This document discusses allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. It defines allergy as an immune reaction to substances that do not normally affect most people. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, pet dander, food, insect stings, and medicines. It describes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions (Type I-IV) based on their mechanisms and time course. Type I reactions are immediate and can involve skin, eyes, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. The document outlines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis.
Allergic rhinitis- Signs & symptoms, treatment & home remediesAchoudhury Bngn
Allergic rhinitis occurs seasonally or year-round.
Diagnosis involves history-taking, examination of the nasal passages and sometimes skin testing.
Over 400 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis around the world, which to a large extent remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
In the United States it affects between 10-30% of the adult general population and up to 40% of children, making it the fifth most common chronic disease. Unfortunately the health and economic impact of allergic rhinitis historically has been grossly underestimated and it is only recently that rhinitis has been recognized as a serious issue with epidemic proportions. Direct medical costs in The US increased from $6.1 billion in 2000 to $11.2 billion in 2005, with an estimated productivity decrease of $600 per employee yearly; this cost is greater than diabetes, coronary heart disease and asthma. Indirect losses represent an even heavier burden in societies with emerging economies. In eight countries in the Asia Pacific region, the annual per-patient direct costs ranged from the equivalent of US$ 108 to US$ 1,010.62 Total per-patient costs, including productivity costs, ranged from US$ 184 to US$ 1,189. Thus, the cost of allergic rhinitis is enormous and widely under-appreciated.
Allergic rhinitis- Signs & symptoms, treatment & home remediesAchoudhury Bngn
Allergic rhinitis occurs seasonally or year-round.
Diagnosis involves history-taking, examination of the nasal passages and sometimes skin testing.
Over 400 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis around the world, which to a large extent remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.
In the United States it affects between 10-30% of the adult general population and up to 40% of children, making it the fifth most common chronic disease. Unfortunately the health and economic impact of allergic rhinitis historically has been grossly underestimated and it is only recently that rhinitis has been recognized as a serious issue with epidemic proportions. Direct medical costs in The US increased from $6.1 billion in 2000 to $11.2 billion in 2005, with an estimated productivity decrease of $600 per employee yearly; this cost is greater than diabetes, coronary heart disease and asthma. Indirect losses represent an even heavier burden in societies with emerging economies. In eight countries in the Asia Pacific region, the annual per-patient direct costs ranged from the equivalent of US$ 108 to US$ 1,010.62 Total per-patient costs, including productivity costs, ranged from US$ 184 to US$ 1,189. Thus, the cost of allergic rhinitis is enormous and widely under-appreciated.
Aeroallergens are various airborne substances or inhalants, such as pollens, spores, and other biological or non-biological airborne particles that can cause allergic disorders.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
Eczema - A Case Presentation (by Dr. Julius King Kwedhi)Dr. Julius Kwedhi
Eczema: Come from the Greek name for boiling, a reference to the tiny vesicles (bubbles) that are commonly seen in the early acute stage of the disease
An immune-mediated inflammation of the skin arising from an interaction between genetic (e.g. epidermal barrier function, immune system) and environmental factors (foods, airborne allergens, Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin due to deficiencies in endogenous antimicrobial peptides, topical products)
The eczemas are a disparate group of diseases, but unified by the presence of itch and, in the acute stages, of oedema (spongiosis) in the epidermis
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. the presentation deals with the precautions to take, the preventive measures and the types of allergies. Causes of allergy and the common symptoms priovide the awareness whilst diagnosis of allergy is the preventive process.
For a majority of people the scalp is something they don't see so often gets ignored. There are several skin conditions that should not be looked over if your scalp is infected. Scalp infections can become very serious often leading to hair loss or significant amount of pain. Learn which common conditions are causing frustration to people in their daily lives.
Slide seminar on Cardiothoracic Pathology - IAPM Kerala 73rd meeting.drmkcp
IAPM kerala 73rd chapter meeting Slide seminar.
