Test on geotextile apparent opening size and porosity
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This document summarizes a test conducted on geotextiles to determine their apparent opening size and porosity. The test involves using a mechanical sieve shaker to shake spherical glass beads of varying sizes through a geotextile sample for 10 minutes. The weight of beads retained is measured to generate a graph of bead size versus percentage passing. From this, the average apparent opening size of the geotextile in millimeters can be determined. The porosity of a geotextile, defined as the volume of voids to total volume, is also directly calculated using an provided equation. Standards IS 14294-1995 and guidance from a geotextile testing book are referenced.
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Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Check if tension will occur in the foundation:
e = M/P = 90/500 = 0.18 < B/6 = 2/6 = 0.333. Hence no tension will occur.
2) Calculate the rotation θ:
θ = 12M(1-u^2)/LB
= 12×90(1-0.3^2)/(3×2×21000)
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12. Akça K, Iplikçioğlu H, Cehreli MC. Comparison of uniaxial resistance forces of cements used with implant-supported crowns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:536–542.
13. Gervais MJ, Wilson PR. A rationale for retrievability of fixed, implant-supported prostheses: A complication-based analysis. Int J Prosthodont 2007;20:13–24.
14. Pan YH, Ramp LC, Lin CK, Liu PR. Comparison of 7 luting protocols and their effect on the retention and marginal leakage of a cement- retained dental implant restoration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:587–592.
15. Jambhekar SS, Matani J, Sethi T, Kheur MG. Reduction of excess cement during cementation of implant-retained crowns: A clinical tip. J Dent Implants 2013;3:168–171.
Lad PP, Kamath M, Tarale K, Kusugal PB. Practical clinical consider- ations of luting cements: A review. J Int Oral Health.2014;6:116–120.
10. Cochran DL, Hermann JS, Schenk RK, Higginbottom FL, Buser D. Biologic width around titanium implants. A histometric analysis of the implanto-gingival junction around unloaded and loaded non-submerged implants in the canine mandible. J Periodontol 1997;68:186–198.
11. Listgarten MA, Buser D, Steinemann SG, et al. Light and trans- mission electron microscopy of the intact interfaces between non-submerged titanium-coated epoxy resin implants and bone or gingiva. J Dent Res 1992;71:364–371.
12. Akça K, Iplikçioğlu H, Cehreli MC. Comparison of uniaxial resistance forces of cements used with implant-supported crowns. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2002;17:536–542.
13. Gervais MJ, Wilson PR. A rationale for retrievability of fixed, implant-supported prostheses: A complication-based analysis. Int J Prosthodont 2007;20:13–24.
14. Pan YH, Ramp LC, Lin CK, Liu PR. Comparison of 7 luting protocols and their effect on the retention and marginal leakage of a cement- retained dental implant restoration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2006;21:587–592.
15. Jambhekar SS, Matani J, Sethi T, Kheur MG. Reduction of excess cement during cementation of implant-retained crowns: A clinical tip. J Dent Implants 2013;3:168–171.
Lad PP, Kamath M, Tarale K, Kusugal PB. Practical clinical consider- ations of luting cements: A review. J Int Oral Health.2014;6:116–120.
10. Cochran DL, Hermann JS, Schenk RK, Higginbottom FL, Buser D. Biologic width around titanium implants. A hist
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Test on geotextile apparent opening size and porosity
- 1. TEST ON GEOTEXTILE APPARENT OPENING SIZE AND POROSITY PRESENTED BY SANGAMESH TOTAGER (19GACV3010) UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Dr. S. GANGADHAR University of Visvesvaraya collage of engineering Bangalore University- 560056 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
- 2. CONTENTS • • • • • • • Objec ve Apparatus Prepara on of test specimen Procedure Calcula on and tabula on Report Reference
- 3. Objective • • Determining the apparent opening size (AOS) by sieving glass beads through geotex le (IS 14294-1995). This is dry seive method is suitable for AOS 60 micron and above.
- 4. • • Mechanical sieve shaker This is used to impart the ver cal or lateral and ver cal mo on to the sieve causing the par cles there on bounce and return so as to present different orienta on to the sieving surrounding APPARATUS
- 5. Apparatus... • Spherical glass beads
- 7. APPARATUS... • • • Geotex le Sta c eliminator Balance
- 8. • Sieve with cover and pan
- 9. PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN • Geotex le placing in sieve
- 11. PROCEDURE • • • • • • • Apply the commercial available an sta c sprayer to the geotex le Start the test with smallest diameter of beads. Take 50g of beads of known size. Place the beads in the sieve and sieves put on mechanical sieve shaker. Start the sieve shaker for 10 minutes. And weigh the sieves and pans with retained glass beads. Repeat the above procedure with different size of beads. Then draw the graph percentage of passing v/s par cle size.
- 12. Procedure
- 15. Report • • • • • Report shall include the following informa on: IS number of the method followed for tes ng; Bead sıze range (in millimetres) used; Plots of bead size versus percentage beads passing for each specimen, if required; The average apparent openıng size (AOS) in millımetres When requested, AOS in terms of sieve number, that's having nominal openings, in millimetres.
- 16. Porosity of geotextile • The porosity is defined as the volume of voids to the total volume The porosity can be directly determined by below equa on:
- 17. Reference • • "IS 14294-1995" for the apparent opening size of geotex le Guide to the geotex le tes ng book
- 18. Thank you