Temperate deciduous forests are located in eastern North America, western Europe, parts of Asia, and southern South America. These forests experience seasonal changes with cold winters and warm summers. Common tree species include oaks, hickories, maples, and beeches which lose their leaves in autumn to conserve water. The forest has three layers - a top canopy layer, middle shrub layer, and bottom forest floor layer of grasses and ferns. These forests provide habitat but are threatened by human development and agriculture.
Temperate forests are areas with high levels of precipitation and humidity that contain a variety of deciduous trees that shed their leaves in fall and winter. They have cool summers and cold winters, with temperatures ranging from 86°F to -22°F. Temperate forests are located in eastern Asia, western and central North America, and eastern North America. They support a wide variety of plants and animals and have distinct canopy, understory, and forest floor layers. Major threats include timber cutting, acid rain, invasive species, unsustainable forestry practices, and climate change. Conservation efforts include reducing car use, recycling, and choosing sustainable products.
Tropical rainforests exist within 28 degrees north and south of the equator. They receive high rainfall, have warm temperatures, and high humidity. Though they cover less than 6% of the Earth's land, they are home to 50% of animals and plants and produce 40% of the oxygen. The four main types are lowland equatorial evergreen, moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal, montane, and flooded forests. Rainforests have distinct layers - the forest floor, understory, canopy, and emergent layer - which each have unique environmental conditions and species adaptations.
A temperate forest biome is typically found in parts of eastern North America, southeast Canada, Europe, Japan, China, and Australia. These forests contain a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees as well as plants and support many animal species like squirrels, deer, bears, and mice. The climate is characterized by cold to moderate winters, warm summers, and year-round precipitation. Common plant types include broadleaf trees, conifers, shrubs, herbs, mosses, and ferns. Examples of animals include deer, black bears, bobcats, squirrels, mice, snakes, and raccoons. Food webs in this biome transfer energy from plants to various animal species.
Tropical rainforests are located in warm, tropical regions that receive high amounts of rainfall each year. They are characterized by dense vegetation and nutrient-poor soil. Tropical rainforests differ from temperate rainforests in that they have a warmer climate and receive much greater rainfall. Remaining tropical rainforests are found in dark green areas on maps and are structured into several layers from tall canopy trees to lower shrubs. Tropical rainforests are important because they contain a high percentage of the world's biodiversity and produce a large amount of the earth's oxygen. However, they are being threatened by activities like slash-and-burn agriculture which leads to deforestation.
The document discusses the temperate deciduous forest biome. It provides details about the climate, location, seasons, plants, and animals found in this biome. Some key points include:
- The temperate deciduous forest biome experiences four distinct seasons that cause plants to drop their leaves in autumn and regrow them in spring.
- These forests are located in eastern North America, Europe, parts of Asia, and have an average temperature of 50°F and rainfall of 30-60 inches per year.
- Both plants and animals have adaptations to survive the changing seasons, like trees dropping leaves and some animals hibernating or migrating in winter.
- Common trees include oak, maple, be
Deciduous forests have four distinct seasons and are located in parts of Eastern North America, Europe, Asia, South America, New Zealand, and Australia. Trees in deciduous forests lose their leaves in winter and the forest floor has five zones including the tree stratum, small trees and saplings, shrubs, herbs, and ground. Threats to deciduous forests include air and water pollution, climate change, logging, agriculture, invasive species, and mining. Animals like woodpeckers and plants have adapted to the deciduous forest environment through traits such as reinforced skulls, barbed tongues, showy flowers, and pollen adaptation to insufficient water supply.
This document provides information about grassland biomes. It describes the key characteristics of grasslands, including the dominance of grasses and lack of many trees. It discusses the two main types of grasslands: temperate and tropical. Temperate grasslands have distinct growing and dormant seasons while tropical grasslands have consistent warm weather. The document also examines various grassland ecosystems like savannas, prairies, and steppes. It profiles the many plant and animal species that thrive in grasslands, such as bison, prairie dogs, meadowlarks, and rattlesnakes. The role of fire in maintaining grassland ecology is also explained.
Temperate deciduous forests are located in eastern North America, western Europe, parts of Asia, and southern South America. These forests experience seasonal changes with cold winters and warm summers. Common tree species include oaks, hickories, maples, and beeches which lose their leaves in autumn to conserve water. The forest has three layers - a top canopy layer, middle shrub layer, and bottom forest floor layer of grasses and ferns. These forests provide habitat but are threatened by human development and agriculture.
Temperate forests are areas with high levels of precipitation and humidity that contain a variety of deciduous trees that shed their leaves in fall and winter. They have cool summers and cold winters, with temperatures ranging from 86°F to -22°F. Temperate forests are located in eastern Asia, western and central North America, and eastern North America. They support a wide variety of plants and animals and have distinct canopy, understory, and forest floor layers. Major threats include timber cutting, acid rain, invasive species, unsustainable forestry practices, and climate change. Conservation efforts include reducing car use, recycling, and choosing sustainable products.
Tropical rainforests exist within 28 degrees north and south of the equator. They receive high rainfall, have warm temperatures, and high humidity. Though they cover less than 6% of the Earth's land, they are home to 50% of animals and plants and produce 40% of the oxygen. The four main types are lowland equatorial evergreen, moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal, montane, and flooded forests. Rainforests have distinct layers - the forest floor, understory, canopy, and emergent layer - which each have unique environmental conditions and species adaptations.
