The naming of taxonomic groups of plants is determined by nomenclatural types.This PPT explores the basic principles of ICBN with species emphasis on the nomenclatural types used in plant taxonomy intended for UG & PG students of Botany.
This presentation was given by Dr. Avishek Bhattacharjee in Botanical Nomenclature Course held in Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong in November 2016. This may be helpful to the undergraduate and post graduate Botany students to understand different types of taxonomic literature, especially Flora, Revision and Monograph.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & RootFatima Ramay
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of; India : 75% Amazon : 43% Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
This presentation was given by Dr. Avishek Bhattacharjee in Botanical Nomenclature Course held in Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Regional Centre, Shillong in November 2016. This may be helpful to the undergraduate and post graduate Botany students to understand different types of taxonomic literature, especially Flora, Revision and Monograph.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & RootFatima Ramay
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of; India : 75% Amazon : 43% Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification
APG I
APG II
APG III
APG IV
Molecular Based system
features and organization
Merits and demerits
Difference in APG system.
Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospemsshivduraigaran
The Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants (spermatophytes) that includes conifers (Pinophyta), cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός gymnos, "naked" and σπέρμα sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in Yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of micorrhiza(Pinus), while in some others(Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.
Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae and order Gnetales. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpion flies. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the Gnetum lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawater
Cytotaxonomy, And it's Procedure with special reference to evolution in primates.
This PPT is free for all..
Students can download it easily
It comprises of Cytotaxonomy, It's Procedure
And it's Significance with special reference to evolution in primates (Man and Chimpanzee).
For my Doc's, Material on Zoology..
Click on my website and download all Material easily..
Regards:
Ishtiyaq Mir
MSc Zoology
Kashmir,193201.
My specialization is on Biodiversity and Conservation, It's Management
Ecology and Environment
Invertebrates Diversity
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification
APG I
APG II
APG III
APG IV
Molecular Based system
features and organization
Merits and demerits
Difference in APG system.
Gnetum: A Powerpoint Presentation on Gymnospemsshivduraigaran
The Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants (spermatophytes) that includes conifers (Pinophyta), cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος (γυμνός gymnos, "naked" and σπέρμα sperma, "seed"), meaning "naked seeds". The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized state). The non-encased condition of their seeds stands in contrast to the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or solitary as in Yew, Torreya, Ginkgo.
The gymnosperms and angiosperms together compose the spermatophytes or seed plants. The gymnosperms are divided into six phyla. Organisms that belong to the Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, and Pinophyta (also known as Coniferophyta) phyla are still in existence while those in the Pteridospermales and Cordaitales phyla are now extinct.
By far the largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses, and relatives), followed by cycads, gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and Ginkgo biloba (a single living species). Roots in some genera have fungal association with roots in the form of micorrhiza(Pinus), while in some others(Cycas) small specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.
Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms, the sole genus in the family Gnetaceae and order Gnetales. They are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in the xylem. Some species have been proposed to have been the first plants to be insect-pollinated as their fossils occur in association with extinct pollinating scorpion flies. Molecular phylogenies based on nuclear and plastid sequences from most of the species indicate hybridization among some of the Southeast Asian species. Fossil-calibrated molecular-clocks suggest that the Gnetum lineages now found in Africa, South America and Southeast Asia are the result of ancient long-distance dispersal across seawater
Cytotaxonomy, And it's Procedure with special reference to evolution in primates.
This PPT is free for all..
Students can download it easily
It comprises of Cytotaxonomy, It's Procedure
And it's Significance with special reference to evolution in primates (Man and Chimpanzee).
For my Doc's, Material on Zoology..
Click on my website and download all Material easily..
Regards:
Ishtiyaq Mir
MSc Zoology
Kashmir,193201.
My specialization is on Biodiversity and Conservation, It's Management
Ecology and Environment
Invertebrates Diversity
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan.
This presentation has been designed to give the foundation of taxonomy in general and Plant Taxonomy in particular as a matter of pleasure to explore the diversity of the plant world.
A talk based on my chapter in _Species Problems and Beyond_ (CRC Press, 2022) in which I argue that some concepts are neither model-based as Nercessian argues, nor theory-derived, but come from the operative traditions as they develop out of folk concepts.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
This presentation intends to explore the communication of the cell within and others for sustainability along the regulation mechanisms by the cellular neural networks and others to sing the song of the life.
