The document discusses different climates and their associated biomes. It defines climate and describes several key climates including tropical wet, tropical monsoon, tropical wet and dry, hot and cold arid deserts, semi-arid hot and cold, temperate Mediterranean, humid subtropical, oceanic, humid continental, cold continental, subarctic, tundra, and polar ice cap. For each climate, it provides examples of locations and discusses the typical soil, fauna, and vegetation, known as biomes, found in areas with that climate. Biomes include tropical forest, savanna, desert, grasslands, deciduous forest, taiga, and tundra.

1. Material created by
IZASKUN IBAÑEZ
Teacher at Ander Deuna Ikastola

2. Climate encompasses the statistics of:
Temperature
Humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Wind
Precipitation
in a given region over long periods, and is affected
by
Latitude
Terrain
Altitude
nearby water bodies and their currents.
Weather is the mix of events that happens each
day in our atmosphere regarding temperature,
humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind and
precipitation.

3. Is divided into different climatic regions.
And each of those CLIMATES affects each region’s
- FAUNA
- VEGETATION
- SOIL TYPE
- Circumstances
of human
population

4. That is…
In the Basque Country we don’t have coconut trees or iguanas
because our climate is not tropical!
The relationship
between climate
and fauna and
vegetation is not a
coincidence!
However, we have oak
trees, squirrels etc
in our forests. And the
leaves’ color is different
In Autumn, unlike in the
evergreen tropical trees.

5. ( or NATURAL HABITAT TYPE)
The sum of animals
and vegetation
which develop
under the same
climatic
condictions.

6. TROPICAL DRY CLIMATES TEMPERATE CLIMATES CONTINENTAL CLIMATES POLAR CLIMATES
CLIMATES
Tropical Dry ARID HOT DESERT Temperate HUMID Continental Polar TUNDRA
WET MEDITERRANEAN
Tropical Dry ARID COLD DESERT Temperate HUMID COLD Continental Polar ICE CAP
MONSOON SUBTROPICAL
Tropical Dry semi-arid hot desert Temperate Continental SUBARTIC
WET & DRY OCEANIC (Boreal or Taiga)
Dry semi-arid cold desert

7. Each of the climates determines a biome
CLIMATE The BIOME we will find in a place with
that climate
For example: Tropical WET TROPICAL FOREST
In a territory Tropical MONSOON TROPICAL FOREST
Tropical WET & DRY GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)
with a Dry ARID HOT DESERT DESERT (HOT DESERT)
tropical wet Dry ARID COLD DESERT DESERT (COLD DESERT)
climate, Dry SEMI-ARID HOT GRASSLAND
we will find Dry SEMI-ARID COLD
Temperate MEDITERRANEAN
GRASSLAND (STEPPE)
GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)
a tropical Temperate HUMID SUBTROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
forest Temperate OCEANIC DECIDUOUS FOREST
biome. HUMID Continental DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
COLD Continental GRASSLND (STEPPE)
And as Continental SUBARTIC TAIGA
follows: Polar TUNDRA TUNDRA
Polar ICE CAP ICE CAP

8. BIOME CLASSIFICATION
DESERTS
GRASSLANDS
FORESTS
TUNDRA
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

9. CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL WET TROPICAL FOREST
PHILIPPINES
AMAZONAS
AFRICA GHANA

10. CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL MONSOON TROPICAL FOREST
INDIA

11. CLIMATE BIOME
TROPICAL WET & DRY GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)
Australian Savanna
African Savanna

12. CLIMATE BIOME
DRY ARID HOT DESERT DESERT (HOT DESERT)
ARABIA CHIHUAHUA
SAHARA KALAHARI

13. CLIMATE BIOME
DRY ARID COLD DESERT DESERT (COLD DESERT)
ATACAMA GOBI
GREAT BASIN IRANIAN DESERT

14. CLIMATE BIOME
DRY SEMI-ARID HOT GRASSLAND
SAHEL (AFRICA)
SAHEL
The Sahel is a clear example of a
semi-arid hot zone:
a transition zone between a deser and
a savanna

15. CLIMATE BIOME
DRY SEMI-ARID COLD GRASSLAND (STEPPE)
KAZAKHSTAN RUSSIA
MONGOLIA PATAGONIA

16. CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE MEDITERRANEAN GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)

17. CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE HUMID SUBTROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
ARGENTINA
USA
USA
ARGENTINA

18. CLIMATE BIOME
TEMPERATE OCEANIC DECIDUOUS FOREST

19. CLIMATE BIOME
HUMID CONTINENTAL DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND
IOWA WISCONSIN
Grassland in the driest part

