Architecture lesson #2 thermae caracallae
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The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were large public baths constructed between 212-216 AD during the reign of Emperor Caracalla. The complex featured rooms for changing, exercise, warming up, bathing, and cooling down. It could accommodate over 1,600 bathers and also had space for entertainment. While bathing was a daily activity for Romans, the Baths of Caracalla were on a grand scale and included features like underground furnaces, pools, and mosaics.
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Great baths, Thermae of Carcalla!
The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were large public baths built between AD 212-216. The 27 acre complex could accommodate 2000 bathers and included gardens, libraries, and exercise areas in addition to the bathing rooms. Bathers would progress between cold, warm, and hot rooms for bathing rituals before relaxing in other areas. The thermae were heated via an underground hypocaust system and fueled by the nearby aqueduct, providing bathing facilities for Romans daily.
Roman baths
Roman baths were an important social and recreational center in Roman culture where citizens could bathe and socialize for a reasonable fee. They featured spaces for bathing, exercise, and entertainment with ornate decorations. The largest was the Baths of Caracalla in Rome, which could accommodate thousands of visitors daily and featured marble, mosaics, and art but later fell into disrepair.
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The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were started in 206 AD under Emperor Septimius Severus and inaugurated in 217 AD under Emperor Caracalla. The large baths could accommodate between 1,600 and 3,000 bathers and featured rooms for bathing, exercise, and other activities. They were an important public construction as they provided Roman citizens a place to relax and socialize.
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Roman public baths were an important social institution where people would go to bathe, exercise, and socialize. There were separate facilities for men and women. Small baths were called balnea while larger more luxurious ones were known as thermae. The Romans improved upon Greek baths by adding underfloor heating systems called hypocausts to warm the rooms. Bathers would progress through different temperature rooms, starting with warm tepidarium, then hot caldarium, and finishing with a cold plunge in the frigidarium. Seneca complained the nearby baths were very noisy with people exercising and getting massages.
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This document summarizes the three main Greek architectural orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. It describes the key characteristics of each order, including the proportions of columns and entablatures. The Doric order is the simplest with unadorned columns. The Ionic order features scroll capitals and more ornamentation. The most ornate is the Corinthian order, known for its distinctive capitals with two rows of acanthus leaves and lots of detail. The document provides detailed information on dimensions and elements of each order type.
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Great baths, Thermae of Carcalla!
The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were large public baths built between AD 212-216. The 27 acre complex could accommodate 2000 bathers and included gardens, libraries, and exercise areas in addition to the bathing rooms. Bathers would progress between cold, warm, and hot rooms for bathing rituals before relaxing in other areas. The thermae were heated via an underground hypocaust system and fueled by the nearby aqueduct, providing bathing facilities for Romans daily.
Roman baths
Roman baths were an important social and recreational center in Roman culture where citizens could bathe and socialize for a reasonable fee. They featured spaces for bathing, exercise, and entertainment with ornate decorations. The largest was the Baths of Caracalla in Rome, which could accommodate thousands of visitors daily and featured marble, mosaics, and art but later fell into disrepair.
The Roman Baths
The Baths of Caracalla in Rome were started in 206 AD under Emperor Septimius Severus and inaugurated in 217 AD under Emperor Caracalla. The large baths could accommodate between 1,600 and 3,000 bathers and featured rooms for bathing, exercise, and other activities. They were an important public construction as they provided Roman citizens a place to relax and socialize.
Chapter 7 Roman Baths
Roman public baths were an important social institution where people would go to bathe, exercise, and socialize. There were separate facilities for men and women. Small baths were called balnea while larger more luxurious ones were known as thermae. The Romans improved upon Greek baths by adding underfloor heating systems called hypocausts to warm the rooms. Bathers would progress through different temperature rooms, starting with warm tepidarium, then hot caldarium, and finishing with a cold plunge in the frigidarium. Seneca complained the nearby baths were very noisy with people exercising and getting massages.
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The Pantheon in Rome was commissioned in 118-126 CE and has remained remarkably well preserved. It has a large central dome with an oculus opening and a diameter of 43.3 meters. The dome is the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The Pantheon was an important architectural achievement due to its geometric proportions and use of concrete construction techniques.
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This document summarizes the three main Greek architectural orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. It describes the key characteristics of each order, including the proportions of columns and entablatures. The Doric order is the simplest with unadorned columns. The Ionic order features scroll capitals and more ornamentation. The most ornate is the Corinthian order, known for its distinctive capitals with two rows of acanthus leaves and lots of detail. The document provides detailed information on dimensions and elements of each order type.