Topic -Cardiothracic Pathology
Moderator :Dr. Elizabeth Joseph MD,DNB.FRCPath
Professor & HOD
MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery
Aeroallergens are various airborne substances or inhalants, such as pollens, spores, and other biological or non-biological airborne particles that can cause allergic disorders.
www.petsgroomingtips.com is one of the front-runners in providing complete digital information to the pet owners, which would guide theme through various process of grooming their beloved kids. A shabby puppy or kitten not only appears dirty but soon infested with disease if not treated properly. Our various tutorials and free PDF guides cover every aspect of the grooming process.
Eczema - A Case Presentation (by Dr. Julius King Kwedhi)Dr. Julius Kwedhi
Eczema: Come from the Greek name for boiling, a reference to the tiny vesicles (bubbles) that are commonly seen in the early acute stage of the disease
An immune-mediated inflammation of the skin arising from an interaction between genetic (e.g. epidermal barrier function, immune system) and environmental factors (foods, airborne allergens, Staphylococcus aureus colonization on skin due to deficiencies in endogenous antimicrobial peptides, topical products)
The eczemas are a disparate group of diseases, but unified by the presence of itch and, in the acute stages, of oedema (spongiosis) in the epidermis
Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition characterised by an itchy red rash that favours the skin creases such as the folds of the elbows or behind the knees.
An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander. the presentation deals with the precautions to take, the preventive measures and the types of allergies. Causes of allergy and the common symptoms priovide the awareness whilst diagnosis of allergy is the preventive process.
For a majority of people the scalp is something they don't see so often gets ignored. There are several skin conditions that should not be looked over if your scalp is infected. Scalp infections can become very serious often leading to hair loss or significant amount of pain. Learn which common conditions are causing frustration to people in their daily lives.
Slide seminar on Cardiothoracic Pathology - IAPM Kerala 73rd meeting.drmkcp
IAPM kerala 73rd chapter meeting Slide seminar.
Topic -Cardiothracic Pathology
Moderator :Dr. Elizabeth Joseph MD,DNB.FRCPath
Professor & HOD
MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery
Slides for liver slide seminar,Pathology CME,Govt.Medical College, Kottayam.drmkcp
Liver slide seminar.
UPDATE ON LIVER BIOPSY
By
Dr Ranjini Kudva
Professor & Head
Dept of Pathology
Kasturba Medical College,
Manipal, Manipal University
Protein docking is used to check the structure, position and orientation of a protein when it interacts with small molecules like ligands. Protein receptor-ligand motifs fit together tightly, and are often referred to as a lock and key mechanism. There are both high specificity and induced fit within these interfaces with specificity increasing with rigidity. The foremost thing that we need to start with a docking search is the sequence of our protein of interest. (Halperin et al., 2002).
Protein-protein interactions occur between two proteins that are similar in size. The interface between the two molecules tends to be flatter and smoother than those in interfaces of these interactions do not have the ability to alter protein-ligand interactions. Protein-protein interactions are usually more rigid, the conformation in order to improve binding and ease movement. (Smith and Sternberg, 2002).
The process of drug development has revolved around a screening approach, as nobody knows which compound or approach could serve as a drug or therapy. Such almost blind screening approach is very time-consuming and laborious. The goal of structure-based drug design is to find chemical structures fitting in the binding pocket of the receptor. Based on the three-dimensional structure of the target protein, it can automatically build ligand molecules within the binding pocket and subsequently screen them (Weil et al., 2004).
A homology model of the housefly voltage-gated sodium channel was developed to predict the location of binding sites for the insecticides fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, and DDT, an early generation organochlorine. The model successfully addresses the state-dependent affinity of pyrethroid insecticides. (O’Reilly et al., 2006).
Allergic rhinitis is a very common disorder that affects people of all ages. It is frequently ignored, under diagnosed, misdiagnosed, and mistreated, which not only is detrimental to health but also has societal costs. Although allergic rhinitis is not a serious illness, it is clinically relevant because it underlies many complications, is a major risk factor for poor asthma control, and affects quality of life and productivity at work or school. Hidden direct costs include the treatment of co-morbid asthma, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infection, and nasal polyp. Nasal congestion, the most prominent symptom in AR, is associated with sleep-disordered breathing, a condition that can have a profound effect on mental health, including increased psychiatric disorders, depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. Furthermore, sleep-disordered breathing in childhood and adolescence is associated with increased disorders of learning performance, behavior, and attention. Management of allergic rhinitis is best when directed by guidelines. At this juncture Homoeopathic system of medicine offers a safe and effective solution of the illness if followed under the guidance of expertise. This article provides an overview of the patho-physiology, diagnosis, and appropriate homoeopathic management of this disorder.