A temperate forest biome is typically found in parts of eastern North America, southeast Canada, Europe, Japan, China, and Australia. These forests contain a mix of deciduous and coniferous trees as well as plants and support many animal species like squirrels, deer, bears, and mice. The climate is characterized by cold to moderate winters, warm summers, and year-round precipitation. Common plant types include broadleaf trees, conifers, shrubs, herbs, mosses, and ferns. Examples of animals include deer, black bears, bobcats, squirrels, mice, snakes, and raccoons. Food webs in this biome transfer energy from plants to various animal species.
Tropical rainforests are located in warm, tropical regions that receive high amounts of rainfall each year. They are characterized by dense vegetation and nutrient-poor soil. Tropical rainforests differ from temperate rainforests in that they have a warmer climate and receive much greater rainfall. Remaining tropical rainforests are found in dark green areas on maps and are structured into several layers from tall canopy trees to lower shrubs. Tropical rainforests are important because they contain a high percentage of the world's biodiversity and produce a large amount of the earth's oxygen. However, they are being threatened by activities like slash-and-burn agriculture which leads to deforestation.
The document discusses the temperate deciduous forest biome. It provides details about the climate, location, seasons, plants, and animals found in this biome. Some key points include:
- The temperate deciduous forest biome experiences four distinct seasons that cause plants to drop their leaves in autumn and regrow them in spring.
- These forests are located in eastern North America, Europe, parts of Asia, and have an average temperature of 50°F and rainfall of 30-60 inches per year.
- Both plants and animals have adaptations to survive the changing seasons, like trees dropping leaves and some animals hibernating or migrating in winter.
- Common trees include oak, maple, be
Deciduous forests have four distinct seasons and are located in parts of Eastern North America, Europe, Asia, South America, New Zealand, and Australia. Trees in deciduous forests lose their leaves in winter and the forest floor has five zones including the tree stratum, small trees and saplings, shrubs, herbs, and ground. Threats to deciduous forests include air and water pollution, climate change, logging, agriculture, invasive species, and mining. Animals like woodpeckers and plants have adapted to the deciduous forest environment through traits such as reinforced skulls, barbed tongues, showy flowers, and pollen adaptation to insufficient water supply.
This document provides information about grassland biomes. It describes the key characteristics of grasslands, including the dominance of grasses and lack of many trees. It discusses the two main types of grasslands: temperate and tropical. Temperate grasslands have distinct growing and dormant seasons while tropical grasslands have consistent warm weather. The document also examines various grassland ecosystems like savannas, prairies, and steppes. It profiles the many plant and animal species that thrive in grasslands, such as bison, prairie dogs, meadowlarks, and rattlesnakes. The role of fire in maintaining grassland ecology is also explained.
Temperate forests and tropical rain forestsAlen Shaji
The word forest is derived from Latin ‘Foris’ meaning outside, the reference being to village boundary fence, and must have included all uncultivated and uninhabitated land.
Today a forest is any land managed for the diverse purposes of forestry whether covered with trees, shrubs, climbers, etc.
The forest biomes include a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities.
Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for the growth of trees contribute greatly to the establishment of forest communities.
In addition, 50 mm rainfall is a pre-requisite for the trees.
The nature of soil, wind and air currents determines the distribution (abundance or sparseness) of forest vegetation.
The temperate forest biomes are characterized by a moderate climate and broad-leaved deciduous trees, which shed their
leaves in fall, are bare over winter and grow new foliage in the spring.
Tropical rainforests are defined by high precipitation, temperature, and humidity. They support a high level of biodiversity despite covering a small area of the planet. Plants and animals in rainforests have adapted to the dense canopy structure through traits like buttresses, prop roots, epiphytic growth, and camouflage. However, human activities like deforestation, overexploitation, mining, agriculture, and introducing invasive species are degrading many rainforests and reducing biodiversity.
The document discusses the tundra ecosystem. Tundra regions are treeless and found in the Arctic and high mountains. They are snow-covered for most of the year until summer. The fauna of tundra have thick fur and fat layers to survive the harsh climate, and include polar bears, snow rabbits, penguins, and bison. Flora is limited to shrubs, sedges, and mosses due to the permanently frozen soil. The average temperature is below 0°C, sometimes dropping as low as -40°C, and snow covers the ground for about 8 months each year. Global warming is dramatically changing the Arctic tundra and stressing its animals.
Temperate deciduous forests are located in eastern North America, ranging from southern Ontario and Quebec in the north to the Gulf Coast in the south. These forests have four distinct seasons, with wet springs and autumns and drier summers and winters. Common tree species include oak, maple, beech, and hickory. Plants lose their leaves in winter to conserve water and energy. Animals use adaptations like hibernation, migration, and food caching to survive the winter months when food is less available. Threats to these forests include deforestation for housing, lumber, and agriculture as well as pests like the emerald ash borer.
Temperate forests have moderate climates with rich soil and change throughout the four seasons. They are home to many plant and animal species but are often cleared for human development. The climate involves average temperatures around 50 degrees Fahrenheit with mild summers around 70 degrees and colder winters. Yearly precipitation ranges from 30-60 inches and is distributed evenly throughout the year. Common plants include fir, juniper, spruce and ferns while animals include wolves, cougars, wallabies, possums and giant pandas.
