The introduction to_ipv6
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This document provides an introduction to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It begins with an abstract describing the objective and scope, which is to explain IPv6 in a simple way for technical and non-technical readers. It then covers key aspects of IPv6 including the 128-bit address format, address types (unicast, multicast, anycast), address scopes (link-local, site-local, global), differences from IPv4, and the need to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6 due to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. It also discusses Malaysia's targets for IPv6 adoption and how IPv6 provides improved security over IPv4.
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Ipv6
IPv6 is the next generation Internet Protocol that increases the address space to 128 bits from 32 bits in IPv4. It was developed by the IETF and specified in RFC 1883. IPv6 addresses are written as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits separated by colons. Consecutive sections of zeros can be represented by double colons. The document discusses the basic address and header structure of IPv6 and plans to set up IPv6 in virtual machines and routers to learn more.
Ipv6 presentation
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4. Watch more: http://telecomacadmey.com/What-is-Ipv6/ ============================================================================================================ Join us on Site: http://telecomacadmey.com/ Join us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Telecom-Acad... Join us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/TelecomAcad Join us on tumblr: https://www.tumblr.com/blog/telecomac... Join us on Quora: https://www.quora.com/profile/Telecom... Join us on Google +: https://plus.google.com/u/0/104392545... Join us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/telecomacad/ Join us on pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/hamzathenet...
Ipv4 & ipv6
The document discusses IP addresses and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, its uses, and the classes and addressing in IPv4. It describes problems with IPv4 like limited address space. It then defines IPv6 addressing which uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal, and types of IPv6 addresses. It lists advantages of IPv6 like larger address space and built-in security. Tables compare features of IPv4 and IPv6 like address space, header fields, and representation.
About IPv6
The document provides an overview of IPv6 addressing and subnetting. It discusses IPv6 address representation and structure, including that addresses are 128 bits long and represented in hexadecimal. The addressing hierarchy from ISP to customer site to individual devices is covered. Different address types like link-local and global unicast are defined. IPv6 autoconfiguration and how devices generate interface IDs are summarized. The document concludes with an example of how to subnet a provider's IPv6 block and allocate /48 prefixes to multiple customers.
I pv4 vs ipv6
IPv4 and IPv6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the available number of addresses to around 4 billion, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses allowing for a vast number of available addresses. Some techniques were used to extend IPv4 such as subnetting and NAT, but IPv6 was developed to provide a long-term solution and overcome IPv4's scaling limitations. IPv6 improves upon IPv4 in areas such as efficiency, security, auto-configuration, and header structure. Widespread adoption of IPv6 has been slowed due to compatibility issues and costs of upgrading systems.
Future protocol IP v6
The document discusses the development and features of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes how IPv4 addresses are running out due to the exponential growth of the Internet. IPv6 was developed to address this by providing a huge number of IP addresses through the use of 128-bit addresses. IPv6 also aims to improve security and support new technologies such as mobile devices and the Internet of Things. The document outlines several key features of IPv6 such as improved address space, auto-configuration, built-in security, and support for mobility.
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This document provides an overview of IPv6 including:
- The history and motivations for developing IPv6 due to IPv4 address exhaustion.
- An introduction to IPv6 addressing and prefixes.
- Transition technologies like tunnels to help with gradual IPv6 deployment.
- IPv6 control protocols for tasks like neighbor discovery and routing.
- Details on how IPv6 addresses are represented textually and allocated.
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The document discusses IP addresses and the differences between IPv4 and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, its uses, and the classes and addressing in IPv4. It describes problems with IPv4 like limited address space. It then defines IPv6 addressing which uses 128-bit addresses written in hexadecimal, and types of IPv6 addresses. It lists advantages of IPv6 like larger address space and built-in security. Tables compare features of IPv4 and IPv6 like address space, header fields, and representation.
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The document provides an overview of IPv6 addressing and subnetting. It discusses IPv6 address representation and structure, including that addresses are 128 bits long and represented in hexadecimal. The addressing hierarchy from ISP to customer site to individual devices is covered. Different address types like link-local and global unicast are defined. IPv6 autoconfiguration and how devices generate interface IDs are summarized. The document concludes with an example of how to subnet a provider's IPv6 block and allocate /48 prefixes to multiple customers.
