The document discusses the structure and function of nerve cells (neurons). It defines the nerve cell as the basic unit of the nervous system. The key parts of a nerve cell are then enumerated and defined, including the cell body, nucleus, dendrites, axon, axon terminals, node of Ranvier, Schwann's cells, myelin sheath. Nerve cells allow communication between different parts of the body through electrical signaling along their axons and at synaptic connections. They are essential for controlling functions throughout the nervous system.

1. THE NERVE CELL
BY: LEONEL V. RIVAS
The pictures and video in this presentation is not mine and all its credits in all forms remains to

2. LESSON OBJECTIVE
• Define nerve cell
• Enumerate and define the basic parts of a nerve cell
• Explain the importance of nerve cells
• Draw and label the parts of a nerve cell

3. THE NERVE CELL
•The nerve cell is the basic unit of the
nervous system.
•Nerve cells are called neurons.
•There are billions of neurons in the body.
Some exist alone. Others are joined
together to form organs like the brain and
spinal cord.

4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FT44xI92LCU

5. • Cell body
The cell body is the spherical part of the neuron
that contains the nucleus and connects to the
dendrites, which bring information into the neuron,
and the axon, which sends information to other
neurons.
The job of the cell body is to control all of the
functions of the cell.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

6. • Nucleus
The Nucleus of a neuron is an oval shaped
membrane-bound structure found in the soma or
body of the neuron.
It contains the nucleolus and chromosomes,
necessary for the coded production of proteins
within the cell.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

7. • Dendrites
Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"),
also dendrons,
are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve
cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation
received from other neural cells to the cell body, or
soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

8. • Axon
An axon, or nerve fiber, is a long slender projection
of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical
impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.
Axons are in effect the primary transmission lines
of the nervous system, and as bundles they help
make up nerves.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

9. • Axon terminals
The axonal terminals are specialized to release the
neurotransmitters of the presynaptic cell. The
terminals release transmitter substances into a gap
called the synaptic cleft between the terminals and
the dendrites of the next neuron.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

10. • Node of Ranvier
Node of Ranvier, periodic gap in the insulating
sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that
serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve
impulses.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

11. • Schwann’s Cells
Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes are the
principal glia of the peripheral nervous system
(PNS). ... Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around
axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the
myelin sheath.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

12. • Myelin Sheath
The Myelin Sheath of a neuron consists of fat-
containing cells that insulate the axon from
electrical activity. This insulation acts to increase
the rate of transmission of signals. A gap exists
between each myelin sheath cell along the axon.
PARTS OF THE NERVE CELL

13. QUIZ
•Read and understand the questions
carefully and write your answer on
your quiz notebook.

14. •1. What is a nerve cell?
•2-9. Enumerate and define the parts of a nerve
cell.
•10. Explain the importance of a nerve cell.
•11-20. Draw and label the parts of a nerve cell.
QUIZ

15. • 1.