Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy body tissues. This can lead to autoimmune diseases, which affect around 5% of people in developed countries. There are two main types of autoimmune diseases - organ-specific diseases that target a single organ, and systemic diseases that affect multiple organs. Some common autoimmune diseases include chronic thyroiditis, pernicious anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Many autoimmune diseases are treated with steroids or other immunosuppressant drugs to reduce immune system activity.
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease".
Autoimmune DIseases : Types, Mechanism, Diagnosis, TreatmentDr Mehul Dave
This is a presentation useful to learners of immunology as well as acadeicians. Useful in undergraduate as well as postgraduate courses. NEET students/Teachers can also get advantage of it.
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease".
Autoimmune DIseases : Types, Mechanism, Diagnosis, TreatmentDr Mehul Dave
This is a presentation useful to learners of immunology as well as acadeicians. Useful in undergraduate as well as postgraduate courses. NEET students/Teachers can also get advantage of it.
Common dermatologic disorders systemic lupus erythematosusDr. Faramarz Didar
SLE or lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body.
The immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
Characteristic facial rash of SLE is a butterfly rash which spread from one side of nose to other side.
It is very important to diagnose this Rash and SLE in patients who attend a cosmetic Clinic in order to solve their facial disfiguration. SLE butterfly facial rash is resistant to treatment by variety of cosmetic procedures like ablative and non-ablative laser, IPL , chemical peel and PRP. The diagnosis of SLE and systemic treatment od this disease is paramount to cosmetic approach. Cosmetic practitioner should have a broad knowledge of dermatological disorder and relevant approach to them.
Common dermatologic disorders systemic lupus erythematosusDr. Faramarz Didar
SLE or lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body.
The immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
Characteristic facial rash of SLE is a butterfly rash which spread from one side of nose to other side.
It is very important to diagnose this Rash and SLE in patients who attend a cosmetic Clinic in order to solve their facial disfiguration. SLE butterfly facial rash is resistant to treatment by variety of cosmetic procedures like ablative and non-ablative laser, IPL , chemical peel and PRP. The diagnosis of SLE and systemic treatment od this disease is paramount to cosmetic approach. Cosmetic practitioner should have a broad knowledge of dermatological disorder and relevant approach to them.
this research is made by a dental student (me) under supervision of our oral medicine specialist dr. muhassad almudhafer and this research is collected from several articles hope u like it
this my email if u would like to contact me - mnmmnz4503.mm@gmail.com
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
2. INTRODUCTION
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an
organism against its own healthy cells and tissues
Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune
response is termed as autoimmune disease
Auto immune disease affect 5 percent of North
Americans and Europeans, a majority of them being
women
3. TYPES OF AUTO-IMMUNE
DISEASES-
Organ-specific diseases – are one in which an immune
response is directed towards antigens in a single organ
Systemic diseases – are those which affect multiple
organs or glands
6. CHRONIC THYROIDITIS
Also called Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a disease of
thyroid mainly affects the women of age group 30-50
years
Eventual atrophy of the thyroid gland results in
hypothyroidism
Immune targets in this are thyroid peroxidase,
thyroglobulin and second colloid antigen
It affect 0.1-5 percent adults
8. TREATMENT
Detection of high levels of antibodies against
thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase in the patient’s
blood
9. PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA
In this the human body does not make enough red blood
cells due to lack of vitamin B12 in the body
Usually occurs in individuals who have lost the ability to
absorb vitamin B12 from food
It is named pernicious anaemia because it was fatal
during ancient times when its cause had not been
discovered
10. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Weakness, loss of appetite, pallor, fatigue and weight
loss
It is treated with injections of vitamin B12
11. AUTOIMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC
ANAEMIA
It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that attack red blood cells
as if they were foreign to the antibody
Divided into two groups depending on their physical properties- warm antibodies
and cold agglutinins
Warm antibodies react with red blood cells under warm conditions(37°C) while cold
agglutinins at below 37ºC
12. TREATMENT
In patient’s with advanced auto immune heamolytic
anaemia, a corticosteroid such as prednisone is usually
recommended
If the patient does not respond to this drug or it causes
side affects then splenectomy is often the best option
13. DRUG- INDUCED HAEMOLYTIC
ANAEMIA
It occurs when a drug causes the body’s immune system
to react against red blood cells
Drugs that induces this disease are cephalosporins,
quinidine, levodopa, apart from penicillin and
methyldopa
14. THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
It is a life threatening disorder that was first described
by Moschcowitz in 1924
