The document summarizes a presentation by Nidhi Tripathi on the topic of supervision. It defines supervision as a two-way dynamic process aimed at maintaining quality performance to achieve organizational goals. It discusses the goals of supervision as bringing growth and quality in healthcare. It also outlines the basic tenets, principles, functions, techniques, factors, types, and qualities of effective supervision.

1. Subject : Management
Name of presenter : NidhiTripathi
FinalYear
King George’s Medical University

2. Presentation Description
SUPERVISION
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3. General objective
At the end of the presentation you all will be able to explain the
knowledge regarding Supervision
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4. Specific objective
At the end of this class students will be able to understand
covered topics -
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5. TOPIC COVERED
 Definition
 Goals of supervision
 Basic tenets of supervision
 Principles of supervision
 Functions of supervision
 Techniques or process of supervision
 Factors of effective supervision
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6. TOPIC COVERED
 Types of supervision
 Methods of supervision
 Tools for supervision
 Styles of supervision
 Qualities of a good supervisor
 Training of supervisor
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7. INTRODUCTION
There is an old saying that “which is not inspected is not done”.
Hence, inspection , overseeing ,and supervision arise in response
to need inherent in the functioning of an organization.
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8. MEANING
 The term “supervision” has its origin in two Latin words :
super meaning “above” ; video, meaning “I see”. In a
hierarchical organization no one can claim to work without
proper supervision .
 For proper functioning of an organization , it is very essential
that there should be proper coordination and link among
different parts and organs of an organization.
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9. DEFINITION
Supervision is defined as a two way dynamic and social process
undertaken for a specific purpose of fulfilment of organizational
goals by striving to maintain the required quality of performance
through constantly supporting and assisting the worker to
perform the best .
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10. DEFINITION CONT…..
 Supervision has been defined as a cooperative relationship
between the leader and one or more person to accomplish a
particular job.
 According to Jean Barret , supervision is kind of teaching
which involves advising , helping , inspiring , leading and
liberating.
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11. DEFINITION CONT…..
Terry and Franklin meant supervision as “guiding and
directing efforts of the employees and other resources to
accomplish stated work outputs”.
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12. DEFINITION CONT…..
John D. Millett rightly observed –Supervision is more than a
process , it is a spirit which animates relationship between levels
of organization and which includes maximum accomplishment ,
or when unsuccessful generates administrative paralysis.
Effective management is concerned to realize the first and to
avoid the second.
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13. DEFINITION CONT…..
According to Margaret Williamson – Supervision is process by
which workers are helped by designated staff member to learn
according to the needs to make the best use of their knowledge
and skills and to improve their abilities so that they do their job
more effectively and increase satisfaction to themselves and to
the agency.
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14. GOALS OF SUPERVISION
•To bring personal and professional growth of employees
(nurses) in order to achieve quality in health care system.
• It is the key to maintain standards.
• To persist in the delivery of high quality of health care services.
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15. GOALS OF SUPERVISION CONT…..
• To assist and to help in the development of staff to their highest
potential.
• To interpret policies , objectives & need etc. of the
organization.
• To plan services cooperatively and to develop coordination to
avoid overlapping .
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16. GOALS OF SUPERVISION CONT…..
 To assist in the problem solving of the matters concerning
personal , administrative and operation of services.
• To develop standards of service and methods of evaluation of a
personnel and services.
• To evaluate the services given , personal performance ,
progress made and to suggest changes for improving the work
effectively and outcome of the personnel.
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17. BASIC TENETS OF SUPERVISION
• Supervision is ongoing process invariably interwoven with
motivation , performance appraisal , staff development and
leadership.
• Supervisors are always accountable for the performance of
their subordinates working under them / his span of control.
• Supervisors are to help the workers to improve , develop and
reinforce knowledge and skill according to their individual
needs.
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18. BASIC TENETS OF SUPERVISION
CONT…
 Supervisors are required to help their workers to develop right
attitude.
• Another essential tenet of supervision includes assisting the
worker to perform in the best possible way to yield the best
results in terms of realization of the organizational goals.
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19. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
• Supervision should encourage self expression so as to draw out
potential abilities of a worker
• Supervision should provide initiative to individual to take more
responsibility.
• Supervision should provide full opportunity to do work in
cooperation to develop the team spirit . And develop good
interpersonal relationship.
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20. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
CONT…
 Supervision should give autonomy to the workers depending
from personality, competence and characteristics .
• Supervision interprets policies and give creative instructions.
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21. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
CONT…..
• Supervision should meet the individual needs.
• Supervisor should always think herself as a leader so as to give
guidance help and encouragement .
• Supervision should be democratic .
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22. PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION
CONT…..
• Supervision should be well planned and adopted to good
planning . It calls for good planning and organization .
• Good supervision respects the personality of an individual
(employee).
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23. FUNCTIONS OF SUPERVISION
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A.. Administrative
B. Educative
C. Communicative D..Evaluative

24. TECHNIQUES OF SUPERVISION
Techniques are based on three stages
 Stage one - Preparation for supervision
 Stage two - Supervision
 Stage three - Follow up of supervision
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25. STAGE ONE
PREPARATION FOR SUPERVISION
 Study of documents
 Identification of priority for supervision
 Preparation of supervision schedule
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26. STAGE TWO
SUPERVISION
i. Establishing Contacts
ii. Review of the objectives , targets and norms
iii. Review the job description
iv. Observe the nursing staff’s motivation
v. Observe for any actual or potential conflicts
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27. STAGE THREE
FOLLOW UP OF SUPERVISION
• Reorganization of time –table/workplan/duty roster
• Organizing in-service training programmes /continuing
education programmes for nursing personnel
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28. STAGE THREE CONT…..
• Initiating changes in logistic support or supply system
• Initiating actions for organizing staff welfare activities
• Counselling and guidance regarding career development and
professional growth.
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29. FACTORS OF EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION
Human Relation
Skill
Leadership
position
Improved upward
relations
Relief from Non-
supervisory duties
General and
loose
supervision
Technical and
managerial
knowledge
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30. TYPES OF SUPERVISION
1 . Direct supervision - Face to face talk with worker
Points to be considered:
 Do not loose temper
 Use democratic approach and avoid autographic
 Give workers chance to reply
 Do not talk too much and too fast
 Be human in behavior
 Do not give instructions – haphazard way.
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31. 2. Indirect supervision:
With the help of record and reports of the worker and through
written instructions.
This includes:
 Ensuring – carrying out allotted work
 Analysis of monthly progress – input efforts and achievement
 Analyzing amount of work allotted
 Support and guidance.
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32. METHODS OF SUPERVISION
 Technical versus creative supervision
 Co-operative versus authoritative supervision
 Scientific versus intuitive supervision
 Task oriented vs. employee oriented
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33. STYLES OF SUPERVISION
 Task centered
 Employee centered supervisor
 An autocratic or critical supervisor
 A Benevolent supervisor
 A Democratic supervisor
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34. QUALITIES OF A GOOD SUPERVISOR
Thoroughness Fairness Initiative Tact
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35. QUALITIES OF A GOOD SUPERVISOR CONT…
Enthusiasm
Emotional
control
General
outlook
Personal
qualifications
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36. QUALITIES OF A GOOD SUPERVISOR
CONT….
• Teaching ability
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38. Supervision is more than inspection and investigation .It is a key
to successful administration and is most important functions in
an organization.
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39. SUMMARY

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