1) Tropical rainforests have four distinct vegetation layers: the emergent layer, canopy layer, understory layer, and ground layer.
2) Trees in the rainforest have adaptations like buttress roots and drip tips to withstand the wet conditions.
3) Biodiversity is extremely high in the rainforest, with many species of plants, animals, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods adapted to life in the dense canopy.
The tropical savanna is located north and south of the equator in Africa, Australia, and areas north of central deserts. It has two seasons - a wet season and dry season that each last 5-6 months. Common plants include grasses and shrubs, while large herbivores like zebras, rhinos, and giraffes are prevalent animal residents. The tropical savanna provides an important habitat for adapted species, and its preservation is important to maintain the surrounding ecosystem and food chain.
Temperate deciduous forests are found in parts of North America and Eastern Asia, and have four distinct seasons - spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall off the trees for winter, when the trees are bare. Many animal species in these forests hibernate through the cold winter and emerge to feed during the warmer seasons, though deforestation has reduced their habitat as land is cleared for agriculture and development.
The boreal forest, also known as the taiga, is the largest biome in the world. It spans northern regions including Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. The taiga has long, cold winters and short, mild summers with moderate rainfall mainly in summer. Plants and animals in the taiga are adapted to the harsh climate, with trees having needles and flexible branches to withstand heavy snow. Common animal species include moose, deer, lynx, and snowshoe hare. The taiga provides important resources but is threatened by logging, pollution, and climate change.
Coniferous forests are characterized by long, cold winters with abundant snowfall. Coniferous trees such as pines, spruces, and firs predominate in these forests. Common mammal inhabitants include lynx, moose, deer, and bears. Coniferous forests stretch across northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America between temperate grasslands and the polar tundra.
1. Biomes are defined as large regions characterized by distinct plant and animal life. The document discusses several major biomes including forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic biomes.
2. Each biome has unique abiotic factors like climate and soil that have shaped the adaptations of the plants and animals living there. For example, desert plants have small leaves or none at all to reduce water loss, while aquatic biomes range from freshwater to marine environments.
3. Many biomes are threatened by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and restore degraded ecosystems.
Temperate deciduous forests are located between 25-50 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They are found in eastern North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of South America and Australasia. Common plants include oak, beech, maple and hickory trees. Animals that inhabit these forests include white-tailed deer, raccoons, opossums, woodpeckers, and various insects, frogs, and birds. The climate is temperate with warm summers and cold winters, allowing the trees to lose their leaves seasonally.
The document defines tropical rainforests and provides information about their climate, layers, plants, animals, and threats from deforestation. It notes that tropical rainforests have year-round warmth and high humidity, giant bamboo can grow 9 inches per day, and the dense canopy means rain takes 10 minutes to reach the ground. It lists species diversity in South American butterflies, Central African plants, and Asian flying animals. The document also discusses the climate and rainfall in Philippine rainforests and provides statistics on deforestation rates.
The taiga biome has long, cold winters and short, cool summers with low precipitation. It is dominated by coniferous trees like spruce, fir, and pine that are adapted to the climate with needle-like leaves and thick bark. Common animal species include bears, wolves, lynx, and birds that have insulating fur or feathers. The taiga stores a large amount of carbon and covers a significant portion of the northern hemisphere.
This document discusses the major terrestrial biomes of the world. It defines biomes as large ecosystems characterized by climate and organisms adapted to that climate. The major biomes discussed include tropical rainforest, tropical dry forest, tropical savannah, desert, temperate grasslands, temperate woodlands/shrublands, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest/taiga, and tundra. For each biome, the document lists characteristics to research such as temperature, precipitation, soil type, common plants, animals, human impacts, and other interesting facts. Additional ecosystems described briefly are mountain ranges and polar ice caps.
Forest types and their management in PakistanSajidHussain361
The document provides an introduction to forests and forest types. It defines forests according to various international standards and outlines their key functions. These include carbon sequestration, oxygen production, habitat provision, erosion prevention, and more. The document then discusses factors that determine forest types such as climate, soil, geography, and biotic interactions. It proceeds to outline Pakistan's major forest types and the characteristics of each. Finally, it provides an overview of Pakistan's national forest policy and management approaches.
This document provides information about different biomes. It defines a biome as a large ecosystem characterized by a certain climate and type of vegetation. It describes the key characteristics of 8 terrestrial biomes (rainforest, tundra, taiga, desert, temperate deciduous forest, grasslands) and 3 aquatic biomes (marine, oceans, freshwater). It also includes the locations of these biomes around the world and describes the student's chosen terrestrial biome of tropical rainforest and aquatic biome of coral reef in more detail.
The document provides information about different types of terrestrial ecosystems. It defines terrestrial ecosystems as ecosystems that occur on land, as opposed to aquatic ecosystems. It notes that terrestrial ecosystems make up 28% of the world's area but contain much more variability in flora and fauna compared to aquatic ecosystems. The document then describes the major classifications of terrestrial ecosystems as biogeographic realms and biomes. It provides details on the six biogeographic realms and seven major biomes that characterize different terrestrial regions based on their climate and plant/animal life.
