This document discusses behaviorism, a learning theory that focuses on observable behaviors and discounts internal mental processes. It describes two types of conditioning: classical conditioning described by Ivan Pavlov which involves involuntary reflex responses, and operant conditioning described by B.F. Skinner which involves reinforcing or punishing voluntary behaviors. While behaviorism provides practical techniques for shaping behavior, it is limited in not accounting for all types of learning and internal cognitive processes.
Behaviorism: A brief overview -
What is Behaviorism?
History of Behaviorism
Classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov's Classical conditioning
Example of Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Skinner's Operant conditioning
Consequences for behaviours
Difference between negative - reinforcement and punishment ?
Shaping new behaviours
Critiques of Behaviorism
Behaviorism: A brief overview -
What is Behaviorism?
History of Behaviorism
Classical conditioning
Ivan pavlov's Classical conditioning
Example of Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Skinner's Operant conditioning
Consequences for behaviours
Difference between negative - reinforcement and punishment ?
Shaping new behaviours
Critiques of Behaviorism
Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.
Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.
Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions.
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
This is all about Psychological Behavior through Behaviorism Theory, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning , Stimulus Response and the Philosophical Foundations of Education, Teaching Methodology with adaptation of the Adventist Belief in Education.
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2. Behaviorism is a learning
theory that only focuses on
objectively observable
behaviors and discounts any
independent activities of the
mind. Learning is nothing
more than the acquisition of
new behavior based on
environmental conditions.
3. 2 TYPES OF CONDITIONING
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
O First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian
physiologist
O Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex
O Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
OPERANT CONDITIONING
O First described by B. F. Skinner, an American
psychologist
O Involves
applying reinforcement or punishment after a
behavior
O Focuses on strengthening or weakening
voluntary behaviors
4. The “Big 4” of
Behaviorism
• Ivan Pavlov
• Edward Thorndike
• John Watson
• B.F. Skinner
5. AGREEABLE ABOUT BEHAVIORISM
•provided a number of practical
applications and techniques to
shape behaviour, e.g. the use of
rewards in education.
•often very useful in changing
maladaptive or harmful
behaviors in both children and
adults.
6. •Behaviorism is based
upon observable behaviors,
so it is easier to quantify
and collect data and
information when
conducting research.
7. ARGUEMENTS ABOUT BEHAVIORISM
OBehaviorism does not account
for all kinds of learning, since it
disregards the activities of the
mind.
OBehaviorism does not explain
some learning–such as the
recognition of new language
patterns by young children–for
which there is no reinforcement
8. OResearch has shown that
animals adapt their
reinforced patterns to new
information. For instance, a
rat can shift its behavior to
respond to changes in the
layout of a maze it had
previously mastered
through reinforcements.
9. ASPIRATIONS
Adopt Behaviorism if you want
to:
O Compliment Good Behavior
OSupport Praise With Evidence
OUtilize Negative
Reinforcement
OApply Unpleasant
Consequences When
Necessary
10. ASSUMPTIONS
OBehaviour is learned from the
environment
OBehaviour is determined by positive
and negative reinforcement, and
punishment
OObservable behaviour, not minds,
should be studied.
OThe environment controls our
behaviour and that its not our
conscious thought and processes
11. OBehaviorism is a form of
learning theory that offers
specific assistance to teachers
in developing instructional
strategies. However, it also has
limitations that make it
impractical to use in some
situations. Effective teachers
understand that no one theory
explains all student learning.
12. QUESTIONS
1. What is Behaviorism to you?
2. Will you adopt behaviorism?
Why? Why not?
3. What will you use in
increasing learning?
Classical or Operant
Conditioning? Why?
13. 4. Based on your own
experience, is behaviorism
effective in changing
learners behavior? Why?
Why not? Site scenarios if
needed.
5. In what areas can you use
behaviorism in attaining
better learning?
14. REFERENCES
O Funderstanding April (2011) :
Behaviorism retrieved from
https://www.funderstanding.com/theory/b
ehaviorism/
O http://254education.blogspotApril
(2011).com/2015/12/advantages-and-
disadvantages-of.html
O https://getrevising.co.uk/grids/the_behav
iourist_approach
