Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
Caring for perioperative clients
Contents Outline
Objectives.
Introduction.
Phases of perioperative care.
Types of surgery.
Categories of surgery based on urgency.
Preoperative assessment.
Surgical risk factors.
Preoperative preparation.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in preoperative phase.
Postoperative care.
Nursing diagnosis and intervention in postoperative period.
Postoperative complications.
this topic is on bed sores. discusses the definition, etiology , pathophysiology of bed sore development as well as prevention and managemene of pressure sores
this topic is on bed sores. discusses the definition, etiology , pathophysiology of bed sore development as well as prevention and managemene of pressure sores
MBBS STUDENTS UNDER GRADUATES ..WITH USES PROPERTIE IMAGES......FOLEYS CATHETER MALECOTS CATHETER ARTERY FORCEPS SMALL MEDIUM LARGE RETRACTOR KELLYS SURGERY SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS MBBS STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATES SUTURE MATERIALS MAYOS SCISSORS MBBS STUDENTS UNDER GRADUATES .......LISTERS SINUS FORCEPS....RIGHT ANGLED FORCEPS....KOCHERS CLAMP...suture material suture removal Jolls thyroid retractor .....WITH USES PROPERTIE IMAGES......FOLEYS CATHETER MALECOTS CATHETER ARTERY FORCEPS SMALL MEDIUM LARGE RETRACTOR KELLYS SURGERY SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS MBBS STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATES SUTURE MATERIALS MAYOS SCISSORS ..FOLEYS CATHETER ....3 WAY 2WAY RYLES TUBE.........HILTONS METHOD ..ALLIS .... MOSQUITO . LANES FORCEPS ....Lanes twin anastomosis clamp......MALECOTS CATHETER.. ARTERY FORCEPS..... SMALL MEDIUM LARGE ......RETRACTOR ....KELLYS ....SURGERY SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS MBBS STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATES..... SUTURE MATERIALS.... MAYOS SCISSORS
...........................MBBS STUDENTS UNDER GRADUATES ..COMPARISON WITH IMAGES NOTES FROM LECTURE CLASSES.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Xu Beihong - Painting as a nationalistic propaganda of enforcing China for po...VincentKwunLeungLee
A 9000-word research as a final-year project of "Master of Social Science in Contemporary China Studies" at HKBU, with Prof. Ricardo Mak King-sang as Supervisor
Peri-operative Nursing/Anesthesia/Pain ManagementWasim Ak
The care provide during surgical intervention (pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative period) is known as Peri-operative Nursing Care.
Peri-operative Nursing Care includes :
Pre-operative Nursing Care
Intra-operative Nursing Care
Post-operative Nursing Care.
Anesthesia means “loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness” .
Medications that cause anaesthesia, are called Anesthetics.
Anesthesia is defined as a temporary state consisting of unconsciousness, loss of memory, lack of pain, and muscle relaxation.
Anesthesia is defined as a loss of feeling or awareness caused by drugs or other substances which keeps patient free from feeling pain during surgery or other procedures.
History and physical assessment of integumentary systemSiva Nanda Reddy
this topic describes the assessment of integumentary system, history and physical examination in relation to integumatary system was described in detail
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
surgery types - classification
1.
2.
3.
4. PERI OPERATIVE NURSING
• Peri operative nursing is the
nursing care given
before(Pre operative period),
during (Intra operative
period)and after surgery(Post
operative period).
5. • It includes all the 3 phases
of surgery.
1.Pre operative phase
2.Intra operative phase
3.Post operative phase
PERI OPERATIVE NURSING
6. It is the time period that
begins when the decision is
made for surgery until the
client is transferred to the
Operation Theatre (OT).
PRE OPERATIVE PHASE
7. It is the time period from
which the patient is
transferred to the operation
table and continues till the
patient transferred to the
post operative recovery area.
INTRA OPERATIVE PHASE
8. This phase starts from the
admission into the recovery
area and continues until the
client is discharged from the
care of the surgeon.
POST OPERATIVE PHASE
9. Surgery is a procedure that involves
cutting of a patient's tissues or
closure of a previously sustained
wound.
(Or)
Surgery is defined as the treatment
of injuries or disorders of the body by
incision or manipulation, especially
with instruments.