Dr. Smita Brahmachari
M.O., Dept. of AYUSH, Govt. of NCT Delhi.
An allergy is a condition in which the body’s immune system reacts to a substance that is typically harmless. When the body comes into contact with the allergen, it releases histamine, a chemical that leads to symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and swelling. allergies can be caused by a variety of things, including pollen, pet dander, dust, and certain foods. Some people have such severe allergies that they can go into anaphylactic shock, which can be life-threatening.
Antimicrobial stewardship to prevent antimicrobial resistanceGovindRankawat1
India is among the nations with the highest burden of bacterial infections.
India is one of the largest consumers of antibiotics worldwide.
India carries one of the largest burdens of drug‑resistant pathogens worldwide.
Highest burden of multidrug‑resistant tuberculosis,
Alarmingly high resistance among Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria even to newer antimicrobials such as carbapenems.
NDM‑1 ( New Delhi Metallo Beta lactamase 1, an enzyme which inactivates majority of Beta lactam antibiotics including carbapenems) was reported in 2008
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
2. Type of hypersensitivity reactions of the immune system.
Allergy may involve more the one type of reaction.
An allergy is a immune reaction to something that does not
affect most other people. Substances that often cause
reactions are:
Pollen
Dust mites
Mold spores
Pet dander
Food
Insect stings
Medicines
Allergy
3. Risk factor
Host factors; heredity, gender, race, and
age.
Environmental factor; infectious
diseases during early childhood,
environmental pollution, allergen levels
and dietary changes.
Allergy
4. Allergy
• Allergy refers to certain diseases in which immune
responses to environmental antigens cause tissue
inflammation and organ dysfunction. Hypersensitivity and
sensitivity are synonyms for allergy.
• Allergen is any antigen that causes allergy. Red eyes ,
Itchiness,Runny nose , Eczema, Hives, Asthma attack.
5. Allergic Reaction Its overreaction to a harmless substance (an
allergen(
This harmless substance that is contacted through the skin,
inhaled into the lungs, swallowed, or injected.
6. Types of Hypersensitivity
Reaction
• Hypersensitivity reactions can be divided into
four types: type I, type II, type III and type IV,
based on the mechanisms involved and time
taken for the reaction.
7.
8. •Type I hypersensitivity is also known as immediate or
anaphylactic hypersensitivity. The reaction may involve skin
(urticaria and eczema), eyes (conjunctivitis), nasopharynx
(rhinorrhea, rhinitis), bronchopulmonary tissues (asthma)
and gastrointestinal tract The reaction may cause a range of
symptoms from minor to death. The reaction usually takes
15 - 30 minutes from the time of exposure to the
antigen.vascular dialation,edema, mucus production,
inflammation.
9. •Type II hypersensitivity is also known as cytotoxic
hypersensitivity and may affect a variety of organs and tissues. The
antigens are normally endogenous, although exogenous chemicals
which can attach to cell membranes can also lead to type II
hypersensitivity.
•e.g. Drug-induced hemolytic anemia, granulocytopenia and
thrombocytopenia . Cell lysis, Inflammation,
•The reaction time is minutes to hours.
10. Type III Hypersensitivity -Immune complex
•The reaction may be general e.g., serum sickness
or may involve individual organs including: e.g.
kidney (lupus nephritis),
•The reaction may take 3 - 10 hours after exposure to
the antigen as in Necrotizing vasculitis,
Inflammation
11. •Type IV hypersensitivity is also known as cell mediated or delayed
type hypersensitivity.
Contact dermatitis, Multiple sclerosis, Type-1 diabetes, Tuberculosis,
Edema , Cell destruction, Granuloma formation.