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Rome thermae
Thermae were large public baths in ancient Rome that served as places for bathing, exercise, and social gathering. They typically included areas for physical activity, shops, and rooms for hot, warm, and cold baths. Two examples are described: Caracalla Thermae, built in 212-216 AD, which became a luxurious complex with many mosaics; and Titus Thermae, constructed by Emperor Titus to lift spirits after disasters, accommodating 1,600 people with splendid decorations including mosaics, paintings, and sculptures.
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The Thermae of Caracalla was a large public bathhouse constructed in Rome between 212-216 CE under the emperor Caracalla. At over 412 by 393 meters, it was one of the largest bathhouses in the Roman Empire. It featured rooms for bathing of different temperatures, as well as palaestras for exercise and a library. The baths were supplied water via the Aqua Marcia aqueduct and featured a hypocaust system for heating the rooms. The baths remained in use until the 6th century when they fell into disrepair.
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The Romans built extensive aqueduct systems to transport water from distant sources into cities and towns, using gravity to move the water through stone or concrete conduits. Aqueducts supplied public baths, latrines, fountains and private homes. Underground cisterns stored water from aqueducts for use in baths, fountains and other structures. Cities like Rome had hundreds of kilometers of aqueducts to provide water. Baths were important social centers with hot, warm and cold pools, and sometimes exercise areas.
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Ancient Roman baths provided places for people to relax, cleanse themselves, and socialize. The baths were heated using a sophisticated water and heating system consisting of furnaces and underground pipes that circulated hot air and water. Different baths were designated for different classes and statuses of people, though all went without clothing.
History of Architecture- Lesson 10: From Rome to Constantinopole
This document provides information about the evolution of building types from ancient Rome to Constantinople. It describes the layout of Roman baths from the 2nd-3rd century CE, including areas for bathing, changing, and exercise. It then discusses how after Constantine's legalization of Christianity in the 4th century, centrally planned and basilica-style buildings were adapted from Roman designs for new uses like mausoleums, baptisteries, and churches. Floor plans and images show examples of these building types from Constantinople between the 5th-12th centuries CE.
San Francisco Palace of Fine Arts
The Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco continues a tradition of circular temple architecture that can be traced back to ancient Greece. Specifically, it emulates the tholos, a circular structure with a ring of columns surrounding a domed roof. While originally intended to gradually fall into ruin to symbolize the impermanence of human achievement, the Palace instead crumbled in an unsightly way. In the 1960s it was completely rebuilt using more permanent materials while striving to accurately recreate the original design, ensuring its legacy would continue for generations.
Chapter 11 hit the concrete
The document discusses key aspects of Roman architecture such as concrete, vaults, arches, columns, temples, basilicas, aqueducts, and roads. It emphasizes how the Romans advanced the use of concrete and vaults/arches to create larger and stronger structures like the Colosseum, Circus Maximus, and Pantheon. The Pantheon in particular showcased the Roman mastery of the concrete dome, which remains one of the largest masonry domes ever constructed. Other structures discussed include aqueducts, which transported water into Rome via a system of channels and castella, and roads that connected the far reaches of the Roman Empire.
Chapter 11 hit the concrete
The document discusses key aspects of Roman architecture such as concrete, vaults, arches, columns, temples, basilicas, aqueducts, and roads. It emphasizes how the Romans advanced the use of concrete and vaults/arches to create larger and stronger structures like the Colosseum, Circus Maximus, and Pantheon. The Pantheon in particular showcased the Roman mastery of the concrete dome, which remains one of the largest masonry domes ever constructed. Other structures discussed include temples, basilicas, aqueducts, and the advanced road network that expanded the Roman Empire.
Presentazione Roma
Piazza Navona is a city square in Rome built on the site of the ancient Roman Stadium of Domitian. It features famous fountains and architectural works by Bernini and Borromini. The square has hosted events for centuries and remains a popular site for tourists and locals.
Presentazione Roma
Piazza Navona is a city square in Rome that was originally built as the site of the Stadium of Domitian in the 1st century AD. It now features famous fountains and buildings from the Baroque era, including Bernini's Fountain of the Four Rivers. The square has hosted various events throughout its history and remains a prominent site in Rome.
Ra coloseum & pantheon
The Roman Colosseum was built between 70-80 AD during the reign of Emperor Vespasian. It could hold over 50,000 spectators and hosted gladiator battles and animal hunts. The Pantheon temple was rebuilt in 126 AD by Hadrian after a fire and has a magnificent interior space achieved through a dome over a drum with coffering and an oculus opening. Roman architecture was influenced by Greek styles but emphasized arches, columns, aqueducts and other innovations to create large public structures that are still standing today.
