An In-Depth Concept of Surface chemistry For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More. https://bit.ly/2IugQ4U

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The accumulation of molecular species at
the surface rather than in the bulk of a solid
or liquid is termed as Adsorption.
The molecular species or substance, which
concentrates or accumulates at the surface
is termed Adsorbate & the material on
the surface of which the adsorption takes
place is called Adsorbent.
ADSORPTION

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Adsorption- The substance is concentrated
only at the surface & does not penetrate
through the surface to the bulk of the solid.
Absorption- The substance is uniformly
distributed throughout the bulk of the solid.
Both adsorption and absorption can take
place simultaneously also, & termed
as Sorption
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ADSOPTION & ABSORPTION

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A kind of adsorption in which the
accumulation of adsorbate on the surface of a
solid occurs on account of weak van der
Waals’ forces, is termed as physical
adsorption or physisorption.
A kind of adsorption in which the molecules
or atoms are held to the solid surface by
chemical bonds, is termed as chemical
adsorption or chemisorption.
TYPES OF ADSORPTION

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TYPES OF ADSORPTION

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The variation in the amount of adsorbate
adsorbed by the adsorbent with pressure at
const. temperature is expressed by a curve
termed as adsorption isotherm.
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS
FREUNDLICH ADSORPTION ISOTHERM:

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To adsorb poisonous gases in Gas masks.
To remove colours from solutions
For producing high vacuum.
To control humidity.
As a heterogeneous catalyst.
For separating inert gases.
In chromatographic analysis.
APPLICATIONS OF ADSORPTION

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Colloids is a heterogeneous mixture in which
one substance is dispersed (called dispersed
phase) as very fine particles in another
substance called dispersion medium.
range of diameters is in between 1 and 1000
nm
COLLOIDS

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS
Based on Physical State of dispersed Phase
and Dispersion Medium

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS
Based on Nature of Interaction between
Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium
Lyophilic colloids: liquid-loving, formed by
mixing substances like gum, gelatine, starch,
rubber, etc., with a dispersion medium.
Lyophobic colloids: liquid-hating, Substances
like metals, their sulphides, etc., with the
dispersion medium can be prepared only by
special methods.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS
Based on Type of Particles of the Dispersed
Phase
Multimolecular: A gold sol may contain
particles of various sizes having many atoms.
Macromolecular: starch, cellulose, proteins &
enzymes; and polythene, nylon, polystyrene,
synthetic rubber, etc, in suitable solvents.

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CLASSIFICATION OF COLLOIDS
Based on Type of Particles of the Dispersed
Phase
Associated Colloids: Some substances which
at low concentrations behave as normal
strong electrolytes, but at higher
concentrations exhibit colloidal behaviour
due to the formation of aggregates. The
aggregated particles thus formed are called
micelles.

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PREPARATION OF COLLOIDS
Chemical methods

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PREPARATION OF COLLOIDS
Electrical disintegration or Bredig’s Arc method

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PREPARATION OF COLLOIDS
Peptization
Peptization may be defined as the process
in which a precipitate is converted into
colloidal sol by shaking it with dispersion
medium in the presence of a small amount
of electrolyte. The electrolyte used for this
purpose is called peptizing agent.
It is used to convert a freshly prepared
precipitate into a colloidal sol

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PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL
SOLUTIONS
Colligative properties: The number of particles
in a colloidal solution is comparatively small
as compared to a true solution.
Colour: The colour of colloidal solution
depends on the wavelength of light scattered
by the dispersed particles which on further
depends on the size and nature of the
particles.

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PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL
SOLUTIONS
Tyndall effect:

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PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL
SOLUTIONS
Brownian movement:

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PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL
SOLUTIONS
Charge on colloidal particles:

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PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL
SOLUTIONS
Electrophoresis:

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EMULSIONS
An emulsion is a special type of mixture
made by combining two liquids that
normally don't mix.

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SURFACTANT
Surfactant is a substance, such as a detergent,
that can reduce the surface tension of a liquid
and thus allow it to foam or penetrate solids; a
wetting agent.