13. Overreaction to an allergen that is contact through skin, inhaled
through lung, swallowed or injected.
Triggered by harmless substances such as; pollen, dust, animal
danders, food,
An allergen; an antigen that causes allergy. Either inhaled,
ingested, .. Can be complete protein antigens (Pollen and animal
dander) or low molecular weight proteins.
IgE Mediated: Type I
14. Atopy is the genetic predisposition to make IgE
antibodies in response to allergen exposure.
Allergic rhinitis, allergic athma, atopic
dermatitis are the most common manifestation of
atopy.
Atopy
15. Immunopathogenesis
Both mast cells and basophils are involved in
immunopathogenesis of IgE mediated diseases. Mast cells
and basophils have a high affinity IgE cell membrane
receptors for IgE.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by
IgE, but T and B cells play important roles in the
development of these antibodies
18. Histamine
• Therapeutic intervention in allergy often focused on
blocking the effects of histamine
•Histamine also functions as a neurotransmitter
in CNS
•Very important in maintaining a state of arousal
or awareness
19.
20. Common allergens include:
• Plants
• Pollens
• Animal dander
• Bee stings or stings from other insects
• Insect bites
• Medication
• Foods, especially nuts and shellfish
21. Allergic Rhinitis: Most common clinical expression of
atopic hypersenstivity . IgE mediated allergy localized in
the nasal mucosa and conjunctiva. Pollens and fungal
spores, dust and animal danders usual atmospheric
allergens.
Allergic asthma (IgE mediated allergy in bronchial mucosa)
Allergen exposure results in bronchoconstriction, and
patients may report shortness of breath , wheezing, cough,
chest tightness.
Long-term allergen exposure can cause chronic changes of
increased difficulty breathing and chest tightness,
Allergic Gastroenteropathy
Localized IgE reactions in the gut to an ingested food.
Gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins and blood leading to
edema and anemia.
22. Urticaria
• Diffuse hives or wheals may occur and
cause significant purities; individual
wheals resolve after minutes to hours,
but new wheals can continue to form.
• Acute urticaria: (lasting <6 wk) can be caused by
foods, drugs, or contact allergens.
• Chronic urticaria: lasts longer than 6 weeks.
23. Angioedema
• Angioedema is localized tissue swelling that can occur in
soft tissues throughout the body., which may account for
a substantial volume of fluid loss from the intravascular
compartment. Patients may report pain at the site of
swelling instead of pruritus, which occurs with
urticaria.
• Angioedema of the laryngopharynx can obstruct the
airway, and patients may report difficulty breathing.
Stridor or hoarseness may be present.
24. Anaphylaxis
• Anaphylaxis is a sudden and severe allergic reaction
that occurs within minutes of exposure. Immediate
medical attention is needed .
• Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction marked by
swelling of the throat or tongue, hives, and trouble
breathing.
25. Food Allergy
from the sensitization of the patient to one or more
foods, in which symptoms manifest locally in t
Food Allergy may be defined as a complex of
clinical syndromes (sick all over) resulting he GI
tract or in other remote organs.
.
26. Respiratory symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose , stuffy nose
wheezing, watery eyes, persistent cough, bronchitis, itchy feeling
in the mouth or throat.
Skin affection: Red, sandpaper-like facial rash, dry scaly, itchy
skin (mostly on face), swelling in hands and feet, puffy eyelids,
dark circles under eye, tongue soreness and cracks, sore throat.
Behavior changes: fatigue, migraine, headaches, hyperactivity,
crying, irritability, anxiety, sore muscles and joints.
GIT Symptoms: vomiting, constipation , abdominal discomfort,
mucous diarrhea, intestinal bleeding poor weight gain, bloating,
Symptoms
28. The cutaneous test
(prick test, puncture test epicutaneous test)
Routine diagnosis in diseases (atopic or anaphylactic).
A single drop of concentrated aqueous allergen extract placed on the skin
which is then pricked lightly with a needle point at the center of the drop.
After 20 minutes the reaction is graded and recorded
Skin Tests
29. IgE levels may be elevated in patients who are atopic,
The tryptase level can be elevated, which is indicative of mast cell
degranulation.
