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Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture developed from the late 16th century to 1750 across Europe and America. It reflected the scientific advances and religious/political conflicts of the time through dramatic use of light, illusionistic painting/sculpture, asymmetrical and curved designs. In Italy, architects like Bernini and Borromini created dramatic church designs fusing architecture, art and sculpture. French Baroque like Versailles was more ordered and classical, showing royal power. Rococo later emphasized ornate interiors and decoration.
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Baroque architecture
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- 2. Cronology and geography •From the end of 16th century until 1750. • Geography: whole Europe+ America. • Characteristics of the period: – – – – Religious and political conflicts Geographical colonization Scientific development New astrological discoveries Sun centre of Universe
- 3. Baroque Style • Theword means imperfection • New naturalism that reflects the scientific advances • Taste for dramatic action and emotion: – – – – – Colour and light contrasted Rich textures Asymmetrical spaces Diagonal plans New subjects: landscape, genre, still-life
- 4. Baroque Style • Varietywithin the style • Art at the service of power • Two main centres: – Rome: Pope’s authority – France: powerful monarchy • Influence of the Counter-Reform • Worry about plastic values
- 5. Architecture: Characteristics • Longnarrow naves replaced by broader or circular forms • Dramatic use of light
- 6. Architecture: Characteristics • Dramaticuse of light • Large-scale ceiling frescoes
- 7. Architecture: Characteristics • Large-scaleceiling frescoes • Interior a shell for painting and sculpture
- 8. Architecture: Characteristics • Illusoryeffects • Ekialdeko Europan tipula-kupulak
- 9. Architecture: Italy • Theyevolved from the Renaissance forms • Movement toward grand structures with flowing, curving shapes • Landscape was frequently incorporated • New elements as gardens, squares , courtyards and fountains. • Influence of the rebuilding of Saint Peter, in which classical forms integrated with the city.
- 10. Architecture: Italy • Maderno –He made the Vatican’s façade – His work destroyed partially Michelangelo’s design – His work combined the dome with the creation of an space where the Pope could appear publicaly – Other works: • Santa maria della Vittoria • Palazzo Barberini
- 11. Vaticano’s façade Santa Mariadella Vittoria Palazzo Barberini
- 12. Architecture: Italy • Longhena –He worked mainly in Venice – His design was selected for building Santa Maria della Salute – It is building of central plan with a great dome that became the symbol of Venice.
- 13. Santa Maria ofNazaret Santa Maria della Salute Ca’ Rezzonico
- 14. Architecture: Italy • Bernini –He created a fusion of architecture, painting and sculpture – He used false perspective and trompe-l’ oeil to impact – He used a palace façade that became a model with massive pilasters above a rusticated base. – Works: • Saint Peter’s square • Baldaquin
- 15. San Peter’s colomnade SanPete’r Baldaquine
- 16. Architecture: Italy • Borromini –His works spring from the contrast between convention and freedom – He used tradition as a basis, but not as a law – Works: • San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane • San Carlo Borromeo • Oratorio degli Fillipenses
- 17. San Ivo’s dome SanCarlo alle quattro fontane
- 18. Palacio Spada (trompel’oeil) Oratorio degli Filipensi Stairs
- 19. Architecture: France • Itwas elegant, ordered, rational and restraided • It is a rectilinear model, closer to classicism • It aimed at showing the power of Louis XIV monarchy. • The main works are: – Louvre: Le Vau and Perrault – Versailles: Le Brun, Le Vau, Le Notre
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- 22. Architecture: Central Europe •It began later due to the Thirty Years’ War • Austria developed the Imperial style with Fischer von Erlach and Hildebrandt • In Germany, in the Catholic South Jesuit models were followed while in the Protestant North works were less important • Palace architecture was important in the whole area
- 23. Fisher von Erlach:Karlskirtche and Schönbrunn Hildebrandt: Belvedere palace
- 24. Architecture: England andRussia • In England is important Wren • Baroque was the style used to design town planning • In Russia it is very decorative, in quite traditional churches sometimes made of brick; later it was imported from the Low Countries and finally it became an extravagant art.
- 25. Wren: Cambridge Emmanuel chapel Wren:San Paul Cambridge library
- 26. Architecture: Spain • Atthe beginning it continued the pattern of the Escorial • Decoration tends to concentrate just in the façade • The Rococo was the time of the development of the Churrigueresque style, with exaggerated decoration around the door • The Plateresque (last Renaissance that imitates the work on silver) and the Churrigueresque were exported to America, mainly to Mexico.
- 27. Alberto Churriguera: Salamanca’smain square Jose Benito Churriguera: Salamanca’s San Esteban convent altarpiece
- 28. Rococo • French stylefor interior decoration • It developped mainly at the end of 1720 • It was used in other countries as a French Style • Characteristics: – Galante: luxurious things – Contraste: asymmety – Chinoiserie: exotic character imitating Chinese arts
- 29. Rococo Architecture • • • • • • • • • It caughtthe public taste Small and curious buildings Elegant parlours, dainty sitting-rooms and boudoirs Walls, ceiling, furniture and works of metal as decoration Ensemble of sportive, fantastic and sculptured forms Horizontal lines almost completely supressed Shell-like curves Walls covered by stucco White and bright colours.