March 16, 2017

1. Behaviorism and Education
Tadeo A. Rosalia

2. Behaviorism (or behaviourism)
• Human and animal behavior.
• It assumes that all behaviors are either
reflexes produced by a response to certain stimuli in
the environment, or a consequence of that individual's
history, including especially reinforcement and
punishment, together with the individual's current
motivational state and controlling stimuli.
• Thus, although behaviorists generally accept the
important role of inheritance in determining behavior,
they focus primarily on environmental factors. is a
systematic approach to the understanding
What is Behaviorism?

3. What is Behaviorism?
• Idea that behavior is acquired
through conditioning.
• Measures behavior by
a learner’s response to
stimuli.
• A learner’s response to stimuli
can be reinforced using positive or
negative feedback.
• Behaviorism is an approach to psychology based on the belief that all
human actions and responses can be explained in terms of reflexes
conditioned by reward and punishment.
• Observation And Test experiments

4. Behaviorism connection to
• Realism
• It is concerned with the
existence of things.
• Complete living is the aim of
education and also the aim
of life.
• Realism is the theory that
holds the existence of
objects is real.
• Relation between object and
thought.
 Materialsm
 Is the theory that reality can be
explain by the Laws of mater and
motion, material matter exis .
 Beliefs about mind, consciousness
soul they say, are relics of pre
scientific age.
 preoccupation with or emphasis on
material objects only, comforts, and
considerations,
 rejection of spiritual, intellectual
or cultural values.
 Nothing is supernatural

5. Thomas Hobbes (1599-1679)
 Who was Thomas
Hobbes?
 The State of
Nature
 Human Nature
 The Laws of
Nature
 Leviathan?

6. Thomas Hobbes
 Born in 1588, Died in 1679
 Oxford-educated Englishman
and political philosopher
 One of the first social
contract theorists
• Famous work: Leviathan
• He applied some of their
ideas about physical universe
to human being and social
institution.
• He said ; Life is Motion

7. Early behaviorists
B.F SkinnerIvan Pavlov John Watson

8. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
• Pavlov did a famous experiment that
demonstrate the theory of
• classical conditioning
• He is known for using dogs for behavioral
tests.
• He used a bell to teach the dogs to know that
food was being given and it resulted in the
dogs salivating while waiting for the food.
• This became known as classical conditioning.

9. Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning involves pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with a response.
Then a previous neutral stimulus is paired with the naturally occurring stimulus. The
neutral stimulus begins to evoke the same response without the natural occurring
stimulus.

10. John B. Watson(1878-1958)
• Watson believed that human behavior
resulted from specific stimuli that elicited
certain responses.
• Watson's basic premise was that conclusions
about human development should be based
on observation of overt behavior rather than
speculation about subconscious motives or
latent cognitive processes.
• One experiments “little Albert”
• Use Classical conditioning on Human

11. John B. Watson
• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-
formed, and my own specified world to
bring them up in and I guarantee to take
any one at random and train him to
become any type of specialist I might
select- doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-
chief and, yes, even beggar-man and
thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,
tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race
of his ancestors.”
Jan. 1878- Sept. 1958
• Known for publishing an article titled
“Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It”
•Little albert

12. • The little albert experiments
presents and example of how
classical conditioning can be use to
condition an emotion response
• Neutral stimulus: The white Rat
• Unconditioned stimulus: The Loud Noise
• Unconditioned response: Fear
• Condition res. The white Rat
• Condition response: Fear
John B. Watson

14. • Watson’s work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov,
who had studied animals’ responses to conditioning.
• He became interested in the work of Ivan Pavlov and included a
brief summary of Pavlov’s works in his major works.
• Pavlov believed, as Watson was later to emphasize, that
humans react to stimuli in the same way.
Ivan Pavlov

15. B.F Skinner (1904-1990)
• Skinner believed that the best way to
understand behavior is to look at the
causes of an action and its
consequences.
• He called this approach operant
conditioning.
• Operant conditioning is a method of
learning that occurs through rewards
and punishments for behavior.

16. • It is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and
punishments.
• Rewards cause an increase in behaviour, while punishment
decrease the behaviour.
• Aspects in Operant Conditioning:
– Positive Reinforcer
– Negative Reinforcer
– Positive Punishment
– Negative Punishment

18. Important People in Behaviorism
• Ivan Pavlov- Did the experiment with the dogs.
Came up with the theory of classical conditioning.
• B.F. Skinner- Developed the theory of operant
conditioning. Operant Conditioning is the use of
consequences to modify the occurrence and form of
behavior.
• John B. Watson- The “Little Albert” experiment. He
gets credit for establishing the psychological school
of behaviorism.