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IPv4 and IPv6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the available number of addresses to around 4 billion, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses allowing for a vast number of available addresses. Some techniques were used to extend IPv4 such as subnetting and NAT, but IPv6 was developed to provide a long-term solution and overcome IPv4's scaling limitations. IPv6 improves upon IPv4 in areas such as efficiency, security, auto-configuration, and header structure. Widespread adoption of IPv6 has been slowed due to compatibility issues and costs of upgrading systems.
Future protocol IP v6
The document discusses the development and features of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). It describes how IPv4 addresses are running out due to the exponential growth of the Internet. IPv6 was developed to address this by providing a huge number of IP addresses through the use of 128-bit addresses. IPv6 also aims to improve security and support new technologies such as mobile devices and the Internet of Things. The document outlines several key features of IPv6 such as improved address space, auto-configuration, built-in security, and support for mobility.
Ipv6 course
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- The history and motivations for developing IPv6 due to IPv4 address exhaustion.
- An introduction to IPv6 addressing and prefixes.
- Transition technologies like tunnels to help with gradual IPv6 deployment.
- IPv6 control protocols for tasks like neighbor discovery and routing.
- Details on how IPv6 addresses are represented textually and allocated.
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IPv4 and IPv6 are the two main versions of Internet Protocol. IPv4 is the original and most widely used version, but it is limited to 4 billion addresses which may not be enough for future needs. IPv6 was developed in 1999 and provides a much larger address space to meet future demand. There are various transition strategies for moving from IPv4 to IPv6, including dual stacking, tunneling, and translation methods to allow devices and networks using the different protocols to communicate with each other during the changeover process.
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This document provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6. It discusses that IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and is running out of available addresses, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses providing vastly more address space. IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and improves on areas like security, quality of service, and mobility. The document compares features of IPv4 and IPv6 such as address syntax, header fields, and configuration methods.
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1.What is IP address
2.When & how it was devised
3.IPV4 Features & its functionality
4.Benefits of IPV4 & Devices supporting IPV4
5.Problems of IPV4 & What happened to IPV5
6.What led to IPV6
7.IPV6 Features & Functionality
8.Benefits of IPV6 & supporting devices
9.How transition from IPV4 to IPV6 will happen
10.Problems & challenges that are anticipated & Conclusion
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This document compares and contrasts IPv4 and IPv6. It begins by defining Internet Protocol (IP) and its purpose of identifying hosts and enabling location addressing. It then describes IPv4, including its 32-bit address structure, address notation, and class-based allocation that resulted in address exhaustion issues. The document also covers IPv6's 128-bit addresses that provide vastly more capacity to address this problem. Key differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are outlined, such as IPv6's elimination of NAT. The concepts of subnetting, supernetting, and private address ranges are also introduced to optimize IPv4 network design.
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- Key features of IPv6 like a larger 128-bit address space, simpler header format, and built-in security.
- Protocols that support IPv6 functionality like Neighbor Discovery Protocol, Path MTU Discovery, and stateless and stateful address autoconfiguration.
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IPv6
Overview of IPv6 protocol along with various transition scenarios for the migration from IPv4 to IPv6
IPv6 is the current and future Internet Protocol standard. As anticipated, IPv4 addresses became exhausted around 2012.
The IP address scarcity is the main driver for IPv6 protocol adoption.
IPv6 defines a much larger address space that should be sufficient for the foreseeable future, even taking into account Internet of Things scenarios with zillions of small devices connected to the Internet.
IPv6 is, however, much more than simply an expansion of the address space. IPv6 defines a clean address architecture with globally aggregatable addresses thus reducing routing table sizes in Internet routers.
IPv6 extension headers provide a standard mechanism for stacking protocols such as IP, IPSec, routing headers and upper layer headers such as TCP.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is already defined for IPv4. ICMP was totally revamped for IPv6 and as ICMPv6 provides common functions like IP address and prefix assignment.
Lack of business drivers for migrating to IPv6 is responsible for sluggish adoption of IPv6 in carrier and enterprise networks.
