The document discusses different types of hydrocarbons including alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. It describes their general formulas, properties, reactions, and methods of preparation. Alkanes contain single bonds between carbons and do not react easily. Alkenes contain double bonds and participate in reactions like halogenation and oxidation. Alkynes contain triple bonds and undergo addition reactions with dihydrogen, halogens, and hydrogen halides. The document is from an educational social network providing chemistry content for IIT JEE preparation.

1. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
CLASSIFICATION

2. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
Saturated open chain hydrocarbons
containing carbon - carbon single bonds.
These are inert under normal conditions
& do not react with acids, bases and other
reagents. Hence, they were earlier known
as paraffins.
The general formula for alkanes is
C H
ALKANES
n 2n+2

3. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
In alkanes, tetrahedra
are joined together in
which C-C and C-H
bond lengths are 154
pm and 112 pm
respectively.
ALKANES
Methane

4. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
Alkanes possess weak van der Waals
forces, due to which the first four
members, C1 to C4 are gases, C5 to C17 are
liquids and those containing 18 carbon
atoms or more are solids at 298 K
PROPERTIES OF ALKANES
Physical properties

5. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PROPERTIES OF ALKANES
Physical properties

6. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PROPERTIES OF ALKANES
Physical properties

7. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
Halogenation takes place either at higher
temperature (573-773 K) or in the presence
of diffused sunlight or ultraviolet light.
It is found that the rate of reaction of
alkanes with halogens is F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2.
Rate of replacement of hydrogens of
alkanes is : 3° > 2° > 1°.
HALOGENATION

8. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
(i) Initiation :
(ii) Propagation :
(iii)Termination:
HALOGENATION
Mechanism

9. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
On heating in the presence of air or dioxygen
alkanes are completely oxidized to CO2 &
water with the evolution of large amount of
heat
COMBUSTION

10. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Wurtz reaction

11. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Decarboxylation

12. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKANES
Decarboxylation

13. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
containing at least one double bond.
The general formula for alkanes is
C H
ALKENES
n 2n

14. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ALKENES
Ethene

15. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
The first three members are gases, the
next fourteen are liquids and the higher
ones are solids.
They show a regular increase in boiling
point with increase in size i.e., every –
CH2 group added increases boiling point
by 20–30 K.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ALKENES

16. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ACIDIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS

17. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
REACTIONS OF ALKENE
With KMnO4

18. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
REACTIONS OF ALKENE
Ozonolysis

19. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
REDUCTION OF ALKENE

20. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKENES
Dehydrohalogenation

21. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKENES
Dehalogenation

22. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKENES
Acidic dehydration of alcohols

23. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing
at least one triple bond.
The general formula for alkanes is
C H
ALKYNES
n 2n-2

24. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ALKYNES
Ethyne

25. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
First three members are gases, the next
eight are liquids and the higher ones are
solids.
Their melting point, boiling point and
density increase with increase in molar
mass.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

26. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKYNES
From calcium carbide:

27. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
PREPARATION OF ALKYNES
From vicinal dihalides :

28. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES
Addition of dihydrogen

29. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES
Addition of halogens

30. STUDYDUNIYA
The Educational Social Network
C H E M I S T R Y - O R G A N I C -
H Y D R O C A R B O N S
IIT JEE @studyduniya +91 7744994714
ADDITION REACTIONS OF ALKYNES
Addition of hydrogen halides