The temperate deciduous forest biome is located in parts of eastern North America, Europe, eastern Australia, eastern China, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand. These forests have warm, wet summers between 20-25°C and cool, wet winters that remain slightly above or below freezing. Common plant species include American beech, lady fern, pecan, white birch, and white oak, while animal species include the American bald eagle, American black bear, duckbill platypus, white-tailed deer, fat dormouse, and least weasel. Invasive species such as the Asian gypsy moth and brown fir long-horned beetle threaten these forests. Succession patterns include primary succession
The document summarizes the key characteristics of temperate deciduous forests, including the three distinct layers (canopy, subcanopy, ground layer). It describes some common plant species found in each layer and explains how they have adapted to the forest environment. It also discusses some of the animal species that live in these forests and the strategies they use to survive the cold winters, such as migration, hibernation, and insulation.
Temperate forests and tropical rain forestsAlen Shaji
The word forest is derived from Latin ‘Foris’ meaning outside, the reference being to village boundary fence, and must have included all uncultivated and uninhabitated land.
Today a forest is any land managed for the diverse purposes of forestry whether covered with trees, shrubs, climbers, etc.
The forest biomes include a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities.
Optimum conditions of temperature and ground moisture responsible for the growth of trees contribute greatly to the establishment of forest communities.
In addition, 50 mm rainfall is a pre-requisite for the trees.
The nature of soil, wind and air currents determines the distribution (abundance or sparseness) of forest vegetation.
The temperate forest biomes are characterized by a moderate climate and broad-leaved deciduous trees, which shed their
leaves in fall, are bare over winter and grow new foliage in the spring.
Tropical rainforests are defined by high precipitation, temperature, and humidity. They support a high level of biodiversity despite covering a small area of the planet. Plants and animals in rainforests have adapted to the dense canopy structure through traits like buttresses, prop roots, epiphytic growth, and camouflage. However, human activities like deforestation, overexploitation, mining, agriculture, and introducing invasive species are degrading many rainforests and reducing biodiversity.
The document discusses the tundra ecosystem. Tundra regions are treeless and found in the Arctic and high mountains. They are snow-covered for most of the year until summer. The fauna of tundra have thick fur and fat layers to survive the harsh climate, and include polar bears, snow rabbits, penguins, and bison. Flora is limited to shrubs, sedges, and mosses due to the permanently frozen soil. The average temperature is below 0°C, sometimes dropping as low as -40°C, and snow covers the ground for about 8 months each year. Global warming is dramatically changing the Arctic tundra and stressing its animals.
Temperate deciduous forests are located in eastern North America, ranging from southern Ontario and Quebec in the north to the Gulf Coast in the south. These forests have four distinct seasons, with wet springs and autumns and drier summers and winters. Common tree species include oak, maple, beech, and hickory. Plants lose their leaves in winter to conserve water and energy. Animals use adaptations like hibernation, migration, and food caching to survive the winter months when food is less available. Threats to these forests include deforestation for housing, lumber, and agriculture as well as pests like the emerald ash borer.
Temperate forests have moderate climates with rich soil and change throughout the four seasons. They are home to many plant and animal species but are often cleared for human development. The climate involves average temperatures around 50 degrees Fahrenheit with mild summers around 70 degrees and colder winters. Yearly precipitation ranges from 30-60 inches and is distributed evenly throughout the year. Common plants include fir, juniper, spruce and ferns while animals include wolves, cougars, wallabies, possums and giant pandas.
1) Tropical rainforests have four distinct vegetation layers: the emergent layer, canopy layer, understory layer, and ground layer.
2) Trees in the rainforest have adaptations like buttress roots and drip tips to withstand the wet conditions.
3) Biodiversity is extremely high in the rainforest, with many species of plants, animals, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and arthropods adapted to life in the dense canopy.
The tropical savanna is located north and south of the equator in Africa, Australia, and areas north of central deserts. It has two seasons - a wet season and dry season that each last 5-6 months. Common plants include grasses and shrubs, while large herbivores like zebras, rhinos, and giraffes are prevalent animal residents. The tropical savanna provides an important habitat for adapted species, and its preservation is important to maintain the surrounding ecosystem and food chain.
Temperate deciduous forests are found in parts of North America and Eastern Asia, and have four distinct seasons - spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall off the trees for winter, when the trees are bare. Many animal species in these forests hibernate through the cold winter and emerge to feed during the warmer seasons, though deforestation has reduced their habitat as land is cleared for agriculture and development.
The boreal forest, also known as the taiga, is the largest biome in the world. It spans northern regions including Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia. The taiga has long, cold winters and short, mild summers with moderate rainfall mainly in summer. Plants and animals in the taiga are adapted to the harsh climate, with trees having needles and flexible branches to withstand heavy snow. Common animal species include moose, deer, lynx, and snowshoe hare. The taiga provides important resources but is threatened by logging, pollution, and climate change.
Coniferous forests are characterized by long, cold winters with abundant snowfall. Coniferous trees such as pines, spruces, and firs predominate in these forests. Common mammal inhabitants include lynx, moose, deer, and bears. Coniferous forests stretch across northern regions of Europe, Asia, and North America between temperate grasslands and the polar tundra.
1. Biomes are defined as large regions characterized by distinct plant and animal life. The document discusses several major biomes including forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic biomes.