Numerous transition mechanisms were developed to ease the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Many of these mechanisms are complex and difficult to administer.
The transition mechanisms can be coarsely classified into dual-stack, tunneling and translation mechanisms.
IPv4 and IPv6
This presentation has been given by Marco Hogewoning during the RIPE NCC Roundtable Meeting in Amsterdam on 4 April 2011
40120130405018 2
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Ipv4 vs Ipv6 comparison
1.What is IP address
2.When & how it was devised
3.IPV4 Features & its functionality
4.Benefits of IPV4 & Devices supporting IPV4
5.Problems of IPV4 & What happened to IPV5
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This document compares and contrasts IPv4 and IPv6. It begins by defining Internet Protocol (IP) and its purpose of identifying hosts and enabling location addressing. It then describes IPv4, including its 32-bit address structure, address notation, and class-based allocation that resulted in address exhaustion issues. The document also covers IPv6's 128-bit addresses that provide vastly more capacity to address this problem. Key differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are outlined, such as IPv6's elimination of NAT. The concepts of subnetting, supernetting, and private address ranges are also introduced to optimize IPv4 network design.
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IPv4 addresses are running out, so IPv6 was created with a vastly larger 128-bit address space. During the transition, IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist via three main methods: dual-stack, tunneling, and translation. For internet service providers, dual-stack is the best approach as it allows gradual migration while both protocols are supported. The presentation provides details on IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes, transition mechanisms, and configuration examples for tunneling dual-stack implementations at an ISP.
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The document provides an overview of IPv6 including:
- Limitations of IPv4 that IPv6 addresses such as limited address space and lack of security.
- Key features of IPv6 like a larger 128-bit address space, simpler header format, and built-in security.
- Protocols that support IPv6 functionality like Neighbor Discovery Protocol, Path MTU Discovery, and stateless and stateful address autoconfiguration.
IPv6 Transition Strategies Tutorial, by Philip Smith [APNIC 38]
The document discusses various strategies for transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 networks. It begins by explaining why the transition is necessary as IPv4 addresses are running out. It then outlines three main strategies: 1) Doing nothing and relying solely on IPv4, 2) Extending the life of IPv4 through NAT or acquiring more addresses, and 3) Implementing IPv6 transition techniques like dual-stack, 6rd tunnels, or large scale NAT. For each strategy, it discusses advantages, disadvantages, and applicability for network operators. Key transition techniques like dual-stack, 6rd, and large scale NAT are also defined in more detail.
IPV6 ADDRESS
IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses used to identify nodes in an IPv6 network. They are conventionally written in hexadecimal colon notation, divided into eight sections of four hexadecimal digits each. IPv6 addresses have a hierarchical structure, with the type prefix in the first bits indicating the address category such as unicast, multicast, anycast, reserved, or local. Unicast addresses are used to identify a single interface, multicast for groups of interfaces, and anycast to select the nearest available node in a group.
Ipv6
IPv6 is the newest version of the Internet Protocol that provides a 128-bit addressing system to replace IPv4 and address the problem of looming address exhaustion, featuring a vastly expanded address space, simplified header format, and security improvements to meet future networking needs. It was developed by the IETF and became an internet standard in 2017 to support continued growth of devices connected to the internet by providing trillions of addresses for devices using hexadecimal notation groups separated by colons.
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Overview of IPv6 protocol along with various transition scenarios for the migration from IPv4 to IPv6
IPv6 is the current and future Internet Protocol standard. As anticipated, IPv4 addresses became exhausted around 2012.
The IP address scarcity is the main driver for IPv6 protocol adoption.
IPv6 defines a much larger address space that should be sufficient for the foreseeable future, even taking into account Internet of Things scenarios with zillions of small devices connected to the Internet.
IPv6 is, however, much more than simply an expansion of the address space. IPv6 defines a clean address architecture with globally aggregatable addresses thus reducing routing table sizes in Internet routers.
IPv6 extension headers provide a standard mechanism for stacking protocols such as IP, IPSec, routing headers and upper layer headers such as TCP.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is already defined for IPv4. ICMP was totally revamped for IPv6 and as ICMPv6 provides common functions like IP address and prefix assignment.