It results from the destruction of platelets by
autoantibodies
For untreated patients, the mortality rate is
approximately 95 percent
15. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Petechia(skin spots due to ruptured blood vessels )
Gingivitis(bleeding gums)
Bleeding in the genitourinary tracts
In this splenectomy is recommended for treatment
16. GOODPASTURE SYNDROME
It is named after Goodpasture, who first described this
disorder in 1919
He reported this as a case of pulmonary haemorrhage
during in influenza epidemic
It affect lungs and kidneys
This disease affects all age groups
17. SYMPTOMS
Kidney and pulmonary damage
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Heamolysis
Death often causes within several months of initiation
18. INSULIN DEPENDANT
DIABETES MELLITUS
Also called type 1 diabetes caused by the immunological
destruction of the pancreas
Immune system targets insulin, hsp60 and glutamic acid
decarboxylase of the islets of Langerhans
It affects about 1 person out of every 500 in a
population
19. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Patients of type 1 diabetes may lose as much as 6.8 kg
weight within two weeks
Cardiovascular diseases
Kidney problems
Treatment is patients require daily insulin injections
20. GRAVES’ DISEASE
It is named after Robert Graves, the physician who first
described this form of hyperthyroidism
It is often associated with the inflammation, swelling
and bulging of the eyes
It results from the overproduction of thyroid
hormones(thyroxine)
22. TREATMENT
Anti- thyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil or
methimazole
Surgical or radioactive ablation of the gland is also
effective
A Graves’ susceptibility gene has recently been localized
on chromosome 20
23. MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
This name literally means ‘grave muscle weakness in
Greek
It’s a chronic disease results from faulty neuromuscular
transmission
In this, antibodies are produced against the
acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction
These Abs destroy the receptors, preventing muscle
contraction
24. CONTINUED…
It may be transmitted to the foetus from the mother
through the passage of autoantibodies across the
placenta
The female to male ratio is 3:2
25. SYMPTOMS
Difficulty in chewing and swallowing
Difficulty in breathing
Eventually death from respiratory failure
26. SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS
Lupus is a condition characterized by chronic
inflammation of body tissues
It can be inferred from the name that is it affects many
parts of the body
The ratio of female to male patients is 10:1
The characteristic feature of SLE is called Malar rash
that is butterfly rash on cheeks
27. CONTINUED…
Patients of SLE have 10-15 autoantibodies of different
specificities including that against DNA, RNA, RBCs,
platelets, thrombin, mitochondria, lysosomes and
ribosomes
28. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMANT
Skin rashes
Malaise
Fever
Lethargy
Weight loss
Non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs called aspirin
while steroidal called cortisone are useful in treatment
29. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
It is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease affecting
mainly women
It affects the smaller joints, such as hands, knees or
ankles
Individuals faces difficulty in carrying out normal
activities like standing, walking etc
About 2 million people in USA are affected
30. SYMPTOMS
Weight loss
Malaise
Fever
Fatigue
Weakness
Respiratory systems are also affected
31. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
It is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease that affects
the central nervous system
The name multiple sclerosis refers to the occurrence of
several scleroses(lesions) in the white matter of the CNS
It affects the neurons in the brain and spinal cord
32. CONTINUED…
The immune system targets multiple myelin antigens,
including myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein and
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Usually people between the age of 20-40 are affected
33. SYMPTOMS
Motor weakness
Ataxia(uncontrolled movement of limbs)
Impaired vision
Urinary bladder dysfunction
Mental aberration
34. SCLERODERMA
It is a rare autoimmune disease that affects mainly
women between the age of 35-54
The name sclero means hard and derma means skin
The three major forms are- diffuse type and limited
type(systemic forms means affecting multiple organs)
whereas linear form is localized to the skin
35. CONTINUED…
Individual of this disease develop CREST syndrome. It is an acronym for five
symptoms-
• Calcinosis-calcium deposits in the skin
• Reynauld’s phenomenon- abnormal blood flow in response to stress or cold
• Esophageal dysfunction- involving difficulty in swallowing
37. SYMPTOMS
Gradual lightening of the skin(hands, feet and face)
Systemic form affects multiple organs like kidney,
heart, lungs etc
38. GUILLIAN-BARRE SYNDROME
It is named after two French physicians Guillian and
Barre who, in 1916 reported the nature of this paralytic
illness
It commonly occurs after an infectious disease(like
measles) or after a vaccination(like influenza)
The cause of this disease involves antibody and T-cell
mediated damage to nerve tissues
39. CONTINUED…
Most patients recover normal function in 6-10 months
It is also known as acute idiopathic polyneuritis
40. SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Fever
Malaise
Progressive weakness leading to paralysis
Plasmapheresis or plasma exchange therapy which
exchanges the offending antibodies and immune
complex containing plasma with normal or frozen
serum, is beneficial