2. Each biome has unique abiotic factors like climate and soil that have shaped the adaptations of the plants and animals living there. For example, desert plants have small leaves or none at all to reduce water loss, while aquatic biomes range from freshwater to marine environments.
3. Many biomes are threatened by human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity and restore degraded ecosystems.
Temperate deciduous forests are located between 25-50 degrees latitude in both hemispheres. They are found in eastern North America, Europe, Asia, and parts of South America and Australasia. Common plants include oak, beech, maple and hickory trees. Animals that inhabit these forests include white-tailed deer, raccoons, opossums, woodpeckers, and various insects, frogs, and birds. The climate is temperate with warm summers and cold winters, allowing the trees to lose their leaves seasonally.
The document defines tropical rainforests and provides information about their climate, layers, plants, animals, and threats from deforestation. It notes that tropical rainforests have year-round warmth and high humidity, giant bamboo can grow 9 inches per day, and the dense canopy means rain takes 10 minutes to reach the ground. It lists species diversity in South American butterflies, Central African plants, and Asian flying animals. The document also discusses the climate and rainfall in Philippine rainforests and provides statistics on deforestation rates.
The taiga biome has long, cold winters and short, cool summers with low precipitation. It is dominated by coniferous trees like spruce, fir, and pine that are adapted to the climate with needle-like leaves and thick bark. Common animal species include bears, wolves, lynx, and birds that have insulating fur or feathers. The taiga stores a large amount of carbon and covers a significant portion of the northern hemisphere.
This document discusses the major terrestrial biomes of the world. It defines biomes as large ecosystems characterized by climate and organisms adapted to that climate. The major biomes discussed include tropical rainforest, tropical dry forest, tropical savannah, desert, temperate grasslands, temperate woodlands/shrublands, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, boreal forest/taiga, and tundra. For each biome, the document lists characteristics to research such as temperature, precipitation, soil type, common plants, animals, human impacts, and other interesting facts. Additional ecosystems described briefly are mountain ranges and polar ice caps.
Forest types and their management in PakistanSajidHussain361
The document provides an introduction to forests and forest types. It defines forests according to various international standards and outlines their key functions. These include carbon sequestration, oxygen production, habitat provision, erosion prevention, and more. The document then discusses factors that determine forest types such as climate, soil, geography, and biotic interactions. It proceeds to outline Pakistan's major forest types and the characteristics of each. Finally, it provides an overview of Pakistan's national forest policy and management approaches.
This document provides information about different biomes. It defines a biome as a large ecosystem characterized by a certain climate and type of vegetation. It describes the key characteristics of 8 terrestrial biomes (rainforest, tundra, taiga, desert, temperate deciduous forest, grasslands) and 3 aquatic biomes (marine, oceans, freshwater). It also includes the locations of these biomes around the world and describes the student's chosen terrestrial biome of tropical rainforest and aquatic biome of coral reef in more detail.
The document provides information about different types of terrestrial ecosystems. It defines terrestrial ecosystems as ecosystems that occur on land, as opposed to aquatic ecosystems. It notes that terrestrial ecosystems make up 28% of the world's area but contain much more variability in flora and fauna compared to aquatic ecosystems. The document then describes the major classifications of terrestrial ecosystems as biogeographic realms and biomes. It provides details on the six biogeographic realms and seven major biomes that characterize different terrestrial regions based on their climate and plant/animal life.
The temperate deciduous forest biome is located in parts of eastern North America, Europe, eastern Australia, eastern China, Japan, Korea, and New Zealand. These forests have warm, wet summers between 20-25°C and cool, wet winters that remain slightly above or below freezing. Common plant species include American beech, lady fern, pecan, white birch, and white oak, while animal species include the American bald eagle, American black bear, duckbill platypus, white-tailed deer, fat dormouse, and least weasel. Invasive species such as the Asian gypsy moth and brown fir long-horned beetle threaten these forests. Succession patterns include primary succession
The document summarizes the key characteristics of temperate deciduous forests, including the three distinct layers (canopy, subcanopy, ground layer). It describes some common plant species found in each layer and explains how they have adapted to the forest environment. It also discusses some of the animal species that live in these forests and the strategies they use to survive the cold winters, such as migration, hibernation, and insulation.
Temperate deciduous forests are located in areas with moderate rainfall and temperatures around 50 degrees Fahrenheit, including parts of North America, Europe, Russia, China, and Japan. These forests have high biodiversity and various tree species that lose their leaves seasonally. Humans have significantly impacted deciduous forests through deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, reducing forest coverage to about a third of its original extent. While more developed countries have enacted protections, less developed countries still lack resources to curb deforestation.
The chaparral biome is located along the western coast of the United States, southern South America, southwestern Australia, Spain, and parts of Africa. It consists of tangled shrubs and thorny bushes adapted to hot, dry summers and mild winters with nutrient-poor soils. Common plants include coyotes, jackrabbits, mule deer, and various lizards and toads. Periodic wildfires are an important part of maintaining the chaparral ecosystem.
The Tundra biome has very harsh conditions, with frozen soil and low biodiversity. Summers are short, with temperatures barely rising above freezing. Plants must grow and reproduce rapidly in this short summer season. They have adaptations like small leaves and the ability to grow through snow. Animals also have adaptations like thick fur and changing fur color between seasons. Predator and prey populations fluctuate together based on the availability of food sources like lemmings.
