This document discusses behaviorism, a learning theory that explains human behavior in terms of conditioning responses to environmental stimuli without reference to internal mental states. It summarizes the key contributions of several influential behaviorist psychologists including Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, John Watson, and Albert Bandura. Pavlov studied classical conditioning in dogs, Skinner researched operant conditioning through his experiments with animals, Watson promoted the idea that behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment, and Bandura focused on social learning and modeling behaviors after others. The document also provides examples of applying behaviorist principles in classroom settings through positive and negative reinforcement of student behaviors.

1. Prepared by: Cheryl M. Asia

2.  The prediction and control of human behavior in
which introspection and/or independent thinking
play no essential part of its teaching method
 A worldview that operates on a principle of
“stimulus-response”
 All behavior can be explained without the need to
consider internal mental states or consciousness.
 Behaviors recognize no dividing line between man
and animal-both learn to behave solely through a
system of positive and negative rewards.

3. “Behaviorists such as Pavlov, Skinner, Watson, and
Bandura have contributed a great deal to the
understanding of human behavior.”
Behavior is shaped through positive (stimulus) and
negative (withholding stimulus) reinforcement, which
increases the probability that the anteceded behavior
will happen again.

4.  Famous for his behavioral experiments
with dogs
 Used a type of conditioning to teach dogs
to salivate when he rang a bell-Classical
Conditioning
 Scientist who used these experiments to
study digestion, but as a result, other
behaviorists studied his work as an
example of stimulus response
 Won Noble Prize in Physiology in 1904

5.  Operant Conditioning- describes learning that
is controlled and results in shaping behavior
through the reinforcement of stimulus
response patterns
 Conducted experiments with pigeons and
rewarded them when he saw them behaving
in a desired manner
 Ultimately, he taught them to engage in
complex tasks such as bowling in a specially
constructed alley.
 Found reinforcement as a powerful motivator

6.  Conducted the “Little Albert” Experiment-
conditioned small children to fear white rats
 He accomplished this by repeatedly pairing
white rats with a loud frightening noise
 Demonstrated that this fear could be
generalized to other white furry objects
 Graduated from Furman University with a
Masters Degree
 Earned a Ph.D.in Psychology at the University
of Chicago

7.  Famous on ideas for social learning, which he
renamed Social Cognitive Theory
 Believes that people acquire behaviors first
through the observation of others and then by
using those observations to imitate what they
have observed
 Has focused his worked on the concept of self-
efficacy, a personal observation about one’s
perceived ability to feel, think, and motivate
one’s self to learn
 Also focused on imagery, a persons ability to
retain information through images in the mind

8. Ivan Pavlov
Graduated from
University of St.
Petersburg
Then entered
Military Medical
Academy
B.F Skinner
Entered Psychology
Department of
Harvard University
Invented cumulative
recorderAlbert Bandura
 Graduated from
University of British
Columbia with Bolocan
Award in Psychology

9. Teacher Student
 Reward students based on
their behavior with extra
computer time. (with
technology)
 Reward students with
extra credit points,
prizes, homework pass,
food, and recognition.
(without technology)
 Through positive
reinforcement, student is
motivated to do better
and succeed.
 Through negative
reinforcement, student
becomes discouraged and
indifferent about
assignments.

10.  Good way of modifying classroom behavior
 Great way to make students understand how they
should behave in a classroom setting
 Allows student to understand that good behaviors
are rewarded and bad behaviors are punished
 Important to teach students at a young age that
behavior has positive and negative outcomes-
reward motivates a student to work harder, while
opposition makes a student feel inadequate

11.  http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureate
 http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesofmajorthinkers/p/
http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html
 http://www.des.emory.edu/mfp/bandurabio.html
 http://projects.coe.uga.edu/epltt/index.php?
title=Behaviorism
 http://5122psychology.pbworks.com/w/page/99
2126/Albert%20Bandura
 http://www.skeptically.org/skinner/id3.html
 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medici
ne/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html

12. Raul Roco took over as education secretary of the Philippines in
2001, at a time when the Philippines had not only one of the ten most
corrupt governments in the world (according toTransparency
International), but its Department of Education was also the fourth-most
corrupt of its agencies (as named by the Asia Foundation - Social Weather
Stations Survey of Enterprises on Public Sector Corruption). To combat
this corruption, Roco imposed a department-wide transparency policy
which also held employees accountable for the purchase of textbooks,
which had been a major source of the department's corruption. This
allowed the department to purchase textbooks for a much lower price,
and after just eight months under Roco's leadership, the Department of
Education gained a 73% public approval rating and became the most
trusted government agency in the Philippines.
During his tenure in that position, Roco allowed free public
education (through high school) as required by the Philippine
Constitution. He also enacted a reform of basic education curriculum in
order that children would focus their studies on reading, writing,
arithmetic, science, and Makabayan. In addition, he made sure that
teachers were paid promptly and ended the 3% "service fee" that the
department had long been deducting from teachers' pay.Ω