An elevated eosinophil count may be observed in patients with
atopic disease.
Laboratory Tests
30. Nasal smear
Elevated eosinophil levels can be consistent with allergic
rhinitis.
Spirometry or pulmonary function test
Nasal smear/ Spirometry
32. Prevention
Avoid triggers such as foods and medications,…… that
have caused an allergic reaction, even a mild one.
A medical ID tag should be worn by people who know that
they have serious allergic reaction.
If any history of a serious allergic reactions, carry
emergency medications (such as diphenihydramine and
injectable epinephrine.
36. Stopping of nose, mostly at night; must breath through
mouth. Long lasting coryza,
Cough : dry, from tickling in throat from dust, every morning
from 3 to 4 a.m.
Amelioration lying on abdomen(acetic acid).
AMMONIUM CARB
37. Dry cough coming on after first sleep, about middle of
night.
Asthma on lying down at night with spasmodic cough.
Constriction of chest; feels as if foreign body were in
throat.
Hay fever; the least current of air causes sneezing, with
copious watery, excoriating nasal discharge, of salty acrid
taste.
38. Hay fever. thin, watery excoriating discharge. Nose feels stopped up. Sneezing
without relief. Unable to lie down with a fear of suffocation. Worse in open air,
Asthma worse midday and midnight. Cough worse lying on back.
Great anguish and restlessness with extreme prostration.
Dry, rough, scaly skin; worse cold and scratching better from heat.
Urticaria , with burning and restlessness.
AMELIORATION FROM WARMTH IN GENERAL EXCEPT
COMPLAINTS OF HEAD
ARSENICUM ALBUM
39.
40. OVERSENSITIVE TO COLD AIR. PATIENTS CATCHES COLD
WITH EVERY CHANGE OF WEATHER.
Indicated for lungs of old people, with chronic catarrhal condition
,attacks of suffocation at night with difficult cough. The patients
expectorates less.
Humid asthma ,muco- purulent expectoration.
Ringworm ; eczema of eyelids. Gland of neck are enlarged and tender.
Worse at night and early morning, cold air.
41. Dry coryza. Complete stoppage of nose. Nose stuffs up in cold rain.
Wants nose kept warm, least cold air stops the nose. Coryza of a new
born.
Loose rattling cough worse wet weather. Must cough a long time to
expel phlegm. Cough after physical exertion.
Urticaria over whole body, no fever; itching burns after scratching agg
in warmth amel in cold.
Hot days and cold nights towards the close of summer are especially
favorable to its action. As a effects of damp weather, colds after
exposure to wet.
42. This is a very useful remedy in the early stages of any
inflammation. Taken when allergy symptoms start, it
often slows or stops an episode. Symptoms include
runny eyes with a burning or gritty feeling, facial
flushing, watery nose, and short, hard, tickling cough.
43. Catarrh : coryza dry at night, fluent by day agg in warm room
amel in cold air.
Acrid discharge, but with stuffed up feeling.
Asthma with fullness in stomach in morning and after eating.
Cough brings on bursting headache
Bad effects of coffee, tobacco, alcoholic stimulants, highly
spicy or seasoned foods.
45. Dry coryza of infants, snuffles. Nose dry and obstructed.
Paroxysmal suffocative cough coming on about midnight, with
crying and dyspnoea.
Child awakes suddenly, nearly suffocating, sits up, turns blue.
Cannot expire(mephitis).
Profuse sweat on waking.
46.
47. Intolerable itching worse undressing(rumex).
Chronic eczema worse from warmth, walking, undressing.
Fissures in the bend of arms and knees.
48. Dry, cough preventing sleep.agg by pressure, talking, and
especially by inspiring cool air and at night.
Copious mucus discharge from nose and trachea.
Urticaria.- Intolerable itching of skin, esp. of lower
extremities worse exposure to cold air when undressing.
49. Violent Fluent coryza for 1-3 days then changing into stoppage of
nose, making breathing difficult. Loss of smell and taste.
Discharge thin watery like raw white of an egg.
Internal soreness of nose.