This document provides information about temperate deciduous forests. It describes the global distribution of these forests, their abiotic characteristics such as latitude, precipitation, and temperature. It discusses the different plant and animal species found in temperate deciduous forests, including the multiple plant zones and examples of common animals. The document also covers threats like pollution, human activity, invasive species, and provides examples of biotic relationships and energy flow within this biome.
Temperate forests are found in eastern Asia, central and western Europe, and eastern United States. They have distinct seasons with deciduous trees that lose their leaves in winter. Temperate forests have a precipitation range of 20-60 inches annually and temperature ranges from -22°F to 86°F. Common trees include maple, walnut, birch, dogwood, and redbud, while the forest floor contains herbs, lichens, mosses, and shrubs. Temperate forests are home to many animals such as squirrels, raccoons, foxes, coyotes, bears, deer, and birds.
Nutrient cycles describe the movement of nutrients through biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Nutrients are absorbed by plants and animals from the environment, enter the soil through decaying matter, and are recycled through uptake by plants, decomposition, and other pathways. The rate and pathways of nutrient cycling vary between biomes, with forests generally having slower cycling than rainforests due to differences in climate and litter decomposition rates.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population ecology. It discusses how populations are characterized by factors like range, dispersion, and density. Population size is determined by birth and death rates, which are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. Populations can grow exponentially without constraints but typically experience logistic growth limited by carrying capacity. Life history strategies like r-selected and K-selected influence patterns of reproduction and survivorship. Introduced invasive species sometimes grow rapidly without native controls.
Natural vegetation and Wildlife - Class VIIIAkanksha
Natural vegetation includes plants that grow without human intervention. Wildlife refers to animals that live in natural habitats away from human settlements. The document describes various types of natural vegetation like forests, grasslands, and shrubs found in different parts of the world based on climate and rainfall. It also discusses the characteristic wildlife found in each vegetation type, such as tropical forests being home to monkeys, apes, and snakes, while temperate grasslands support herbivores like wild horses and antelopes.
Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from lowest.pdfalokkesh1
Which of the following sets of biomes is placed in order from lowest to highest average annual
temperature?Tundra, woodland/shrubland, subtropical desertSubtropical desert, temperate
seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTropical seasonal forest, boreal forest,
woodland/shrublandTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra4.Which of the
following sets of biomes is placed in order from most to least biologically diverse?Boreal forest,
woodland/shrubland, tropical seasonal forestTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest,
tundraSubtropical desert, temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTundra,
woodland/shrubland, subtropical desertWhich of the following sets of biomes is placed in order
from lowest to highest average annual temperature?Tundra, woodland/shrubland, subtropical
desertSubtropical desert, temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forestTropical seasonal forest,
boreal forest, woodland/shrublandTropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra
Solution
Land Biomes
These are the 8 different land biomes in order from coldest to warmest
Tundra
Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes. Tundra comes from the Finnish word tunturi, meaning
treeless plain. It is noted for its frost-molded landscapes, extremely low temperatures, little
precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seasons. Dead organic material functions as a
nutrient pool. The two major nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen is created by
biological fixation, and phosphorus is created by precipitation. It is also the driest biome next to
the desert.
Characteristics of tundra include:
Extremely cold climate
Low biotic diversity
Simple vegetation structure
Limitation of drainage
Short season of growth and reproduction
Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
Large population oscillations
Coniferous Forest (also known as Taiga)
The Coniferous Forest is a forest of Conifers (too much to handle, isn\'t it?). A Conifer is a tree
that produces its seeds in cones. The Pine tree is the most common example. Conifer leaves
conserve water with the thick, waxy layer that covers their leaves, also known as needles. The
vegitation in the Coniferous forest is small in size, but large enough to feed the vast herbivore
population. Most of these animals survive the brutal winters by migrating or hibernating.
Average Annual Rainfall- 14-29.5 in.
Average Temperatures in the Summer- 57.2°F
Average Temperatures in the Winter- 14°F
Deciduous Forest (also known as temperate forest)
Deciduous forests can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the middle of Europe.
There are many deciduous forests in Asia. Some of the major areas that they are in are southwest
Russia, Japan, and eastern China. South America has two big areas of deciduous forests in
southern Chile and Middle East coast of Paraguay. There are deciduous forests located in New
Zealand, and southeastern Australia also.
The average annual temperature in a deciduous forest i.
This document provides information about different types of natural vegetation and wildlife found around the world. It describes various forests such as tropical rainforests, tropical deciduous forests, temperate evergreen forests, temperate deciduous forests, Mediterranean vegetation, and coniferous forests. It also provides details about different animal species found in these habitats, including tigers, golden langurs, elephants, giraffes, walruses, polar bears, earless seals, puffins, owls, and kingfishers.
Natural vegetation refers to plants that grow without human assistance. It is an important part of the physical environment and ecosystem, as plants provide food and resources for humans and animals. Natural vegetation can be classified into different types based on location and climate, including forest, grassland, and desert vegetation. The dominant types of forests include tropical rainforests near the equator and temperate coniferous forests at higher latitudes. Forests are important habitats, provide raw materials, help regulate climate, and are used for recreation.
