An In-Depth Concept of Organic chemistry For IIT JEE (CHEMISTRY) Exams. Join Studyduniya.com for More. https://bit.ly/2Jkgw9T

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Organic chemistry is the study of
compounds containing carbon & hydrogen
with the exception of simple compounds
e.g. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon
monoxide (CO).
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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Carbon has the unique property called
catenation due to which it forms covalent
bonds with other carbon atoms.
Catenation is the binding of an element
to itself through covalent bonds to form
chain or ring molecules.
CATENATION

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3-Methyloctane can be represented in
various forms as
STRUCTURAL REPRESENTATIONS
OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

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3-D REPRESENTATION OF ORGANIC
MOLECULES

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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS

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NOMENCLATURE

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Find the longest carbon chain in the
molecule.
NOMENCLATURE

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Determine the principle functional group
and its position.
NOMENCLATURE

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Ancilliary functional groups are given in
alphabetical order, with their position at
the beginning of the name.
NOMENCLATURE

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Common naming for Hydrocarbon
derivatives
NOMENCLATURE

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NOMENCLATURE

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The order of decreasing priority for some
functional groups is:
NOMENCLATURE

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The longest carbon chain in the molecule
is identified.
The numbering is done in such a way
that the branched carbon atoms get the
lowest possible numbers.
If different alkyl groups are present, they
are listed in alphabetical order.
STEPS FOLLOWED IN NOMENCLATURE

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If two or more identical substituent
groups are present then the numbers are
separated by commas.
If the two substituents are found in
equivalent positions, the lower number is
given to the one coming first in the
alphabetical listing.
the carbon atom of the branch that
attaches to the root alkane is numbered 1
STEPS FOLLOWED IN NOMENCLATURE

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NOMENCLATURE OF SUBSTITUTED
BENZENE COMPOUNDS

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ISOMERISM

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Chain isomerism:
ISOMERISM

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Position isomerism:
ISOMERISM

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Functional group isomerism:
ISOMERISM

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Metamerism: It arises due to different
alkyl chains on either side of the
functional group in the molecule
ISOMERISM

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The compounds that have the same
constitution and sequence of covalent
bonds but differ in relative positions of
their atoms or groups in space are called
stereoisomers.
STEREOISOMERS

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NEWMAN PROJECTION OF PROPANE

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heterolytic cleavage:
FISSION OF A COVALENT BOND
homolytic cleavage.

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Shift of electron density towards the more
electronegative atom of the covalent bond
formed between atoms of different
electronegativity, is known as Inductive
effect.
INDUCTIVE EFFECT

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Positive Resonance Effect (+R effect)
RESONANCE STRUCTURE

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Negative Resonance Effect (- R effect)
RESONANCE STRUCTURE

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ELECTROMERIC EFFECT (E EFFECT)

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HYPERCONJUGATION