An In-Depth Concept of Qualitative analysis For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More.

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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
(a) On treating a solid nitrite with dil. H SO
and warming , reddish brown fumes of NO
gas are evolved.
2 4
2

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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
Addition of potassium iodide solution to the
salt solution followed by freshly prepared
starch solution and acidification with acetic
acid produces blue colour.
(b)

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TEST FOR NITRITE ION
On adding sulphanilic acid & 1-naphthylamine
reagent to the water extract or acidified with
acetic acid, a red azo-dye is formed.
(c)

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TEST FOR NITRITE ION

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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
With warm dilute H SO a sulphide gives
hydrogen sulphide gas which smells like
rotten eggs.
(a) 2 4

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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
A piece of filter paper dipped in lead acetate
solution turns black on exposure to the gas
due to the formation of lead sulphide which
is black in colour.
(b)

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TEST FOR SULPHIDE ION
Solution of saltin water/sodium carbonate
extract, make it alkaline with ammonium
hydroxide and add sodium nitroprusside
solution. Purple or violet colour is obtained.
(c)

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TEST OF SULPHATE ION
On addition of barium chloride to the
Aqueous solution or sodium carbonate
extract of the salt acidified with acetic
acid gives a white precipitate
(a)

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TEST OF SULPHATE ION
Sulphate ions give white precipitate of lead
sulphate when aqueous solution or sodium
carbonate extract neutralised with acetic
acid is treated with lead acetate solution.
(b)

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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
On treatment with warm conc. H SO the
salt gives a colourless gas with pungent
smell and the gas gives dense white fumes
with ammonia solution,
(a) 2 4

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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
Salt gives effervescence on heating with
conc. H SO and MnO and a light greenish
yellow pungent gas is evolved.
(b)
2 4 2

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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
On addition of silver nitrate solution to a Salt
solution acidified with dilute HNO gives a
curdy white precipitate soluble in
ammonium hydroxide solution.
(c)
3

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TEST FOR CHLORIDE ION
Chromyl chloride test(d)

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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
On heating the salt with conc. H SO
reddish brown fumes of bromine are
evolved. The fumes get intensified on
addition of MnO .
(a) 2 4
2

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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
The appearance of an orange brown
colouration in the organic layer on addition
of chloroform & freshly prepared Cl water
dropwise to the salt solution
(b)
2

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TEST FOR BROMIDE ION
A pale yellow precipitate is obtained upon
addition of silver nitrate (AgNO ) solution to
the acidified (dil. HNO ) sodium carbonate
extract of the salt.
(c)
3
3

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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Deep violet vapours with a pungent smell
are evolved, on heating the salt with conc.
H SO . These turns starch paper blue and a
violet sublimate is formed on the sides of
the test tube.
(a)
2 4

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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Violet colouration in the organic layer is
obtained upon addition of CCl and chlorine
water in excess to the salt solution
(b)
4

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TEST FOR IODIDE ION
Appearance of a yellow precipitate insoluble
in excess of NH OH upon addition of AgNO
solution to acidified sodium carbonate
extract of the salt with dil.HNO
(c)
4
3
3

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SEPARATION OF CATIONS

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SEPARATION OF CATIONS

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GROUP REAGENTS FOR
PRECIPITATING IONS

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ANALYSIS OF GROUP-I CATIONS
Dissolve the precipitate in hot water and divide
the hot solution into three parts.

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ANALYSIS OF GROUP–II CATIONS

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ANALYSIS OF GROUP–III CATIONS

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ANALYSIS OF GROUP–IV CATIONS

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ANALYSIS OF GROUP–V CATIONS