Virgin vegetation grows naturally without human influence. Temperature, precipitation, soil type and other environmental factors determine the type of vegetation in a region. India has a wide variety of vegetation types ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine shrubs due to its varied climate and terrain. However, human activities like agriculture, industry and urbanization have degraded much of India's natural vegetation. Conservation efforts include protected areas like biosphere reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
India has a wide variety of natural vegetation and wildlife due to its diverse geography and climate, ranging from tropical forests to alpine zones. It is home to over 500 wildlife sanctuaries protecting rare species. The country's ecosystems support a great diversity of plant and animal life, including 96 national parks that help preserve habitats for mammals, birds, and other fauna across different forest types such as tropical wet evergreen forests, tropical dry deciduous forests, and mangrove forests. Wildlife can be found in all of India's ecosystems and habitats.
This document discusses different types of natural vegetation classified by climate and geography. It describes tropical evergreen forests, which are dense forests near the equator that receive heavy rainfall year-round. It also outlines tropical deciduous forests, found in parts of India and Central America, where trees shed leaves during the dry season to conserve water. Finally, it lists coniferous forests at high latitudes with softwood evergreen trees like pine and cedar that provide wood for paper, boxes and other products.
Forests are important ecosystems found around the world that provide habitat for many plants and animals. There are three main types of forests: coniferous, tropical rainforests, and deciduous. Coniferous forests have conifer trees that retain their needles and are found in cold climates. Tropical rainforests are located near the equator and have high biodiversity but are being cut down. Deciduous forests are located in temperate regions and have broad-leafed trees that lose their leaves seasonally. Tropical rainforests have four layers - the emergent, canopy, understory, and forest floor - each with different environmental conditions.
Class 7 chapter 6 , natural vegetation and wild life PoonamMudaliar
This ppt is class 7 Geography, chapter 6 , Natural vegetation and wild life, NCERT and Chhattisgarh board.
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Deciduous forests are characterized by trees that shed their leaves seasonally. They are found in regions that experience changes in temperature and precipitation over the year. Deciduous trees have adaptations that allow them to withstand these environmental changes, such as broad leaves that capture sunlight for photosynthesis in the summer but are shed in winter to conserve water. The forest supports an energy pyramid with plants at the bottom level and increases in carnivores at each higher level, but 90% of energy is lost at each transfer between trophic levels, limiting how many organisms can be supported at the top.
This document provides information about different ecosystems and biomes. It defines an ecosystem as the interactions between living and nonliving things in a place, and a biome as a large region with similar climate and organisms. It then describes several major biomes in more detail, including tundra, temperate forest, tropical rainforest, desert, savanna, grassland, and chaparral. Each biome section provides examples of characteristic plants, animals, climates, and locations.
This document provides information about different ecosystems and biomes. It defines an ecosystem as the interactions between living and nonliving things in a place, and a biome as a large region with similar climate and organisms. It then describes several major biomes in more detail, including tundra, temperate forest, tropical rainforest, desert, savanna, grassland, and chaparral. Each biome section provides examples of characteristic plants, animals, climates, and locations.
There are three main types of forests: coniferous, temperate broadleaf, and tropical. Coniferous forests include taiga, temperate needleleaf rainforest, woodlands, southern pine forests, and montane forests. Temperate broadleaf forests include deciduous forests and evergreen rainforests. Tropical forests include rainforests, montane rainforests, seasonal forests, and dry forests. Forests have distinct structures with canopies, understories, and forest floors that provide habitat for diverse plant and animal life.
India has great biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species and 90,000 animal species. The country's natural vegetation varies significantly based on climate and geographic factors like elevation, soil type, rainfall, and temperature. Forests range from tropical wet evergreen forests to deciduous forests, thorn forests, and alpine forests. India's forests support a vast variety of plant and animal life, including elephants, tigers, lions, and rhinoceros. However, human activity like agriculture, industry, and overexploitation of resources has degraded much of India's natural habitats and endangered many species. The government has established protected areas and conservation programs to help preserve India's rich biodiversity.
The document summarizes 10 different biomes of the world: tropical rainforest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, desert, temperate grassland, temperate woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, coniferous forest, boreal forest, and tundra. For each biome, it describes the typical plants, animals, and other features like location and climate.
Montane forests are found in high-altitude, hilly locations between 1000-3000 meters above sea level. They have a temperate climate with average annual temperatures between 11-14°C and high rainfall. Trees like birch, pine, and fur are common, and animals like Tibetan antelope, yak, and red pandas can be found. Montane forests are located in mountainous regions around the world, including the Himalayas, Alps, and Appalachians.
Bale Mountains National Park is located in Ethiopia and contains diverse landscapes and vegetation zones ranging from juniper and Kosso forests to heather moorlands and Afro-Alpine meadows. The park offers opportunities for hiking, horseback riding, and viewing endemic wildlife such as Mountain Nyala and Semien Fox. The park contains volcanic peaks, lakes, streams, and deep gorges and experiences a wet and dry season, with the dry season from November to February being the best time to visit. Vegetation varies with altitude and includes forests, heather zones, and Afro-Alpine meadows dominated by plants like Helichrysum and Alchemilla that provide habitat for birds and other
Coniferous forests are dominated by cone-bearing evergreen trees adapted to cold climates. They have reduced leaf surfaces and remain green year-round to maximize growth during short northern seasons. Species like pines, spruces, and firs are common. Porcupines, squirrels, and birds consume their seeds. Owls and weasels control rodent populations. Moose are the largest browsing herbivores. Fires, though once suppressed, play a natural role in renewing coniferous forests.
