The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were one of the largest bath complexes in the Roman Empire, built in 217 AD under the reign of Emperor Caracalla. The baths covered over 27 acres and could accommodate up to 2000 bathers at a time. It included facilities such as changing rooms, exercise yards, hot and cold pools, gardens, and libraries. The complex exemplified advanced Roman architectural techniques and served both a practical purpose for bathing and social functions. It remained in use until the 6th century when it was damaged during Gothic wars.
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
Lecture 02: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus. It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD.
KANDARIYA MAHADEV MANDIR), meaning "the Great God of the Cave", is the largest and most ornate Hindu temple in the medieval temple group found at Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the best examples of temples preserved from the medieval period in India. The temple is dedicated to Shiva, in the form of a linga. It was made in 1030 by King Vidhyadhara of Chandela dynasty.
Culture Primary deity Shiva(Mahadeva) Architecture Architectural styles North Indian History and governance Date built circa 1030 Creator King Vidyadhara of the Chandela dynasty
TOMB OF SIKANDER LODHI | MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODImanoj chauhan
MAUSOLEUM OF SIKANDER LODI
The lodhi dynasty (or lodhi) was An afghan dynasty that ruled
The delhi sultanate from 1451 to 1526.
It was the last dynasty of The delhi sultanate and was founded by bahlul khan
Lodi when he replaced Dynasty.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the use of Hindu and Islamic elements in combination.
The trend begun when Hindu artisans were forced to create Islamic structures for the Delhi Sultans who having arrived in India on conquest and plunder lacked artisans and architects.
Under later dynasties, Islamic immigrants trickling into the realm (and in greater numbers during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East) added to the talent pool with newer ideas and authentic Middle Eastern styles.
The mix of styles and use of elements gradually evolved overtime reaching its pinnacle under the Mughals.
The mausoleum of Sikandar Lodi is taken to be the first of the garden mausoleums built in the sub continent.
Inspired in parts by Muhammad Shah’s Mausoleum situated a little distance away, its most visibly distinguishing feature is its octagonal plan and garden inside.
Out of the two types of tombs constructed during the period, the octagonal design appear to be associated with royalty than the more numerous square type.
The tomb was an innovation in mausoleum complexes built during the reign of the Delhi Sultanates.
Enclosed within a raised fortified complex, with two dome shaped Chattris (umbrella shaped domes) at the main entrance, the octagonal mausoleum sits in the middle of a large garden.
The housing space is ringed by a wide veranda with lightly carved pillars placed at measured intervals.
Crowning the head of the mausoleum is a single dome with a lotus finial at the top. The interior is ornamented with tiles beneath which is a single tomb.
The compound outside has an open air mosque built into the western wall with a paved platform for holy men to offer prayers for the soul of the sultan.
Lecture 02: Islamic Architecture in India_Slave DynastyKowshik Roy
This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Slave Dynasty has covered in this lecture.
Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV
Architecture Discipline,
Khulna University, Khulna
The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus. It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD.
Ancient Romans had an understanding of water that was nothing short of spectacular in their time. The Aqueducts carried water from distant springs and streams into the city of Rome.
Julia morgan-Her Life, Hearst Castle and Chapel of the ChimesVivek Sinku
The Presentation contains the early life of of Julia Morgan and the major projects she had during her lifetime.
it includes two major case studies:
1: Chapel of the Chimes
2: The Hearst Castle
Both have been described well in the presentation.
Julia morgan-Her Life, Hearst Castle and Chapel of the ChimesViv S
The Presentation contains the early life of of Julia Morgan and the major projects she had during her lifetime.
it includes two major case studies:
1: Chapel of the Chimes
2: The Hearst Castle
Both have been described well in the presentation.
7. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ 27 acres complex (11 hectares). Accommodate up to 2000 people per time. Main building at the centre and covered by a thick wall consists of libraries and gym and also gardens. 6 feet height for loading purpose. Main building have upper level for service and heating and lower level for water drainage. Heating reservoir by Aque Marcia Aqueduct. The bath was known because of the rich interiors of marble seats, mosaic walls and floors as well as fountain and statue. MAIN BUILDING
8. Principal dimensions Precinct maximum: 412x393 m Internal: 323x323 m Central Block overall: 218x112 m Swimming Pool: 54x23 m Frigidarium: 59x24 m, height . 41 m Caldarium: 35M diameter height . 44 m Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ Quantities of materials Pozzolanna: 341,000 m³ Quick lime: 35,000 m³ Tuff: 341,000 m³ Basalt for foundations: 150,000 m³ Brick pieces for facing: 17.5 million Large Bricks: 520,000 Marble columns in Central block: 252 Marble for columns and decorations: 6,300 m³ BUILDING DIMENSION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
10. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ APODYTERIUM (DRESSING ROOMS ) A FIRST STOP PLACE FOR BATHERS BEFORE THEY GET TO A STEP BY STEP BATHS. EQUIPPED WITH BENCHES AND OFTEN CUBICLES TO STORE BATHER’S CLOTHES. COMMONLY ONE SLAVE WILL STAY TO WATCH THE BATHERS BELONGINGS. INTERIOR
11. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ A FACILITIES SERVE FOR TRAINING IN BOXING AND PLAY A KIND OF BALL GAME. THOSE ACTIVITIES WILL MAKES BATHERS TO HAVE SOME MODERATE EXERCISE BEFORE THEY GET TO BATHS. PALAESTRAS (EXERCISE YARD) INTERIOR
12. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ CALIDARIUM A HOT ROOM WITH A HOT POOL OF WATER – 35M DIAMETER. THIS POOLS HELPS TO OPEN THE BATHERS PORES AND ALSO HELP THEM TO SWEATS. A wing of the underground levels under the caldarium. The large dimensions of the galleries derived from the necessity to bring in horse-drawn wagons full of wood. INTERIOR
13. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ TEPIDERIUM A WARM ROOM ALSO A PLACE WHERE THE BATHERS CAN HAVE A MASSAGE AND BODY HAIR REMOVED. BECOME THE MOST BUSY PLACE BECAUSE OF THE ACTIVITIES. INTERIOR
14. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ FRIGIDARIUM IS A COLD ROOM. THIS PLACE FUNCTIONED TO CLOSED THE PORES AND GET THE FINAL CLEANING STEP IN OVERALL BATHING STEPS. INTERIOR
15. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ NATATIO IS AN OPEN AIR SWIMMING POOL. THIS PLACE FUNCTIONED AS A PLACE FOR RELAX AND REFRESH THE BODY OF THE BATHERS. INTERIOR
16. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ GARDENS GARDENS THAT CONSIST STATUES, FOUNTAIN AND ANY OTHERS FEATURES. AFTER BATHING, PEOPLE CAN WALK AROUND THE GARDEN AFTER A TYPICAL DAY. SURROUNDINGS
17. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ GYMNASIA AND ADJACENT FACILITIES FROM THE MAIN BUILDING. PLACE WHERE PEOPLE HAVE EXERCISE SIMILAR TO PRESENT GYMNASIUM. SURROUNDINGS
18. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ STUDY ROOM OR A LIBRARIES FOR PEOPLE FACILITIES. HAVE TWO SEPARATED LIBRARIES WHICH IS ONE FOR LATIN AND ANOTHER FOR GREEK LANGUAGE. SURROUNDINGS
19. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ THE BUILDING HAVE TWO LEVELS WHICH IS THE LOWER LEVEL IS A PLACE FOR THE SYSTEM USED TO HEATING SEVERAL ROOMS AND ALSO FOR THE DRAINAGE. UPPER LEVEL IS A PLACE WHERE ALL FEATURES LIKE STATUE AND FOUNTAIN LOCATED AND FOR ALL HUMAN ACTIVITIES. SECTION
20.
21. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ THE MAIN BUILDING CLEARLY SURROUNDED BY THE GARDEN. THE STRUCTURE IS MADE OUT FROM TOUGH BRICKS AND A MARBLE MATERIALS LIKE MOSAIC. ELEVATION
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24. FROM THE SCHEMATIC PLAN CONSTRUCTED WE CAN SEE THAT THE BUILDING HAVE A BALANCE SIDES AND IN LINEAR ORGANISATION. ONE SIDE FOR MENS AND ANOTHER SIDE FOR WOMENS DEPARTMENT. THE IMPORTANT ROOMS OF APODYTERIUM AND PALAESTRAS IS AT THE SAME SIZED AND LOCATION AT THE TWO SIDES. AND THE CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM AND NATATIO LOCATED IN LINE AT THE CENTRE OF THE MAIN BUILDING. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ ANALYSIS OF PLAN
25. Bath Of Caracalla_______________________ THE BUILDING IS CONSTRUCTED WITH THE BEST BUILDING CIRCULATION. BUT THIS BATH OF CARACALLA DOES NOT FUNCTION AS A PUBLIC BATH ONLY. IT ALSO FUNCTION AS A SOCIAL CENTRE WHERE BUSINESS AND TRADES ALSO HAPPENED AMONG PEOPLE HERE. WE CAN SAY THAT THIS BUILDING FUNCTIONED LIKE A LEISURE MALL IN THIS PRESENT. 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 ANALYSIS OF CIRCULATION
![THERMES DE CARACALLA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bathsofcaracalla-100715140952-phpapp02/85/Baths-of-caracalla-1-320.jpg)
![HISTORY OF BATHS OF CARACALLA ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)