SOME COMMON DISEASES ANAEMIA DIABETICS ASTHMA ALLERGIES CANCER THEIR SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSTICS PROCEDRE TREATMENT

1. Common
diseases
BY,
S.SHRUTHI VASAN
BSC.,CLT
Dr.NGP ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

2. Some common disease in our country
• Anemia
• Diabetes
• Asthma
• Allergies
• Cancer

3. 1.Anemia
• Anemia is a condition that develops when your
blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells
or haemoglobin
• Haemoglobin is a main part of red blood cells and
binds oxygen.
• If you have too few or abnormal red blood cells,
or your haemoglobin is abnormal or low, the cells
in your body will not get enough oxygen.

5. WHAT CAUSES ANEMIA?
 There are more than 400 types of anemia,
which are divided into three groups:
 Anemia caused by blood loss
 Anemia caused by decreased or faulty red
blood cell production
 Anemia caused by destruction of red blood
cells

6. Hand of a normal person compared with the
hand of an anemic patient

7. Anemia signs and symptoms vary depending on the
cause of your anemia. They may include:
 Fatigue
 Weakness
 Pale or yellowish skin
 Irregular heartbeats
 Shortness of breath
 Dizziness or light-headedness
 Chest pain
 Cold hands and feet
 Headache
At first anaemia can be so mild that it goes
unnoticed. But symptoms worsen as anaemia worsens.

10. 2.Diabetes

11. Definition :
 Diabetes, often referred to by doctors
as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of
metabolic diseases in which the person has
high blood glucose (blood sugar), either
because insulin production is inadequate,
or because the body's cells do not respond
properly to insulin, or both.

12. Symptoms
 In type 1 diabetes, symptoms are often sudden
and can be life-threatening; therefore it is
usually diagnosed quite quickly.
 In type 2 diabetes, many people have no
symptoms at all, while other signs can go
unnoticed being seen as part of ‘getting older’.
 Therefore, by the time symptoms are noticed,
complications of diabetes may already be
present.

14. Common symptoms include:
 Being more thirsty than usual
 Passing more urine
 Feeling tired and lethargic
 Always feeling hungry
 Having cuts that heal slowly
 Itching, skin infections
 Blurred vision
 Unexplained weight loss (type 1)
 Gradually putting on weight (type 2)
 Mood swings
 Headaches
 Feeling dizzy
 Leg cramps

15. 3.Asthma

16.  Asthma is a disease affecting the airways that
carry air to and from your lungs. People who
suffer from this chronic condition (long-
lasting) are said to be asthmatic.
 The inside walls of an asthmatic's airways are
swollen or inflamed. This swelling or
inflammation makes the airways extremely
sensitive to irritations and increases your
susceptibility to an allergic reaction.
 As inflammation causes the airways to become
narrower, less air can pass through them, both
to and from the lungs

18. Symptoms of the narrowing includes
 wheezing (a hissing sound while breathing),
 chest tightness,
 breathing problems,
 coughing.
Asthmatics usually experience these
symptoms most frequently during the night
and the early morning.

19.  What is an Asthma Episode / Attack?
An asthma episode, or an asthma attack, is
when symptoms are worse than usual. They can
come on suddenly and can be mild, moderate or
severe.
 What happens during an asthma attack?
The muscles around your airways tighten
up, narrowing the airway.
 Less air is able to flow through the airway.
 Inflammation of the airways increases,
further narrowing the airway.
 More mucus is produced in the airways,
undermining the flow of air even more.

20. Peak flow meters are used to measure
the peak expiratory flow rate, important in
both monitoring and diagnosing asthma.

21. 4.CANCER

22. Definition:
 Cancer is a class of diseases characterized
by out-of-control cell growth.
 Cancer harms the body when altered cells
divide uncontrollably to form lumps or
masses of tissue called tumours
 Tumours can grow and interfere with the
digestive, nervous, and circulatory
systems, and they can release hormones
that alter body function.

23. Types of cancer
• Anal cancer
• Bladder cancer
• Bone cancer
• Breast cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Colon cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Kidney cancer
• Leukemia

24. • Liver cancer
• Lymphoma
• Ovarian cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Stomach cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Thyroid cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Vulvar cancer

25.  Unexplained weight loss
 Fever
 Fatigue
 Pain
 Skin changes
 Change in bowel habits or bladder function
 Sores that do not heal
 White patches inside the mouth or white spots on the
tongue
 Unusual bleeding or discharge
 Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts of the
body
 Indigestion or trouble swallowing
 Nagging cough or hoarseness

26. 5.Allergies

27. Allergy occurs when a person's immune
system reacts to substances in the environment
that are harmless for most people.
These substances are known
as allergens and are found in house dust mites,
pets, pollen, insects, moulds, foods and some
medicines

29.  Drug Allergy:
True allergies to drugs (medicines) occur in only a small
number of people. Most drug reactions are not allergic, but are
side effects of the properties of the medicine. A diagnosis of
the cause of the drug reaction is usually based only upon the
patient’s history and symptoms. Sometimes skin testing for drug
allergy is also done.
 Insect Allergy:
Bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants are the
most common stinging insects that cause an allergic reaction.
Non-stinging insects can also cause allergic reactions. The
most common are cockroaches and the insect-like dust mite.
Allergies to these two insects may be the most common cause of
year-round allergy and asthma.

30.  Latex Allergy:
A latex allergy is an allergic reaction to natural
rubber latex. Natural rubber latex gloves, balloons,
condoms and other natural rubber products contain
latex. An allergy to latex can be a serious health risk.
 Mold Allergy:
Mold and mildew are fungi. Since fungi grow in so
many places, both indoors and outdoors, allergic
reactions can occur year round.
 Pet Allergy:
Allergies to pets with fur are common. It is
important to know that an allergy-free (hypoallergenic)
breed of dog or cat does not exist.

31. Symptoms
• Itchy, watery eyes
• Itchy, runny nose
• Sneezing
• Runny nose
• Rashes
• Hives
(a rash with raised
red patches)
• Stomach cramps
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Bloating
• Swelling

33. • Redness
• Pain
• Tongue swelling
• Cough
• Throat closing
• Wheezing
(a whistling sound
when you breathe)
• Chest tightness and losing your breath
• Feeling faint, light-headed or "blacking out"
• A sense of "impending doom"

34. Thank
you…