Eczema – eruptions esp. around the root of hairs.
50. Dread of least cold air and washing. Wants warm clothing even in
summers.
Asthma worse sitting up; better lying down and keeping arms spread
wide apart.
Dirty, filthy look of the patient.
Hay fever. Intolerable itching. Eczema behind ears. Urticaria after
every exertion.
Constant sneezing; dropping of mucus from posterior nares. Better
lying down.
51. Urticaria, covering whole body. Itching at the tip of coccyx, esp.
when the body is warm, and which receives no relief from
scratching.
Urticaria on least excitement, on waking in the morning worse
from bathing.
52. Itching, burning in swollen nose, violent incessant sneezing. Stoppage
of nose, though discharge is watery and profuse.
Eyes deeply suffused, lachrymation, itching and burning in eyes and
ears, buzzing, singing in ears.
ANTI PYRIN
53. FREQUENT sneezing with profuse discharge from
nose loss of smell and taste, itching in ears,
confusion of head with dim vision.
CYCLAMEN
54. Sore, discharge of burning ichorous fluid from nose,
excoriating nostrils and upper lip.
Nose stopped; can only breathe with mouth open; dry
coryza. Right nostril open, left blocked.
Throat sore, feels excoriated; cannot swallow. , agg. from
talking
55. Hay fever. scanty, acrid discharge with STOPPAGE OF LEFT NOSTRIL all
day or in afternoon and evening
NOSTRILS ALTERNATELY STOPPED.
Asthmatic breathing. Loud cough spells with barking expiration.
Dry sensation back of nose and throat >> by swallowing or by efforts to cough.
Cough is relieved by lying down.
Chronic eczema. Burning heat and stitches in chest. Skin turns red.
56. COUGH OFTEN ENDS IN SNEEZE.
Dry coryza; much watery mucus and sneezing. Nostrils feels peppery.
Old asthmatic with congestive attack. Difficult raising of tough,
profuse mucus, in the aged.
Bronchial catarrh, with sore chest walls; much mucus; sensation of
oppression and weight of chest. Rattling in chest.
Worse walking in open air, during rest. Better from sweat; bending
head backwards.
57. CATARRH; BAD SMELL OF NASAL SECRETION.
Posterior nasal catarrh. Hawking much mucus from throat;
worse slightest draught.
Dry cough when coming into warm room from out doors.
Modalities
◦ worse sitting, from music, summer heat, mental exertion and
thunderstorm. Least draught, change of weather,
NATRUM CARB
58. Sneezing with fullness at the root of nose. Swelling of turbinates.
Watery, excoriating discharge. Acute coryza with dull headache and
fever.
Dry cough with sore chest and fluent coryza.
Spasm of glottis.
Skin hot, dry, itching with measles like eruption. Catarrhal symptoms ;
aids in bringing out eruptions.
Dullness, dizziness, drowsiness accompanies all complaints.
GELSEMIUM
59. Sailors suffer from asthma “on shore”.
Asthma ,difficulty in getting air into the lung
Dyspnoea : cannot inspire deep enough; as if breathing through a sponge or the
air passages were full of smoke or vapor of sulphur; rattling, sawing;
Coryza with corrosive soreness of nose. Pressure at the root of nose. Tickling,
smarting, as from cobweb.
Cold sensation in larynx on inspiration(rhus tox, sulph).
BROMIUM
60. Acute catarrhal condition of the respiratory tract(used in the
beginning)
Lachrymation with coryza, profuse, fluent with constant sneezing.
Coryza with cough. Dry cough from sternal region all over chest.
Paroxysmal cough, with suffocative obstruction of respiration. With
severe dyspnoea.
Asthmatic attacks, cannot endure a close, warm room.
JUSTICIAADHATODA
61. The profuse watery, acrid coryza that the drug produces serves as a
sure guiding symptom, especially when associated with pain in frontal
sinus.
Stuffiness and dryness of nose without discharge.
Asthma , violent cough worse in morning. Expectoration like soap-
suds, greenish.
Worse warm room, warm clothing, night, damp weather.
Better motion, in open air
KALI HYDRIODICUM