The document discusses the Pantheon in Rome, Italy. It was originally commissioned as a temple by Marcus Agrippa but was later rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian in 126 AD. The Pantheon has a large circular structure with a portico and rotunda beneath a concrete dome with an oculus. It remains the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome nearly 2,000 years later. The building also provides details about its architectural characteristics and history.

1. western NAME : NOOR HALISAH NASARUDDIN (870106-49-5400) : MOHD HAZLAN BIN HARMAN SHAH (890522-59-5288) : HAIRUL HAFIZI BIN MASKOR (860909-23-6737) SEMESTER : YEAR 2 SEM 1 COURSE: BACELOR OF ARCHITECTURE STUDIES LECTURE NAME : PN.SHARIFAH HASMIMAH

2. The Ancient history of architecture can be divided into three main era: Ancient Egypt Ancient Rome Ancient Greek The topic that I Have Chosen is Ancient Rome An Pantheon in Rome, Italy

3. PANTHEON An image of Pantheon in Rome, Italy Pantheon, outside

4. Introduction Ancient Rome Building – “ The Pantheon” The text of the original inscription (" M·AGRIPPA·L·F·COS·TERTIVM·FECIT ", standing for Latin: Marcus Agrippa, Lucii filius, consul tertium fecit translated to "' Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, Consul for the third time, built this ") The Pantheon was once known as the “ Temple to all the Gods” . Commissioned by Marcus Agrappa as a Temple, rebuilt by Emperor Hadrian in about 126 AD. The name “pantheon” comes either from the statues of so many gods or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens. During construction, the area of the pantheon was on the outskirts of Rome. Under the Roman Republic the Campus Martius had served as gathering place for elections and the army.

5. Con’t However, under Augustus and the new Principate both were deemed to be unnecessary. The construction of the Pantheon was part of a program of construction that was undertaken by Augustus Caesar and his supporters. They built more than twenty structures on the Campus Martius, including the Baths of Agrippa and the Saepta Julia. It had long been thought that current building was built by Agrippa, with later alterations undertaken, and this was in part due to the inscription on the front of the temple. However, archaeological excavations have shown that the Pantheon of Agrippa had been completely destroyed, and Emperor Hadrian was probably responsible for rebuilding the Pantheon on the site of Agrippa's original temple.

6. Characteristics of “The Pantheon” The building is circular with a portico of three ranks of huge granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment opening into the rotunda , under a coffered, concrete dome , with a central opening ( oculus ) to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres (142 ft). A rectangular structure links the portico with the rotunda. It is one of the best preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to "St. Mary and the Martyrs" but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda."

7. Pantheon Rome Model

8. INSIDE VIEW

9. Plan of the building with characteristics

10. Front elevation

11. Back side

12. CROSS- SECTION OF THE PANTHEON

13. 2D structure drawing FRONT ELEVATION LEFT ELEVATION SECTION PLAN

14. THE PANTHEON , ROME , ITALY GOOGLE EARTH 3D BUILDINGS

15. Left elevation Internal overview

16. Dome with Oculus Oculus

17. Top view Dome

18. Pantheon obelisk in the front of Pantheon Drum arch, Parthenon Columns DOME DOOR Entryway carving detail, porch side Panorama inside Entryway arch Pantheon's pillars

19. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_ancient_Greece http://www.google.com.my/imglanding?q=pantheon&imgurl=http://vclass.mgt.psu.ac.th/~parinya/MM/artlessons/pantheon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://vclass.mgt.psu.ac.th/~parinya/MM/artlessons/timeline.html&usg=__z6bMAflngNC5cnPYkvaVFbllRVM=&h=340&w=600&sz=33&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=kVM4yXOhATraAM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpantheon%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&sa=X&tbs=isch:1&start=2#tbnid=etwKRgzSf8gCgM&start=24 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_ancient_Rome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome http://www.google.com.my/imglanding?q=pantheon&imgurl=http://vclass.mgt.psu.ac.th/~parinya/MM/artlessons/pantheon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://vclass.mgt.psu.ac.th/~parinya/MM/artlessons/timeline.html&usg=__z6bMAflngNC5cnPYkvaVFbllRVM=&h=340&w=600&sz=33&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=kVM4yXOhATraAM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpantheon%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&sa=X&tbs=isch:1&start=2#tbnid=hO7nEBNpXVYswM&start=22

20. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pantheon_rome_2005may.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_architecture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_Martius http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principate

21. CONCLUSION