The Burden of Glory: The Art of the High & Late Roman Empire
This document provides an overview of aqueducts, cities, and daily life in the Roman Empire. It discusses how the Romans built aqueducts to supply water to large cities like Rome, which had 11 aqueducts. An example discussed is the Pont du Gard aqueduct near Nimes, France, which supplied water from a source 30 miles away. The document also describes the layout of Roman cities like Pompeii, including structures like temples, forums, and amphitheaters. It provides details on preserving Pompeii through plaster casts of things buried in the volcanic eruption like bodies and artifacts. Daily life is explored through descriptions of shops, baths and homes uncovered at Pompeii.
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Arh2050 the burden of glory art of the high & late roman empire
Arh2050 the burden of glory art of the high & late roman empire
History of Architecture- Lesson 10: From Rome to Constantinopole
History of Architecture- Lesson 10: From Rome to Constantinopole
The Burden of Glory: The Art of the High & Late Roman Empire
The Burden of Glory: The Art of the High & Late Roman Empire
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Mythology lesson 11 mercury (hermes)
Hermes is the Greek god of boundaries, travel, trade, thievery, and communication. He is the messenger of the gods and son of Zeus and Maia. He is often depicted with winged sandals and hat, and carrying the caduceus. As a youth, Hermes invented the lyre from a tortoise shell and exchanged it with Apollo for stolen cattle. He serves as a psychopomp, guiding souls to the Underworld. Hermes later helped the gods and blurred gender boundaries as the father of Hermaphroditus, who combined male and female forms. In Rome, he was worshipped as Mercury and took on additional roles related to commerce.
Test 31 33 review
The document contains a review of Latin vocabulary from chapters 31-33 including conjugations and declensions of various verbs and nouns. It also contains questions about early Roman history including the founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus, their adoption by a she-wolf, and various kings who ruled Rome like Tullus Hostilius. It asks about the mythology of the Olympian gods and heroes like Heracles.
Mythology lesson 12 venus (aphrodite)
Venus (Aphrodite) was the Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure and procreation. She was depicted as a beautiful woman often accompanied by Eros. She was married to Hephaestus but had numerous affairs, most notably with Ares. She had many myths associated with her including her birth from sea foam, her jealousy of Psyche's beauty that led to Psyche's tasks, and her love for the mortal Adonis that ended in his death.
Mythology lesson 11 mercury (hermes)
Hermes is the Greek god of boundaries, travel, trade, thievery, and communication. He acts as the messenger of the gods. As the son of Zeus and Maia, he was born in a cave and fashioned the first lyre from a tortoise shell. Known for his speed and trickery, Hermes engages in humorous escapades like stealing Apollo's cattle. He later becomes associated with guiding souls to the underworld. In Roman mythology, he takes on the name Mercury and becomes a patron of merchants due to associations with trade and profit.
Mythology lesson 10 diana (artemis)
Leto gave birth to Diana (Artemis) on the island of Delos after being forced to wander by Hera. Diana later helped deliver her twin brother Apollo. Niobe boasted that she deserved more tribute than Leto since she had more children, angering Diana and Apollo who killed all of Niobe's children. Diana was the virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, and childbirth often depicted carrying a bow and arrow. She had symbols including deer, cypress trees, and the crescent moon.
Mythology lesson 9 apollo
This document provides information about the Greek god Apollo through a series of sections: [1] Apollo's birth and early life, including his mother Leto's difficult pregnancy and his twin sister Artemis; [2] Apollo's attributes and symbols as the god of reason, music, prophecy, medicine and the sun; [3] Apollo's killing of the serpent Python and establishment of the Oracle at Delphi; [4] Apollo's role in various myths including the death of Niobe's children and the Trojan War.
Mythology lesson 8 minerva (athena)
Athena was the Greek goddess of wisdom, war, arts, and justice. She was born from Zeus's forehead fully grown and armed after he swallowed her mother Metis. Her birth established her close bond with Zeus and showed her prowess, wisdom, and masculine nature as a virgin. She was depicted in the Parthenon and had titles like Tritogeneia and Pallas Athena. The Roman goddess Minerva was equivalent to Athena and was the goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom and crafts.
