An In-Depth Concept of States of matter For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More. https://bit.ly/2GYLk1x

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At constant temperature, the pressure of a
fixed amount of gas varies inversely with its
volume.
BOYLE’S LAW

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Pressure remaining constant, the volume of
a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional
to its absolute temperature.
CHARLES’ LAW

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For each degree rise in temperature,
volume of a gas increases by 1/ 273.15 of
the original volume of the gas at 0 °C.
ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE

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ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE SCALE
A new scale of temperature given by
T = 273.15 + t and 0 °C will be given by
T = 273.15. This new temperature scale is
called the Kelvin temperature scale
or Absolute temperature scale.
o

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At constant volume, pressure of a fixed
amount of a gas varies directly with the
temperature.
GAY LUSSAC’S LAW

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Equal volumes of all gases under the same
conditions of temperature and pressure
contain equal number of molecules.
AVOGADRO LAW

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IDEAL GAS EQUATION

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DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL
PRESSURES
The total pressure exerted by the mixture
of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of
the partial pressures of individual gases

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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF GASES
Gases consist of large number of identical
particles.
There is no force of attraction between the
particles of a gas at ordinary temperature
and pressure.
Particles of a gas are always in constant
and random motion.

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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
OF GASES
Particles of a gas move in all possible
directions in straight lines.
Collisions of gas molecules are perfectly elastic.
At any particular time, different particles in the
gas have different speeds and hence different
kinetic energies.
If a molecule has variable speed, then it
must have a variable kinetic energy.

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Plot of pV vs p for real gas & ideal gas
DEVIATION FROM IDEALITY

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Plot of pressure vs volume for real & ideal gas
DEVIATION FROM IDEALITY

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The deviation from ideal behaviour can
be measured in terms of compressibility
factor (Z).
VAN DER WAALS EQUATION

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The temperature at which a real gas obeys
ideal gas law over an appreciable range of
pressure is called Boyle temperature or
Boyle point.
BOYLE TEMPERATURE

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The temperature of a gas in its critical state,
above which it cannot be liquefied by
pressure alone is calles critical temperature
(t ).
CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
c

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Volume of one mole of the gas at critical
temperature is called critical volume (V )
and pressure at this temperature is called
critical pressure (p )
CRITICAL VOLUME & PRESSURE
c
c

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If an evacuated container is partially filled
with a liquid, a portion of liquid evaporates
to fill the remaining volume of the container
with vapour. Vapour pressure at this stage is
known as equilibrium vapour pressure or
saturated vapour pressure.
VAPOUR PRESSURE

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A molecule in the bulk of liquid experiences
equal intermolecular forces from all sides.
The molecule, therefore does not experience
any net force. these phenomena are
caused due to the characteristic property of
liquids, called surface tension.
SURFACE TENSION

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The type of flow in which there is a regular
gradation of velocity in passing from one
layer to the next is called laminar flow.
VISCOSITY