Bioenergetics is an important domain in biology. This presentation has explored ATP production and its optimum utilization in biological systems along with certain theories and experiments to give a bird's eye view of this important issue.
This presentation offers the bird's eye view of the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It also addresses the origin of eukaryotic cells from the prokaryotic cell by the endosymbiotic theory.
This presentation has been intended to offer a bird's eye view about the phylogenetic classification of the plant kingdom in general and the Engler and Prantl system in particular with merits and demerits.
This PPT has been made to explore the plant classification in general and the classification as made by Bentham & Hooker for the classification of the flowering plants. It also offers the history of plant classification along with the merits and demerits of this aforesaid classification.
Energy and the biological systems are joined together and no biological world is almost impossible without ATP. This study material intends to explore the beauty of ATP to drive different biological processes.
This PPT offers a bird's eye view of ICBN and its different rules along with regulations for the naming of plants. It also highlights the history of IBC and its contribution to plant taxonomy.
This presentation intends to offer the basic features of plant metabolism along with the different types of mechanisms to regulate and control the metabolic pathways.
Sex and sexuality are very common words in biology but para-sexuality is a little bit uncommon, several organisms in general and fungi in particular have the pleasure of sexuality to bring variations by beside sex. This PPT explores the beauty of para-sexuality for the academic fraternity.
Sex life in fungi is not less fascinating than in other organisms. Heterosexuality is a matter of pleasure to explore the diversity of sex in fungi along with its cause and consequences. You can find a pleasure to go through the content.
This PowerPoint wants to explore the bird's eye view of the reproduction of bacteria in general and the genetic recombination of bacteria in particular.
This presentation gives the bird's eye view of bacterial nutrition along with some other issues required to understand bacterial diversity as far as nutrition is concerned.
This presentation explores the food value of mushrooms along with the long-term and short-term storage procedures. It also offers a detailed account of the nutrients that remain present in the edible mushrooms.
If you want to explore the role of Cyanobacteria in soil fertility in general & Azolla-Anabena association in particular, you can visit this PowerPoint Presentation.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...
Taxonomy type concept
1. TAXONOMY-TYPE CONCEPT(18/4/20)
By N.SANNIGRAHI, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
ICBN has framed a number of rules of nomenclature of plant specimens.
Some of these are-
i. Ranks & endings of Taxa,
ii. Principle of Priority,
iii. Type Method,
iv. Citation of author,
v. Synonyms and related definitions,
vi. Names of Cultivated plants,
vii. Latin diagnosis,
viii. Effective & Valid Publication,
ix. Choice of names when the taxon rank is changed,
x. Choice of names when same rank is changed,
xi. Retention of names of divided taxa
2. • Xii. Retention of names of taxa on transference,
• Xiii. Rejection of names
• Xiv. Names of different taxa
The type method is a legal device to provide the
correct name for a taxon.A type specimen is a
herbarium sheet(Rarely drawing or photograph)
of a specimen which was used by the author to its
authentic description. According to Article 9 of
ICBN, the type of a genus is a species(The type
genus vernonia is V.noveboracensis(L.) Michx.)
3. • And the type of a family is a genus (e.g. Aster is the type genus of
the family-Asteraceae).
• Several kinds of types have been recommended by the ICBN to
make the nomenclature more scientific, accessible and holistic. They
are as follows:
• Holotype:It is a specimen used by the author in the original
publication as the nomenclatural type.
• Isotype: It is a duplicate specimen of the holotype if from the same
collection , with the same locality, date & number as the holotype.
• Lectotype: when the holotype was not designated or destroyed or
lost, a specimen selected by a competent researcher from the
original material studied by the author of the species.
• Neotype: It is a specimen selected to serve as a substitute for the
holotype when all material, on which the name of the taxon was
based, is missing.
4. • Nomenclatural type: It is the element with which the name of a
taxon is permanently associated.
• Syntype: It is one of the two or more specimen cited by the
author of a species when no holotype was designated; or
syntype is any of the two or more specimens originally
designated as types.
• Paratype or Co-types: It is a specimen other than the Isotype or
holotype. If two or more specimen have been cited as types by
the author, the remaining cited specimens are called Paratypes
or Co-types.
• Topotypes: It is a specimen collected from the same locality
from where the holotype was collected.
• The ICBN has greatly emphasised on the typification of the
taxa in order to bring about the stabilization f the names
having binomial landmark. THANK YOU