20. CLIMATE BIOME
COLD CONTINENTAL GRASSLAND
CANADA

21. CLIMATE BIOME
CONTINENTAL SUBARTIC (BOREAL or TAIGA) TAIGA

22. CLIMATE BIOME
POLAR TUNDRA TUNDRA

23. CLIMATE BIOME
POLAR ICE CAP ICE CAP
GREENLAND
ICELAND
PATAGONIA

24. THEN… IS “SAVANNA” A BIOME?
SAVANNA is a type of GRASSLAND.
Some consider GRASSLANDS as a MAJOR BIOME and its varieties as SUB-BIOMES
and others consider each of the varieties a different BIOME.
But WHY?
Because each of the VARIETIES of GRASSLANDS occurs under DIFFERENT CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS and we said that Biomes where “The sum of animals and vegetation
which develop under the same climatic conditions”.
GRASSLANDS
SAVANNA PRAIRIE CHAPARRAL STEPPE PAMPA
Africa USA Mediterranean Mid Asia Argentina
Australia areas
India
Tropical wet & dry - Continental - Temperate - Cold - Humid
- Dry Mediterranean Continental subtropical
semiarid - Dry Semiarid

25. TROPICAL FOREST

26. TROPICAL (WET)
CLIMATE
TROPICAL (Monsoon)
• It rains all the year.
• There are no seasons.

27. LOCATION
• NEAR THE EQUATOR
• South America, western Africa & Southeast
Asia

28. SOIL
• POOR
• The rain takes all
the soil’s nutrients.
Low fertility for
agriculture

29. FAUNA
MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANET
Jaguars, pumas, monkeys, toucans, frogs,
iguanas, butterflies, snakes, exotic birds…

30. VEGETATION
• MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANET
• Lianas, epiphytes, bromeliads,
mangroves, coconut tree…

31. SAVANNA

32. SAVANNA is a variety of GRASSLANDS

33. GRASSLAND VARIETIES: PRAIRIES, STEPPES, PAMPAS,
CHAPARRAL and SAVANNA
PRAIRIES in North America, PAMPA in Argentima
and STEPPE in mid Asia.
SAVANNA
CHAPARRAL

34. Tropical wet & dry
Only 2 seasons: CLIMATE OF THE SAVANNA
A rainy and hot one
A dry and warm one
(the fire’s season)

35. LOCATION
North and south of the
Equator, between trop.
Forest and desert.

36. SOIL
Only a thin layer of
humus, which provides
vegetation with
nutrients.
FERRUGINOUS (it has
iron – red colour)

37. FAUNA
BIG ANNIMALS

38. VEGETATION
Baobab
Acacia
Grass
Baobab

39. DESERT
HOT (main precipitation: rain)
COLD (main precipitations: snow and fog)

40. CLIMATE
DRY CLIMATE
ARID
HOT DESERT
DRY CLIMATE
ARID
COLD DESERT

41. LOCATION
Near the tropics

43. SOIL
HARD and DRY. SANDY or ROCKY. INFERTILE.

44. FAUNA
Nocturnal and many underground animals
(Insects, reptiles, arachnids, birds, mammals

45. VEGETATION
Precipitation is too low to substain vegetation

46. DECIDUOUS FOREST
(temperate forest)

47. CLIMATE
TEMPERATE/MODERATE (The mid latitudes) Oceanic and humid
subtropical.. (4 seasons. Temperatures are not extreme)

48. LOCATION
Europe / Eastern USA , Australia, China / Japan

49. SOIL
RICH and good for
agriculture

50. FAUNA

51. Eagles, squirrels, bears, elks, deers, coyotes

52. American buffalos, beavers, raccoons, skunks,
birds, foxes, wolves

53. VEGETATION
BROAD LEAF TREES:
Oak, Beech, Maple,
Elm, Willow…

54. OAK
BEECH
MAPLE

55. TAIGA
(Boreal forests)

56. CLIMATE
COLD / CONTINENTAL (Boreal-Taiga)

57. LOCATION
North America, Eurasia

58. SOIL
PERMAFROST (with a light ice layer visible or underneath)
PODZOL (with a layer of ash and reddish due to oxid and iron)

59. FAUNA
Elks, deers, beavers, woodpeckers, hawks, bears,
lynx, foxes, wolves, bats…

60. VEGETATION
Cold-tolerant evergreen conifers with needle-
like leaves: PINE, FIR and SPRUCE

61. TUNDRA

62. CLIMATE
POLAR (Tundra)

63. LOCATION
Near the North Pole

64. SOIL
PERMAFROST

65. FAUNA
Migratory birds, mammals (caribou, squirrels,
artic foxes, wolves, polar bears)

66. VEGETATION
Lichens (plantlike organisms made up of an alga and a fungus)