Lymphadenopathy refers to abnormal lymph nodes in size, number, or consistency. It can be generalized, affecting more than two lymph node groups, or localized to a single group. Generalized lymphadenopathy has many potential causes, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, metabolic disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and cancers like Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Regionally localized lymphadenopathy may be caused by infections or diseases affecting the local area, such as oral infections leading to submandibular lymph node enlargement. A dentist can examine for extraoral lymphadenopathy and make appropriate referrals for testing and diagnosis. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause rather than the lymphaden

1. Lymphadenopathy

2. Intended learning outcome:
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
Define lymphadenopathy.
Differentiate between generalized and localized
lymphadenopathy.
Recognize the causes of generalized lymphadenopathy.
Recognize the causes of localized lymphadenopathy.
Understand the role of dentist in patient with lymphadenopathy.
Enumerate the management of lymphadenopathy

3. Definition
3
Lymphadenopathy: refers to lymph nodes that are
abnormal in:
1. Size
2. Number
3. Consistency
(Abnormalities may be localized or generalized)
[1]

4. 4
Generalized lymphadenopathy
is defined as enlargement of
more than 2 noncontiguous
lymph node groups.
Regional lymphadenopathy
it involves enlargement of a
single node or multiple
contiguous nodal regions.
.
[1] [1]

5. Generalized lymphadenopathy
5
infections
1. Infections
viral infections
• Epstein-Barr Virus
• Herpes simplex
• Mumps
• Adenovirus
• HIV
Bacterial infections
• Group A streptococcus
• Mycobacteria: typical and atypical
• Anaerobic bacteria
• Diphtheria
[1][3]

6. Generalized lymphadenopathy
6
1. Infections
Fungal / Parasitic infections
• Candida
• Cryptococcus
• Histoplasmosis
• Toxoplasmosis
2. Metabolic
• Lipid storage diseases
• Endocrine disease : Hyperthyroidism
Gaucher’s diseases
[1][3]
[1][3]

7. Generalized lymphadenopathy
7
• Rheumatoid arthritis
3. Hypersensitivity
• Mixed connective tissue diseased.
• Systemic lupus erythematous
• Drug hypersensitivity
4. Neoplastic
• Hodgkin’s disease
• non- Hodgkin’s lymphomas
• leukemia
Hodgkin’s disease
non- Hodgkin’s
lymphomas
[1][3]
[1][3]

8. 8
Regionallymphadenopathy
SUBMANDIBULAR
• Pharyngitis
• Nasopharyngeal tumour
Cervical
• Toxoplasmosis
• Pharyngitis
• Oral and dental infections
• Infectious mononucleosis
[1][3]

9. 9
Regionallymphadenopathy
Occipital
• Secondary to local skin infection
• Rubella
Preauricular
• Local skin infection
• Catscratch disease
[1][ 3]

10. 10
Regionallymphadenopathy
Axillary
• Local infection
• Catscratch disease
• Lymphoma
Supraclavicular
• Lymphoma
• Tuberculosis
• Histoplasmosis
[1][3]

11. Role of Dentist
• Extraoral physical examination:
[2][3]

12. 12
• Extraoral physical examination: [2][3]

13. Investigation and Treatment
13
Tuberculin
Skin Testing
BLOOD Chest X-ray Biopsy
Treatment:
• No specific treatment for lymphadenopathy
• Treatment of the cause is the rule
[2][3]

14. infection Hypersensitivity Neoplastic Other disorders
Rheumatoid
arthritis
Hodgkin's disease
Mixed
connective
tissue diseased.
Non-Hodgkin’s
lymphomas
Systemic lupus
erythematous
Lymphocytic
leukemia
Adenovirus Drug
hypersensitivity
Hairy cell
leukemia
Herpes simplex malignant
histiocytosis
Congestive heart
failure
amyloidosis Hisriocytosis x
Group A
streptococcus
Diphtheria
HIV
Candida
Sjögren’s
syndrome
Serum sickness
Catleman's
disease
Sarcoidosis
Dermatopathic
lymphadenitis
Histiocytic
necrotizing
lymphadenitise
summary

15. References
1. Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L.
Hauser, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo, (eds.) Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine,18th edition .United state:McGraw
Hill Professional, 2011.p.465,466,467.
2. Steven L. Bricker, B C Decker, Robert P. Langlais, Craig S. Miller.
Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, and Treatment Planning, Second
Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,1994.p.67,73,74.
3. Martin S. Greenberg, Michael Glick . Burket's Oral Medicine:
Diagnosis and Treatment, Tenth Edition. B.C. Decker,2002.p.18,19.

16. Thank you for your attention!
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