SURGERY
12. • It is a procedure that is pre
planned and based on patients
choice and availability of
scheduling for the patient,
surgeon and the facility.
• Delay of surgery has no ill
effects.
ELECTIVE SURGERY
14. • Must be done with in a reasonably
short time frame to preserve health.
Usually done with in 24 – 48 hours
• Examples
Removal of gall bladder
Amputation
Appendectomy
URGENT SURGERY
15. • Must be done immediately to
preserve life, a body part or
function.
• Examples
Control of haemorrhage
Repair of trauma ,perforated
ulcers , intestinal obstruction.
EMERGENCY SURGERY
17. • Major surgery requires
hospitalization and specialized
care, is usually prolonged, has
a higher degree of risk,
involves major body organs or
life threatening situations, and
has a greater risk for
postoperative complications.
MAJOR SURGERY
19. • Minor surgery is usually brief,
carries a low risk and results in
few complications.
• Minor surgeries are mostly
elective.
• Examples
Teeth extraction
Cataract extraction
MINOR SURGERY
21. • Surgeries to make or confirm
a diagnosis
• Examples
Biopsy
Broncho Scopy
Endo Scopy
1. DIAGNOSTIC SURGERY
22. 2. ABLATIVE SURGERY
• Surgeries To remove a
diseased body part.
• Examples
Appendectomy
Amputation
23. 3.PALLIATIVE SURGERY
• Surgeries to relieve or
reduce intensity of an
illness. It is not curative.
• Examples.
Colostomy
Nerve root resection
24. 4. RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
• Surgeries to restore function to
traumatized or malfunctioning
tissue or to improve self concept.
• Examples.
Scar revision
Plastic surgery
Internal fixation of a fracture
Breast reconstruction
25. 5.TRANSPLANTATION SURGERY
• Surgeries to replace organs
or structures that are
diseased or malfunctioning
• Examples
Kidney, liver, heart
transplantation.
26. 6.CONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
• Surgeries To restore
functions in congenital
anomalies.
• Examples
Cleft lip Repair
Closure of Atrial Septal
Defect
30. LOCAL ANAESTHESIA
• Local anaesthesia involves the
injection of local anaesthetic into the
tissues near the surgical site.
• It is usually used for minor surgery,
such as toe nail repair, skin lesion or a
cut to remove something (Biopsy).
• Examples of local anaesthetics
LIDOCAINE
LIGNO CAINE
31. GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
• General anaesthesia involves the patient
being put into a medication-induced state
in which the patient will not respond to
pain and includes changes in breathing
and circulation.
• Under general anaesthetic, a patient is in a
state of carefully controlled
unconsciousness.
Examples of general anaesthetics
Halothane
Nitrous oxide+ oxygen
32. REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
• Regional anaesthesia involves the
injection of local anaesthetic around
major nerve bundles.
• Once local anaesthetic is injected in
the desired region, patients may
experience numbness and tingling in
the area supplied by the nerves and it
may become difficult or impossible to
move that part of the body.
33. REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
• Epidural anaesthetic - a type of
regional anaesthetic usually
used to numb the lower half
of the body and good for pain
relief - for example, during
labour and childbirth.
35. REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
• Spinal anaesthetic - a type of regional
anaesthetic used to give total numbness
lasting about three hours to the lower parts
of the body so that surgery can be safely
carried out in this area
• Examples of regional anaesthetics
Lidocaine
Lignocaine
Bupivacaine
Tetracaine
37. CONSCIOUS SEDATION
• Conscious sedation is defined as a
medication-induced state that reduces the
patient’s level of consciousness during
which the patient may respond purposefully
to verbal commands or light touch.
• Drugs used
MIDAZOLAM
FENTANYL
MORPHINE
38. SIDE EFFECTS
Some of the common side effects that can
occur after having a general anaesthetic
and some regional anaesthetics include:
Infection
Vomiting
Dizziness and feeling faint
Feeling cold or shivering
Headache
Itchiness
Difficulty passing urine
Aches and pains
39. COMPLICATIONS
An allergic reaction to
an anaesthetic medication. Eg:
Liganocaine
Permanent nerve damage -
which can cause numbness
or paralysis
Death