Mythology lesson 7 ceres (demeter)
Demeter was the Greek goddess of the harvest and agriculture. One of the most famous myths about her involves Hades abducting her daughter Persephone. This caused Demeter to place a drought on the earth. She later established the Eleusinian Mysteries, a series of secret religious rites and ceremonies held annually in the city of Eleusis in honor of her and Persephone. The document then provides details about the myths, symbols, and rituals associated with Demeter and the Eleusinian Mysteries, including their spread to Rome.
Mythology lesson 6 vesta (hestia)
Hestia was the Greek goddess of the hearth, home, and family. She was one of the original Olympian gods but gave up her seat to Dionysus to maintain harmony. Hestia vowed eternal virginity and became the goddess of the sacred hearth fire, which was an important symbol for daily needs and religious ceremonies in primitive societies. In Rome, every home had a tribute to Hestia and other household gods like the Lares and Penates, who protected the family and Roman state. The Vestal Virgins tended the sacred public hearth fire in the Temple of Vesta in Rome.
Mythology lesson 5 pluto (hades)
Hades was the god of the Underworld and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He abducted Persephone, daughter of Zeus and Demeter, making her his wife and queen of the Underworld. This caused Demeter to lament and stop crops from growing, until Zeus intervened to have Persephone return part of each year. The realm of Hades included rivers like Acheron and Styx, the dog Cerberus guarding the entrance, and places like Elysium for heroes and Tartarus for punishment of sinners.
Mythology lesson 13 mars (ares)
Ares was the Greek god of war, violence, and bloodlust. He represented the brutality of war in contrast to his half-sister Athena, who represented tactical warfare. Ares had affairs that resulted in children representing war-like concepts. In battle, Ares usually fought for the Trojans but switched sides when his son was killed fighting for the Greeks. Mars was the Roman equivalent of Ares, seen as a defender and representing war as a means to peace.
Architecture lesson #6 theatrum marcelli
The Theater of Marcellus was an ancient open-air theater in Rome built and named after Marcus Claudius Marcellus, who died before its completion. Finished in 17 BC, it could hold up to 14,000 spectators and hosted drama and song performances. Over time it was used as a fortress and later had apartments built atop its ruins, with surroundings now used for small concerts.
Architecture lesson #5 sepulcra romana
The document discusses Roman burial practices and tomb architecture. It describes how Romans practiced both cremation and inhumation, though burial became more popular over time. Wealthy Romans had elaborate tombs, sometimes in unusual shapes like pyramids. The tomb of Caecilia Metella along the Appian Way was a large cylinder that held her burial casket and dominated the landscape. The tomb of the baker Eurysaces had detailed reliefs showing bread making and was one of the largest freedmen monuments.
Architecture lesson #4 circus maximus
The Circus Maximus was the largest and most important chariot racing arena in ancient Rome. Built in the 6th century BC, it could hold over 270,000 spectators and featured starting gates, tiered seating, and an central dividing barrier decorated with monuments. Chariot races with teams of different colored factions competing were hugely popular spectator events, though dangerous for participants. The arena fell out of use in the 6th century AD.
Architecture lesson #3 the pantheon
The Pantheon was originally built in 27 BCE as a temple honoring all gods, with the name coming from the Greek words for "all" and "god." It was rebuilt in 126 CE under Emperor Hadrian and has a circular structure under a dome opening to the sky, making it the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome nearly 2,000 years later. It was later converted to a church in the 7th century CE and remains one of the best preserved buildings from ancient Rome.
Architecture lesson #7 arcus titi
The Arch of Titus is one of two remaining arches in Rome built in honor of Emperor Titus to commemorate his siege of Jerusalem. Emperor Domitian built the arch in 81 AD after Titus' death. The arch depicts reliefs from Titus' triumphal procession including spoils from the second temple. Over time the arch deteriorated and was restored in the 19th century to preserve its original design.
amphitheatrum flavium
The Colosseum in Rome was the largest amphitheater ever built in the Roman Empire, seating 50,000 spectators. Constructed in the 1st century AD under Emperors Vespasian and Titus, it hosted gladiatorial fights and executions. Throughout its history, it was damaged by fires, earthquakes, and later used as a quarry for materials like marble and stone for other buildings such as St. Peter's Basilica and the defenses of the Tiber River.
Neptune
1) Poseidon is the Greek god of the sea and water who carries a trident.
2) He is known as the "Earthshaker" due to his ability to cause earthquakes and flooding with his trident.
3) In a contest with Athena to be the patron god of Athens, Poseidon created a salt water spring while Athena created the olive tree, so the Athenians chose Athena.
