The document provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of planning within organizations, detailing its definitions, characteristics, objectives, processes, types, advantages, and disadvantages. Planning is described as a future-oriented, continuous, and flexible process essential for effective management and achieving predetermined goals. Its importance lies in reducing uncertainty, facilitating coordination, and ensuring resource utilization, though it can be hindered by reliance on accurate information and may introduce inflexibilities.

1. Planning
Dr. Rahul B. Pandit
Faculty of Nursing
Sassoon General Hospital, Pune

2. Definition
Planning is the process of determining the
objective of administrative efforts and
devising the means calculated to achieve
them.
--- Millet

3. Definition
Planning is the process of setting formal
guidelines and constraints for the behavior of
the firm.
--- Assoff and Brundinharg

4.  Planning is essentially a process of making
choice between available alternatives at all
levels of decision making.
 Planning is an intellectual process of making
decisions and it aims to achieve a co ordinate
and consistent set of operations aimed at
desired objectives.

5. CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANNING
1. Planning is looking into the future.
2. Planning involves pre determined line of
action.
3. Planning discovers the best alternative out of
available many alternatives.
4. Planning requires considerable time for
implementation.

6. CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANNING
5. Planning is a continuous process.
6. Planning’s object is to achieve pre determined
objectives in a better way.
7. Planning integrates various activities of
organization.
8. Planning is done for a specific period.

7. CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANNING
9. Planning not only selects the objectives but
also develops polices program and procedures
to achieve the objective.
10.Planning is required at all levels of
management.
11.Planning is an inter- dependent process which
co-ordinates the various business activities.

8. CHARACTERISTIC OF PLANNING
12. Planning directs the members of the
organization.
13.Growth and prosperity of any organization
depends upon planning.

9. OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING
 Reduce uncertainty
 Brings co-operation and co-ordination
 Economy in operation
 Anticipation unpredictable contingencies
 Achieving the pre determined goals

10. NATURE OF PLANNING
1. Primary of planning
2. Planning contributes to objectives
3. Planning an intellectual activity
4. Planning results in higher efficiency
5. Planning is a continuous process
6. Planning is flexible

11. NATURE OF PLANNING
7. Unity and consistency
8. Planning is common to all
9. Basis for all managerial functions
10. Getting co-ordination

12. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 To manage by objectives
 Convert uncertainty into certainty
 Economy in operation
 Helps in co-ordination
 Effective control
 Effective utilization of resources
 Avoiding business failures

13. PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING
1. Planning must focus on purposes.
2. Planning is a continuous and iterative process
3. Planning should be simple
4. In planning, there should be a good harmony
with organization
5. Planning is hierarchical in nature

14. PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING
7. Planning should be pervasive activity covering
the entire organization
8. Planning must be precise
9. In planning the provision should be made to
use all available resources.
10. Planning should always be documented

15. PLANNING PROCESS IN HEALTH SERVICES
Analysis of the health
situation
Establishment of
objectives and goals
Assessment of
resources
Fixing PrioritiesWrite-up the
formulated plan
Programming and
implementation.
Evaluation

16. FUNCTION OF PLANNING
 Investigation and analysis of the situation
and resource
 Forecasting
 Developing philosophy.
 Setting objectives.
 Setting priorities and strategies.

17. FUNCTION OF PLANNING
 Formulating broad policies for organizing,
directing, staffing, coordinating and
controlling.
 Formulating the plan.
 Programming.
 Formulating specific guidelines

18. TYPES OF PLANNING
Directional
planning
Administrative
planning
Operational
planning

19. ADVANTAGES
 Planning leads to more effective and faster
achievements of any organization.
 Planning gives a competitive edge to company
that forecast and plan.
 Planning minimizes costs of performance.

20. ADVANTAGES
 Planning secures and ensures unity of
propose, direction and effort by focusing
attention on objectives.
 Planning has unique contribution towards the
efficiency of other managerial function.

21. DISADVANTAGES
 It depends upon facts and information,
reliable information is not possible.
 Planning may lead to internal inflexibilities
and procedural rigidities.
 It is said to be time-consuming and expensive
process
 People resistance

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