Lack of business drivers for migrating to IPv6 is responsible for sluggish adoption of IPv6 in carrier and enterprise networks.
Numerous transition mechanisms were developed to ease the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Many of these mechanisms are complex and difficult to administer.
The transition mechanisms can be coarsely classified into dual-stack, tunneling and translation mechanisms.
IPv4 and IPv6
This presentation has been given by Marco Hogewoning during the RIPE NCC Roundtable Meeting in Amsterdam on 4 April 2011
40120130405018 2
This document discusses the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. It begins by providing an overview of IPv4 and its limitations, such as address exhaustion from limited 32-bit addressing. It then describes IPv6, which uses a 128-bit address scheme to provide vastly more addresses and enhancements over IPv4. The document focuses on explaining the need to transition to IPv6 due to IPv4's shortcomings. It notes several mechanisms for the transition, including dual stack, tunneling, and translation approaches. The goal is to present information on facilitating the change from IPv4 to the improved IPv6 protocol.
Journey to IPv6 - A Real-World deployment for Mobiles
This document provides an overview of Telstra's journey to deploying IPv6 for mobiles. It discusses why IPv6 is needed due to growth in devices and traffic, and depletion of IPv4 addresses. It covers the business and technical considerations for transitioning to IPv6. The document outlines Telstra's network architectures for IPv6 including centralised CGN, 464XLAT architecture and addressing schemes. It discusses their deployment model and experiences including growth in IPv6 usage. Lessons learned around community engagement, customer support and reporting metrics are also provided.
I pv6
The document discusses IPv6 and mobility protocols. It introduces IPv6 as an updated version of IPv4 that supports more addresses and improved security. Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) allows devices to change locations while maintaining connectivity using temporary addresses. Hierarchical MIPv6 further improves efficiency for devices that change anchors frequently within the same area. While MIPv6 and HMIPv6 work for many applications, they may not be reliable for real-time applications due to address changes. IPv6 is positioned to support the growing mobile internet.
Comparative study of IPv4 and IPv6 on Windows and Linux.
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Journey to IPv6 - A Real-World deployment for Mobiles
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Week Aef4 11
This document provides an overview of Week 11 of an English language course. It includes listening to music, practicing adverbs, pronunciation, and reviewing vocabulary. Specifically, it discusses the song "Fireflies" by Owl City, reviews different types of adverbs and their usage, has exercises matching adverbs to sentences, clarifies confusing adverbs, and provides pronunciation practice of stressed syllables and words. Students are assigned online homework and asked to bring a childhood photo for the next class.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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The introduction to_ipv6
- 1. BY: MOHAMMAD NOR IHSAN BIN MD ZIN Department of information and communication technology Mukah polytechnic T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N O F I P v 6 1
- 2. ABSTRACT Objective • To explain the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in a simple way so this new technology can be understand by technical and non-technical persons. Scope • The introduction of IPv6 • Brief comparison between IPv4 and IPv6 • The needs of migration from IPv4 to IPv6. 2
- 3. IPv6 • Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) • IP next generation (IPng) • 128 bit space • 8 octats of hexadecimal notation with separated by a colon. I n t r o d u c t i o n 3
- 4. IPv6 • Each octat has 16-bit space • Identified by a hexadecimal number in the range of 0000 to FFFF • Example: 2001:0D48:1234:FE00:0000: 87C0:0ED2:AB72 T h e ‘ O c t a t ’ 4
- 5. IPv6 A d d r e s s Ty p e Unicast Address Multicast Address Anycast Address 5
- 6. IPv6 A d d r e s s Ty p e Unicast is an address of a single interface and give one- to-one packet delivery to single interface. 6
- 7. IPv6 A d d r e s s Ty p e Multicast is an address of a set of interfaces. Multicast address type allows one-to-many packet delivery to all interfaces in that set. 7
- 8. IPv6 A d d r e s s Ty p e Anycast is address of a set of interfaces which allows one-to- one-of-many packet delivery to a single interface in the set, that is closest from the origin. 8
