The document discusses optimization of drilling efficiency at a mining site in Sudan. It describes the study area and objectives, which include evaluating drilling rate equations, collecting rock samples, and developing a web-based application for selecting drillers. Sieve analysis and mechanical tests were conducted on samples. Graphs show grain size distribution curves for different boreholes. Tables provide test results on time taken for different grain sizes to pass through a sieve. The document also discusses controllable drilling parameters and components of the drill string that impact efficiency, such as shock absorbers, deck bushings, drill pipes, and bit sub adaptors.

1. University Of Khartoum
Faculty Of Engineering – Mining Department
Drilling Efficiency Optimization At Hassai Site
By : Ahmed Elsir – Ramy Osman - Mustafa

2. 1. Introduction :
• Drilling is one of the main operations in mining
beside blast, load, truck and crush. Drilling is a
process of making a hole into a hard surface where
the length of the hole is very large comparing to
the diameter.Drilling cost about 13% of the Mine
Capital Cost and 18% of Mine Operation Cost.

3. 1. Introduction :
• This research project deal with variety of drilling aspects,
starting by getting familiar with the parts of the drillers
that can affects the efficiency of the drilling and see the
practices that had developed over years to reduce the
inefficiency of this parts, and the best ways to use the
driller to get the most out of it .

4. 1. Introduction :
• then a visit to Ariab Mining Company had been
conduct to get a representative sample from
different sites for a different bore holes rocks and
depth, after that we conduct a necessaries tests to
obtain the data had been conducted.

5. • beginning with sieve analysis to know some of the rocks
properties which will help in the future equation and also all
the tests to get the Mechanical properties had been done and fit
this parameters in the both: first the drilling rate (DE)
equations to compare it with the other from the company
catalog , then the PE for both had been calculated. Second
Drilling Efficiency, these two parameters will help even in a
more important process which is Drilling Methods.
1. Introduction :

6. 1. Introduction :
• Lastly we use all the result together for a solid, well
designed web-based applications for drillers
selection,

7. 1.1. Objective :
• Study literature related to drilling at mining.
• Using known equation and the Manufactories specifications to predict the
theoretical drilling rate.
• Collecting sample from the field to apply different tests.
• Obtain the Sevi Analysis result and the Mechanical Properties.

8. 1.1. Objective :
• Calculate the Penetration rate and the Practical efficiency.
• Conclude a clear reason for drilling inefficiency.
• Generate a Web-Base Application for selecting Mining Drillers from a
different company with a different specification for a variety of task.

9. 1.2. Motivation :
• Mining Industry in Sudan is growing very fast and thus the drilling operation
play an important role in mine economy.
• Lake of information and research about a Sudanese Mining Sector
specifically for drilling efficiency which affect the knowledge and practical of
labor.
• Collect a very important and organized data and literature for both the
students and researchers for more developing in the subject and hopefully
the whole field.

10. 1.2. Motivation :
• There is no regionally a software that can use to make the selection of
mining drillers easy so every company shouldn’t go in an old school process
to choose the drillers.
• Monitor the performance of the drillers by linking the theoretical PE and
practical PE, then calculate a new ration (PEp/PEt) which indicate the
inefficiency of the machine.

11. • Ariab Mining Co Ltd operates as a gold mining company. The
company operates the Hassaï mine and has produced a total of
over 2.3 million ounces of gold to date from mining the upper
gold-rich oxidized cap rock of multiple deposits. The company
was founded in 1990 and is based in Khartoum, Sudan.
2.1.Study Area

13. total weight= 417.2
BH(2)
B.Sseive %Passing %Retaine Ret. By Wet
9.5 100 0 0
5.6 100.0 0.0 0.0
3.4 84.6 15.4 64.3
2.4 80.4 19.6 81.7
2.0 76.4 23.6 98.6
1.2 66.4 33.6 140.2
0.6 51.4 48.6 202.8
0.425 45.4 54.6 227.8
0.25 36.5 63.5 264.8
0.125 27.8 72.2 301.1
0.1 26.3 73.7 307.3
0.075 24.1 75.9 316.6
0.053 20.3 79.7 332.6
pan 0.0 100.0 417.2

14. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
passing
retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (1)

15. 0
10
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100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (2)

16. 0
10
20
30
40
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60
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80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passin
g
%Retain
e
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (3)

17. 0
10
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30
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80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (4)

18. 0
10
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60
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80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (5)

19. 0
10
20
30
40
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60
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80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (6)

20. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
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80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (7)

21. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (8)

22. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passin
g
%Retain
e
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (9)

23. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Retaine
%Passing
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (2:1)

24. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
%PASSING//REAINE
PARTICLE SIZE(mm)
%Passing
%Retaine
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SILT
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
SAND
FINE MEDIUM COURSE
GRAVEL
COBB
LES
CLAY
Grain Size Distribution Curves For BH# (2:2)

25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time 1.733 1.74 1.9 2.067 2.65 2.86 3.83 4.05 4.44 5.92 8.57
Fine 15.1 19.6 18.2 21.3 19.4 17.6 11.3 12.9 24.7 26.8 24.1
Sand 67.5 59.7 65.6 66.8 60.4 57.5 62.0 71.6 61.9 63.7 60.5
Gravel 17.4 20.8 16.2 11.9 20.2 24.9 26.7 15.5 13.4 9.5 15.4
1.733 1.74 1.9 2.067 2.65 2.86 3.83 4.05 4.44
5.92
8.57
15.1
19.6
18.2
21.3
19.4
17.6
11.3
12.9
24.7
26.8
24.1
67.5
59.7
65.6
66.8
60.4
57.5
62.0
71.6
61.9
63.7
60.5
17.4
20.8
16.2
11.9
20.2
24.9
26.7
15.5
13.4
9.5
15.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
the Relation between time & gran size
Time Fine Sand Gravel

26. 0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
S/G/F & Time
Sand Fine gravel

27. Controllable Parameters

28. 2.3. Machine Used
• For the Dubai(1) Mine AMC used the DX700 Machine from SANDVIK
company
• In Hadawatib(2) AMC used D65 from Atlas Copco

34. Drilling Optimization:
• When developing a rotary drilling system, most of the
attention is usually given to the drill rig, the capital
equipment that requires significant investment and hence
a planned payback. The second priority in the system
tends to be choice of rotary tricone drill bit

35. The rotary drill string
• The primary purpose of the drill string is to transmit the
rotational torque and weight from the power source – the
rotary head of the rig – to the rock breaking drill bit

36. Shock absorber
• At the very top of the drill string – between the rotary head and
drill pipe – a shock absorber is commonly used. As the name
indicates, the intention of this tool is to reduce the negative
effects of harmful vibrations that travel back up the string as a
result of the drilling process.

37. Deck bushing
• To guide the drill string and reduce the risk of wobbling, a rotary
deck bushing is utilized at the drill rig deck opening. The deck
bushing guides the pipes to prevent reduction of rotary head
torque and assists with the final straightness of the hole.

38. Drill Pipe
• The role of the drill pipe is to transfer sufficient amounts of
rotational torque and weight to the drill bit. The goal is to
establish an optimal rate of penetration while still achieving an
acceptable life of the Tricone bit. The use of a strong and straight
alloy drill pipe is one of the best ways of preventing wobbling of
the drill string and hole deviation.

39. Bit sub adaptor or stabilizer
• To connect the bit to the drill pipe, a wear protected bit sub adaptor is
generally used when the rock formation is relatively competent, and not in
need of stabilization within the hole. In some softer, fractured rock
formations, it is worthwhile to consider the use of a stabilizer as an
alternative. The roller stabilizer contains three roller assemblies which
provide support against the hole walls, serving to both guide the drill bit in a
straight direction and pack the wall of the hole to prevent caving in.