The document discusses the dilemma men face regarding expressing emotions. It notes that men are often socialized not to show emotions and to remain tough. However, repressing emotions can take a toll on men's health and relationships. The document explores how cultural expectations shape views of appropriate "male" emotions like anger and aggression over emotions seen as weak like fear and sadness. Not expressing a full range of emotions can lead men to suffer emotionally and increase risks of health issues, relationship problems, and psychological disorders.
This document defines nationalism in America as the political, psychological, and cultural unity among U.S. citizens. It takes two main forms: civic nationalism, based on shared political values regardless of ethnicity, and ethnic nationalism, based on shared ethnicity. The document discusses how nationalism in America has shifted from being based on ethnicity during slavery to the current dominance of civic nationalism. It also notes some potential problems with nationalism, such as feelings of superiority and irrational policymaking, especially in international relations. The document concludes by arguing the U.S. should control excessive nationalism and rethink its foreign policies and international image.
The document discusses the employee's viewpoint in managing the employee relationship. It describes how considering the employee's viewpoint is critical and how employees have mechanisms to participate in decision making, present grievances, and influence the employer's actions. It also outlines several processes for employee involvement, including employee involvement and participation programs, quality circles where employees and supervisors meet to discuss workplace issues, and collective bargaining where employee representatives negotiate with management over pay and employment conditions.
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The document discusses the differing approaches to macroeconomic policy between Democrats and Republicans in the United States. Democrats generally favor greater government intervention in the economy through policies like higher taxes on the wealthy, increasing the minimum wage, and increased spending on social programs. Republicans typically support less government intervention through lower taxes applied equally, allowing market forces to determine wages and prices, and lower spending on social programs in favor of defense and private industry. Both parties also share some common ground on environmental issues.
This document discusses harassment and discrimination. It defines harassment as subjecting individuals to unwanted behaviors that upset them, and discrimination as denying individuals benefits or social inclusion based on their traits. Harassment and discrimination violate human rights and are common problems. They infringe on individuals' rights and certain characteristics like race, gender, age, disability or appearance increase susceptibility. The effects include low self-esteem, denial of rights and opportunities, reduced social participation, inequalities, tensions among groups, and in some cases abuse. Essential solutions include governments enacting legal protections, public education, empowering minority groups, and ensuring their representation.
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2. Description
Also known as temperate broad-leaf forests.
Mainly characterized by trees that lose their leaves every
year.
Located at the center of latitude areas
Between polar and the tropic regions.
Areas exposed to cold and warm air, influencing their
experience of four seasons.
Temperature variance in these regions from season to
season
Cold winters and hot or wet summers.
Receive between 750-1500 mm of rainfall every year, evenly
spread
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3. Description
As trees prepare for winter, they change color and drop
their leaves.
Use the mechanism to survive in such conditions.
Other adaptations to the cold winters:
Dormancy and going to sleep
Thick barks, offering protection from cold weather.
Trees grow and flower during summer and the spring
seasons, when weather is bearable.
Plants in forest are mainly shrubs, herbs.
Most trees have broad leaves.
Deciduous means “falling off or out at a certain season”
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4. Location
In the temperate zones
Upper side of the tropical forests and on the lower side of the
coniferous forests.
In most parts of Europe, eastern part of North America, Asia and in
some parts of Japan.
However, seem to be diminishing in these areas.
Due to human activity and climate change.
In regions with very rich soils; good for agricultural practice.
Little natural deciduous forests left; eliminated for the purposes of
farming.
Other temperate forests in Eastern North America - between 35-480N
Also on the other side in Europe and Asia - around 45-600N
Some deciduous forests in the southern hemisphere,
Plants, animals found here are different from those in northern
deciduous forests.
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5. Types of plants
Dominated by eucalyptus trees, fir, pine, spruce, cypress, and
giant Sequoia.
Characterized by hardy trees able to survive extreme weather.
Five zones in deciduous forests:
i. tree stratum zone- 60 and 100 feet tall beech, oak, maple,
chestnut hickory, basswood, elm, walnut, and sweet gum
trees.
ii. sapling and small tree - young and short trees.
iii. shrub zone - shrubs like rhododendrons, azaleas,
huckleberries and mountain laurel
iv. herb zone - herbal plants.
v. Ground zone - mainly the lichen, true mosses and the club
mosses.
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6. Types of animals
Great diversity of animal life
Insects, slugs, spiders, salamanders and turtles.
Broad-winged hawks, snowy owls, pileated
woodpeckers, and cardinals
Mammals: raccoons, white-tailed deer, opossum, red
foxes and porcupines.
Have adaptations to changing climatic conditions of
the area.
Some hibernate, others migrate during harsh
conditions
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7. Economic significance
Huge biodiversity
Home to broad variety of plant, animal species
Rich resource in balancing the ecosystem
Trees a rich source of lumber for houses, other wood
products.
Excellent sites for hiking, camping, tourism
Rich source of employment to the people around.
Good source of herbal medicine, used in medical
fields
Rich agricultural resources
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8. Threats
Global warming – the greenhouse effect.
Desertification, loss of biodiversity.
Human activity, industrialization causing heavy
logging
Mining, illegal harvesting of plants, animals –
poaching
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