The document discusses the tundra ecosystem. Tundra regions are treeless and found in the Arctic and high mountains. They are snow-covered for most of the year until summer. The fauna of tundra have thick fur and fat layers to survive the harsh climate, and include polar bears, snow rabbits, penguins, and bison. Flora is limited to shrubs, sedges, and mosses due to the permanently frozen soil. The average temperature is below 0°C, sometimes dropping as low as -40°C, and snow covers the ground for about 8 months each year. Global warming is dramatically changing the Arctic tundra and stressing its animals.

1. TUNDRA ECOSYSTEM
NAME: HAMAD ALI SHAH
SEMESTER: BS 7TH SEMESTER
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

2. TUNDRA
Tundra ecosystem are treeless region found in arctic
and on the top of mountain .
Tundra lands are snow covered for much of the year
until summer brings a burst wildflowers.
Snow fall occur very frequently.

4.  FAUNA OF TUNDRA
 Fauna of tundra consist of mammals mostly.
 Animals of tundra have special adaptations for their
environment .
 They has thick skin and fur on their body.
 They also has thick fatty layer under the skin.

5. The examples of tundra fauna are
polar bear
snow rabbit
penguin
bissons
snow deer

8.  FLORA OF TUNDRA
 Flora of tundra consist of
 shrubs
 sedges
 mosses

9.  CLIMATE
Temperature of tundra is very harsh and average
temperature of the tundra is 10⁰C.
Sometimes the temperature reaches up to -40⁰C.
Snow fall occur about 8 months of the year

11.  SOIL
 The soil of tundra ecosystem is frozen and called as
permafrost.
 There fore it is difficult for vegetation to penetrate
their roots in frozen soil.
 Soil is not much fertile.
 40% of Canada is permafrost.

12. THREATS
 The arctic tundra is changing dramatically due to global
warming.
 Animals that are normally found in south like red fox is
now competing with arctic fox for food and territory.
 Animals are under stress due to global warming.

13. Thanks..