The document summarizes the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses that the lymphatic system maintains fluid balance and immunity by returning fluid from tissues to the bloodstream. The immune system fights foreign substances through innate and adaptive defenses, including barriers, leukocytes, and acquired immunity. Lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils are involved. Phagocytosis by white blood cells helps destroy microorganisms. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymph nodes most common in young adults. Lymphedema is swelling from blocked lymphatic vessels and can be caused by tumors or cancer surgery.

1. THE LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMPresented by KINGSLEY UBAWIKEBIOLOGY 120PROFESSOR R. ABDULLAH

2. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEMTwo main functions;1. Maintaining the body’s fluid balance.Fluid that filters into the body interstitially at the systemic capillary beds are returned to the bloodstream via the lymphatic vessels.Lymph plays a huge role in the body’s immunity

3. THE IMMUNE SYSTEMFunctional system the body uses in combating any foreign substance(bacteria, fungi, virus,etc.)Two basic intrinsic defense system;1. Innate (non-specific) defense system.May be localized or systemic.These includes the barrier of the skin, mucus membranes, tears and the leukocytes.2. Adaptive (specific) defense system.This is the second line of defense of the body.Cellular levelAcquired immunity; This can be natural or artificial depending on how it is attained.Inherited immunity develops before birth and is a genetic trait.Humoral levelImmune response resulting in tissue damage may be triggered by hypersensitivity to an antigen.

4. LYMPHOID ORGANSLymph node; Principal lymphoid organ.Spleen; Largest lymphoid organ.Thymus; Prominent in new born, atrophy after puberty.Tonsils & adenoids; Simplest lymphoid organ.

5. PHAGOCYTOSISA type of endocytocis in which a segment of plasma membrane is used to engulf any substance.Used by white blood cells to destroy micro- organisms or any foreign matter.White blood cells like macrophages, neutrophils continuously sweep internal organs, cavities for any foreign matter.However; Some bacteria like the Genus Bacillus anthracis, Pneumococcus has a capsular layer that enables them evade phagocytocis.

6. HOGKINS DISEASEA malignant cancer of the lymph nodes.Occurs in people between the ages of 15-30 years.Signs and symptoms;Paleness and enlargement of lymph nodesItching, weight loss, fever, anemia, dysphagiaOccurs mostly in menOne of the most curable cancersTreatment ;Chemotherapy, radiation of the lymph nodes or bone marrow transfer.

7. LYMPHEDEMAThis is swelling of the extremities due to blockage of the lymphatic vessels.Causes;TumorsRemoval of lymphatics during cancer surgeryEdema and reduced function in the extremity.Treatment;Use of drugsLymphatic drainage.

8. REFRENCEHuman Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn.Health Careers Today by Judith GerdinMicrobiology an introduction by Tortora, Funke, Case.Medical Terminology; A living language by Bonnie F. Fremgen, Suzanne S. Frucht

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