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Pantheon Rome 4
The Pantheon in Rome, built between 118-125 AD, is the oldest building still in continuous use today, originally serving as a temple to multiple gods. It features a remarkable unreinforced concrete dome, adorned with a coffered ceiling and an oculus for light and ventilation, making it an architectural milestone. Transforming into a church in 609 AD, it is also the burial place of the renowned Renaissance painter Raphael.
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Pantheon Rome 4
- 1. Pantheon, Rome The oldestbuilding in continue use for 2000 years First created 6 Sep 2010. Version 4.0 - 5 Jan 2020. Daperrp. London.
- 2. Pantheon It was builtin 118-125 AD, nearly 2000 years ago. The poet Shelley called it “The unmeasured dome of Heaven.” Pantheon, Rome
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- 4. During the reignof Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD), the Roman Empire stretched all the way from Scotland to the Persian Gulf, plus all the lands bordering the Mediterranean sea. During his time the empire was relatively at peace with its neighbouring tribes. The only formidable enemy was the Parthian Empire, in now Iran, on the Eastern frontier. RomanworldunderHadrian
- 5. The Roman inventedconcrete which was forgotten after the collapse of the empire. Bricks were commonly used in construction. The Roman also used arches extensively. Many of its buildings used curves in their construction. The Coliseum and the Pantheon are two well- known examples. Rubble Wall Arch Central heating Concrete vault Coffered vault Roman constructions
- 6. Interior The Pantheon wasbuilt as a temple, just outside Rome. Pantheon is a temple built for many gods. The Roman Pantheon On the original building, the dome was covered with sheets of bronze giving it a shinny golden surface. The lower part of the external wall were covered with marbles. It also had a bronze door.
- 7. AmarvelofRomanengineering The cross sectionof the building.
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- 9. It the 609AD the building was transform into a church, dedicated to Santa Maria dei Martyri, after the bones of Christian martyrs were bought here from the catacombs. Pantheon - History In the reign of Augustus Caesar, the site was dedicated to the major gods (Mars, Venus etc.). The building was rectangular in shape. The building was rebuilt between 118 and 125 AD, during the reign of Hadrian.
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- 11. Pantheon is amilestone in the history of Architecture.
- 12. The piazza Fontana Fontanadel Pantheon in the piazza. First design in 1575 but modified since.
- 13. Fontana del Pantheon Fonatanadel Pantheon in the piazza in front of the Pantheon.
- 14. Fontana del Pantheon Awater spout at the Fonatana del Pantheon,
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- 17. The portico withits 16 granite columns.
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- 19. The main componentsof the building – the portico, the rotunda and the dome. A brilliant composition of geometric forms.
- 20. map Side view ofthe dome.
- 21. The ceiling isan unreinforced concrete dome resting on a thick circular wall or rotunda. The circular opening at the top of the dome is called the Oculus, providing light and ventilation. The Pantheon has a coffered dome. This reduces the material used for construction and therefore the weight of the ceiling. From the diagram above you can also see the cross-section of the roof get thinner as the dome gets higher. Method of Construction Very light stone called pumice, which float on water, were used as the raw material with the concrete. It further reduce the weight of the dome. Coffers dome Oculus Buttressing Piers 7 recesses for 7 gods Pier, support for span Portico Portico Rotunda
- 22. map The wall in3 sections with embedded arches
- 23. The giant bronzedoor entrance
- 24. The coffered concreteceiling
- 25. The diameter ofthe dome is 43.3 meters (142 ft). It remained the largest dome in the world for more than a millennium and is still the world’s largest unreinforced concrete dome. There are 5 rows of coffers, to reduce the weight of the dome, around the ceiling. The Oculus – only source of light
- 26. Raphael, the painterwas buried here. A small black statue on the wall marked his grave.
- 27. Tomb of Raphael.He was a Renaissance painter who spent his earlier career painted many Madonna and Child for the church. He portrayed parental relationship between Madonna and Child. Raphael Tomb
- 28. map Raphael’s sarcophagus wasinscribed with these words “Bones and ashes”. Raphael Tomb
- 29. Seven niches forseven gods.
- 30. A statue ofSt Joseph There is a shrine of St Joseph in Pantheon. St Joseph
- 31. Interior It is thebest preserved building of ancient Rome. The oldest building in the world, still in use today.
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- 34. The ceiling overthe main altar
- 35. The high altar Thehigh altar was designed by Alessandro Specchi c1700-21.
- 36. Italy was neverunited as a country since ancient Rome. It is a relative new country. It was under Vittorio Emanvele II that Italy was finally reunited to become one country again.. The tomb of Vittorio Emanele II.
- 37. The tomb ofVittorio Emanele II. A tomb for the National Institute for the Guard of Honour who guarded Victor Emmanuel’s tomb in their lifetime.
- 39. The entire interioris covered with marbles.
- 40. The ceiling ofthe portico
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- 42. The side ofthe portico
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- 46. Pantheon at night Builtby the Ancient Roman, still functioning as an public building today..
- 47. The End Music - Albinoni’soboe concerto in C Major, op 9 no 57 - 1st movement. Allegro All rights reserved. Rights belong to their respective owners. Available free for non-commercial and personal use.
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