed and then
exchanging that velocity for pressure by diffusing or slowing it down.
9. A supercharger can consume as much as 20 percent of an engine's
total power output.
Increase in pressure increases thermal load on engine due to increase
in the rate of heat release.
Detonation tendency increases in SI engine.
Reliability of engine decreases with increase in maximum pressure
in the cylinder.
Increase the strain on engine and gear train.
10. A turbocharger, or turbo is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is
driven by an engine's exhaust gases.
To improve an engine's volumetric efficiency by increasing the intake density.
The turbine converts the engine exhaust's potential pressure energy and kinetic
velocity energy into rotational power, which is in turn used to drive the compressor.
11. The turbocharger has three main components
A turbine, which is almost always a radial in flow turbine
1. Twin turbo
2. Twin scroll
3. Variable Geometry
A compressor, which is almost always a centrifugal compressor
The centre housing/hub rotating assembly
12.
13. More power compared to the same size naturally aspirated engine.
Better thermal efficiency over naturally aspirated engine and super charged engine.
Better Fuel Economy by the way of more power and torque from the same sized
engine.
Better volumetric efficiency.
High speed obtained.
Better average obtained.
Engine weight will increase.
If there will be improper maintenance then there will be problem in turbo
such as turbo lag.
Engine cost will increase.
14. Effect of Variable Geometry
Turbocharger (VGT) on Diesel
Engine
(ISSN: 2394-9333)
15. Constant Aspect Ratio(A/R ratio) :-
Turbocharger Lag
• It is also known as Turbocharger Transient Response Time.
• It is defined as the time taken by the engine to change the power output in response
to the throttle change.
• Depends upon the inertia of the rotating parts and the efficient projection of exhaust
gases onto the turbine vanes
smallest c.s.a.of intake passage of turbine housing
distance from central turbine wheel to centroid of area.
A/R ratio =
16. • It has a mechanism by which the inlet area can be varied to obtain the required
A/R ratio for a given flow rate.
• By reducing the A/R ratio at low engine speed (when exhaust flow is low), and
then gradually increasing, as engine speed increases (when exhaust flow is high).
17. In this study applying the VGT turbo and conventional turbo to the high speed direct
injection (HSDI) diesel engine and comparing the performance characteristics of the
both cases.
Vehicle used is international class VI 4700 series delivery truck.
The engine simulation used is the V8 DI 7.3 L diesel engine.
The specifications of the engine are as follows:The vehicle and driveline specification as follow:
18. Experimental procedure
• For comparison study of VGT and conventional turbocharger, engine system is run at
the full load.
• Case A :- Engine is enhanced by VGT
• Case B :- Engine is attached with Conventional Turbocharger
• In the both the cases the engine is accelerated between the 0-60 mph.
• The fuel injection time is kept same for the both cases.
• At initially the engine is start at the full load with breaks applied and after the 5 seconds
breaks are released to achieve the maximum demand up to the 60 mph speed of the
vehicle and the engine and vehicle parameters are measured.
• The parameters measured during each case are engine speed (rpm), vehicle speed (rpm),
boost (bar), fuel injected (g/cycle) and F/A (fuel/air) equivalence ratio Vs. time(s)
20. The turbocharger lag can be eliminated by using VG turbocharger because of higher boosting pressure at
low speed.
There is a cost penalty in choosing a VGT above a conventional turbocharger, but it comes with many
performance improvements. The technology discussed can provide improved fuel efficiency, transient
response, emissions and torque characteristics.
The boost pressure is more at low speed also because of using VG turbochargers.
The take off speed of VG turbocharged engine vehicle is faster than conventional turbocharged.
VG systems will continue to play an important role in future energy recovery and boosting applications
for internal combustion engines.
Cost-benefit considerations will dictate many of the choices embedded in the development of such
systems.
Learnings and Conclusions
21. Prakash Kumar Sen, Rohit Jaiswal, Shailendra Kumar Bohidar “Performance Analysis of Supercharging Process in SI Engine & CI
Engine and Application of Supercharger”, IJARSE, Vol. No.4, ISSN-2319-8354(E).
Swapnil Desai, Kinchit Agrawal, Kashyap Akbari, Dirgh Patel, Samkit Shah “Review on the Performance Improvement of Two
Wheelers Using Modified Supercharger”, IJMTER, DOI:10.21884/IJMTER.2017.4165.JASXX.
Vidit Saxena, Shivpratap Singh Hada, Sourabh Jain “Performance Analysis of Supercharger and Turbocharger Using Ethanol Gasoline
Blend”, ICRTESM-16, ISBN: 972-81-932074-4-4.
Prashant. N. Pakale, S. U. Patel “Performance Analysis of IC Engine Using Supercharger and Turbocharger-A Review”, IJRET, eISSN:
2319-1163, pISSN: 2321-7308.
Amey Dahad, Prof. A. S. Joglekar “Effect of Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) on Diesel Engine”, IJTRD, Volume 3(2), ISSN:
2394-9333.
Adam J. Feneley, Apostolos Pesiridis, Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari “Variable Geometry Turbocharger Technologies for Exhaust
Energy Recovery and Boosting‐A Review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 71 (2017) 959–975.
Jianqin Fu, Qijun Tang, Jingping Liu, Banglin Deng, Jing Yang, Renhua Feng “A combined air cycle used for IC engine supercharging
based on waste heat recovery”, Energy Conversion and Management 87 (2014) 86–95.