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Taiga
This document discusses the taiga biome, also known as boreal forest or snow forest. The taiga is characterized by coniferous forests of pines, spruces and larches, and is found at high latitudes across northern Europe and Asia as well as parts of North America. It has a subarctic climate with short summers and long, cold winters. The soil of the taiga is young, thin, acidic and low in nutrients. Wildfire is a natural disturbance that shapes the composition and development of boreal forest stands, occurring every 50-200 years on average. The taiga biome faces threats from human activities, climate change, insects and pollution.
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Taiga
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- 2. Disambiguation Taiga also knownas boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces and larches. A different use of the term taiga is often encountered in the English language, with "boreal forest" used in the United States and Canada to refer to only the more southerly part of the biome, while "taiga" is used to describe the more barren areas of the northernmost part of the biome approaching the tree line and the tundra biome.
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- 4. Taiga ecoregions Palearctic borealforests/taiga East Siberian taiga Russia Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra Iceland Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests Russia Kamchatka-Kurile taiga Russia Northeast Siberian taiga Russia Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga Russia Sakhalin Island taiga Russia Scandinavian and Russian taiga Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden Trans-Baikal conifer forests Mongolia, Russia Urals montane tundra and taiga Russia West Siberian taiga Russia Romincka Forest Poland, Russia
- 5. Taiga ecoregions Nearctic Borealforests/taiga Alaska Peninsula montane taiga United States Central Canadian Shield forests Canada Cook Inlet taiga United States Copper Plateau taiga United States Eastern Canadian forests Canada Eastern Canadian Shield taiga Canada Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga Canada, United States Mid-Continental Canadian forests Canada Midwestern Canadian Shield forests Canada Muskwa-Slave Lake forests Canada Newfoundland Highland forests Canada Northern Canadian Shield taiga Canada Northern Cordillera forests Canada Northwest Territories taiga Canada South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens Canada Northern Lake Superior Taiga United States, Canada Southern Hudson Bay taiga Canada Yukon Interior dry forests Canada
- 6. Climate Subarctic climate Lowest annualaverage terrestrial biome after tundra and permanent icecaps Short humid summers (typically 18˚C) and long cold winters (typically -20˚C) High latitudes ensure little sun but long summer days (20h) Polar nights and midnight suns are common in arctic zone Precipitation 200-750 mm annually some areas 1000mm Recently glaciated creating depressions in the topography
- 7. Soil Young and poorin nutrients Thinness of the soil is due largely to the cold Fallen leaves and moss can remain on the forest floor for a long time Acidic due to the falling pine needles Clearings in the forest and in areas with more boreal deciduous trees, there are more herbs and berries growing Diversity of soil organisms are high
- 8. Flora Bering land bridge Largelyconiferous some parts deciduous Well adapted Wildfire Fauna Bering land bridge Small biodiversity 85 species mammals 300 species birds 130 species fish 32000 species insects
- 9. Fire Shaping the compositionand development of boreal forest stands High-intensity crown fires or severe surface fires 50-200 years between fire rotations
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- 11. Protection Boreal Forest ConservationFramework Wildfire suppression Taiga rescue network Replanting Prohibition