- 9. IPv6 A n y c a s t v s U n i c a s t ? Anycast address can identifies multiple interface, but only deliver packets to a single interface, which is the nearest address in term of routing distance. In order to facilitate delivery to the nearest anycast group member, the routing infrastructure must be aware of the interfaces that are assigned anycast addresses and their distances in terms of routing metrics. (Microsoft, 2005) 9
- 10. IPv6 A d d r e s s S c o p e Some IPv6 addresses are unique only in a subnet or a local network (link-local scope), others are unique in private networks or between organizations (unique- local scope or sometimes named as Site-local), while still others are globally unique (global scope), that is, everywhere in the Internet. (Cisco System, Inc., 2011) 10
- 11. IPv6 A d d r e s s S c o p e Global Site-Local Link-Local 11
- 12. IPv6 L i n k - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e • Enables communication within local link (local physical network) only. • Equivalent to Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) in IPv4 (automatically assigns an autoconfiguration address) - in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 - whenever a node is unable to find IP address and subnet mask at DHCP server. 12
- 13. IPv6 L i n k - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e • It is a non-routed common access network. • The first 10 bits of link-local IP address is set to 1111111010, which is equals to FE80 when it is converted to hexadecimal. • a link-local IP address is always begins with FE80. 13
- 14. IPv6 S i t e - L o c a l A d d r e s s S c o p e • Equivalent with private IPv4 addresses • Packets are routed within an organization , and not outside it on the public internet. • In IPv4, these addresses are 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16. • IPv6’s site-local addresses have set the first 10 bits to 1111111011, which equals to FEC0. 14
- 15. IPv6 G l o b a l A d d r e s s S c o p e • Allows computers to communicate on the internet. • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is being delegates the current global address’s prefix as 2000::/3. 15
- 16. IPv4 versus IPv6 This paper only cover the general different between IPv4 and IPv6. Features IPv4 IPv6 Notation Dotted Decimal Notation Example: 10.0.1.100 Hexadecimal Notation with Colon Example: 2001:03BB:B5A1:52FF: FEA5:4564:0112:1202 Address Size 32-bits 128-bits Number of Address 232 = 4,294,967,296 Addresses 2128 = 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374 ,607,431,768,211,459 Addresses Packet Broadcast - Support broadcasting - No broadcasting, IPv6 using multicast. 16
- 17. Why Do We Need IPv6? 17
- 18. Why Do We Need IPv6? No IP address = No Internet Access 18
- 19. Why Do We Need IPv6? • IPv6 provides at least 340 trillion trillion trillion IP addresses - will give a unique IP address for every single device. • IPv6 support multihoming, which mean for every single device, there might be multiple different IPv6 addresses. W h y U s e I P v 6 ? 19
- 20. Why Do We Need IPv6? • Enables computer or device to connected to more than one network as it can be assigned with multiple IP addresses. • With this service, a computer may have connection to more than one Internet Service Provide (ISP), which will provide redundancy and increase reliability of an IP network. W h y U s e I P v 6 ? 20
- 21. Why Do We Need IPv6? • Supported by the growth of billions of new devices and technologies - smartphones, tablets, laptops, home appliance, smart cars, IPTV, radio streamming and so forth. • The increasing number of users and demands for “always-on” access technologies are also influencing the need to switch to IPv6. W h y U s e I P v 6 ? 21
- 22. Why Do We Need IPv6? M a l a y s i a n G o v e r n m e n t Ta rg e t ISPs Level 2006 National Level (Dual-Stack) End 2013 National Level (Native IPv6) 2015 (Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, 2008) The concept of dual-stack approach in deployment of IPv6 means implementing both IPv4 and IPv6 simultaneously. 22
- 23. Why Do We Need IPv6? I t i s S e c u r e ? • IP Security (IPSec) is embedded into the IPv6 specification to manage encryption and authentication between hosts. • Enables secure data traffic between hosts that is independent of any applications on either host. • Provides an efficient end to end security framework for data transfer at the host or the network level. (What Is My IP Address., n.d.) 23
- 24. Conclusion Whether we are ready or not, IPv4 has been exhausted. Now, it is time to migrate from IPv4 to IPv6! 24
- 25. Thank You T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N O F I P v 6 25 This paper was reviewed by Dr. Che Ahmad Bukhari bin Che Ujang (UPM) on 5th December 2013.