Juno
Juno was the wife and sister of Jupiter and queen of the gods. She was the mother of Mars and Vulcan and was particularly worshipped in Rome as a patron goddess. Juno often took on a warlike appearance and was portrayed as both majestic and vengeful, seeking to thwart those who offended her like Aeneas in Virgil's Aeneid. She also took actions against Zeus's lovers and offspring like Heracles, using tricks and violence in attempts to kill him.
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1. Curreny name of India and dubai
2. Conversions amount
3. Total Converted amount
4. cost of food
5. cost of sightseeing
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B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。乌龟和王八贼头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡水
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Architecture lesson #2 thermae caracallae
- 1. THERMAE CARACALLAE The Baths of Caracalla
- 2. THERMAE Latin for ‘public baths’ most Romans did not have the modern concept of a bathroom in their private homes very wealthy Roman might elect to have baths in their home; however, many did not because of issues with sewage backing up (baths in a private home were called BALENEA) Romans had pipes and running water
- 4. THERMAE Romans would visit the THERMAE daily to bathe There was a small entrance fee to use the THERMAE Romans did not invent THERMAE; Greeks did Romans improved upon heating of THERMAE through invention of hypocaust, a system of burning coal and wood underneath the ground to heat water provided by a dedicated aqueduct. It was in use up to the 19th century
- 5. HYPOCAUST
- 6. BATHING Bathers would enter the bath house and pay a small fee to a slave at the entrance Order of Bath Apodyterium (changing room) Palaestra (exercise yard) Tepidarium (warm room) Caldarium (hot room) Frigidarium (cold room)
- 7. APODYTERIUM Changing Room - Bathers left clothes in cubby holes, many brought slaves with them to the baths to guard their clothes as bath houses were the typical haunts of theives
- 8. PALAESTRA Exercise Yard Wrestling Running Weight Lifting Boxing
- 9. mosaic of women exercising in palaestra
- 10. Tepidarium Warm Room Bathers sat on marble benches and gently perspired
- 11. Caldarium Hot Room Bathers would wallow in pool of hot water Labrum of cool water at opposite end for refreshing Massages Hair plucking Cleaning with olive oil and strigils
- 12. Romans did not have soap. They used olive oil instead.
- 13. Frigidarium Cold Room Bathers took plunge in pool of unheated water to close pores.
- 14. THERMAE AND BALENEAE 11 imperial baths 856 public baths unknown number of private baths
- 15. The Baths of Caracalla in Rome, Italy were Roman public baths, or thermae, built in Rome between AD 212 and 216, during the reign of the Emperor Caracalla.
- 16. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (188 – 217) Nicknamed Caracalla Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious emperors because of the massacres and persecutions he authorized throughout the empire. He also arranged for the murder of his brother Geta in order to gain sole control of the Empire.
- 17. The Caracalla bath complex of buildings was more a leisure center than just a series of baths.
- 19. The entire bath building was on a 6 meter (20 ft) high raised platform to allow for storage and furnaces under the building
- 21. The baths consisted of a frigidarium (cold room), a double pool tepidarium (warm), and a caldarium (hot room), as well as two palaestras (gyms where wrestling and boxing was practiced).
- 22. FRIGIDARIUM
- 24. The largest room, the vaulted tepidarium, measured 82 by 170 feet. The inside height of the tepidarium has been estimated at 125 feet
- 26. The north end of the bath building contained a natatio or swimming pool. The natatio was roofless with bronze mirrors mounted overhead to direct sunlight into the pool area.
- 27. NATATIO
- 28. Mosaic Floors
- 30. Reconstructions of interior of the Baths of Caracalla PirroLigorio. Map of Rome. 16th century. Baths of Caracalla highlighted in RED
- 31. Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. Reconstruction drawing of Frigidarium of Baths of Caracalla. 1867
- 32. 1. Entrance | 2. Toilets | 3. Palaestra | 4. Apodyterium5. Tepidarium | 6. Caldarium | 7. Frigidarium | 8. Entertainment9. Art | 10. Food
- 34. In the many years of its greatness, the complex must have been staggering both in size and opulence: it originally accommodated some 1,600 bathers as well as other activities such as sports and theatricals.
- 35. The Baths of Caracalla (reconstructive drawing from 1899)
- 36. In the fifth century the baths are named among the marvels of Rome and there is evidence of restoration in the sixth century, but their use must have been rendered impossible when the aqueducts were cut by the Goths in 537 A.D.
- 37. -Italians still use the Termedi Caracalla to put on plays