This document discusses different forms of sun path diagrams and their uses in building design. It describes:
1) Polar and cartesian representations of sun path diagrams, with polar diagrams showing the sun's path overlaid like photographs and cartesian using azimuth and altitude axes.
2) Features of polar diagrams like azimuthal and altitude lines to read the sun's position.
3) Spherical, equidistant, and stereographic projections for polar diagrams, suited to different design needs.
4) How to read the position of the sun from intersection points on cartesian diagrams.
5) Waldram diagrams as a modified cartesian form that applies non-linear scales to account for variations in sky luminance distribution.
Presentation on uses, types, importance and examples of sun shading devices. Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Building Science I class . Course Lecturer: Ar. Pranita Sharma Pandey
introduction to shading devices, types of shading devices deatiled explanation, uses of shading devices, solar radiation, configuration, design process of shading devices, shadow angle, building examples.
Presentation on uses, types, importance and examples of sun shading devices. Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Building Science I class . Course Lecturer: Ar. Pranita Sharma Pandey
introduction to shading devices, types of shading devices deatiled explanation, uses of shading devices, solar radiation, configuration, design process of shading devices, shadow angle, building examples.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
The presentation shows the various measures to calculate the thermal comfort in buildings from ASHRAE to IMAC and also provides low energy methods to improve thermal comfort.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.
The ppt consists of types of climatic regions in india, 5 typesof climatic zones in india, their description , cold and cloudy zone, shimla, himachal pradesh, types of design features according to climatic zones, active and passive cooling and heating techniques in cold and cloudy region.
Natural ventilation and air movement could-be considered under the heading of 'structural controls’ as it does not rely on any form of energy supply or mechanical installation, but due to its importance for human comfort, it deserves a separate section.
The presentation shows the various measures to calculate the thermal comfort in buildings from ASHRAE to IMAC and also provides low energy methods to improve thermal comfort.
This presentation gives brief details about hot and dry climate of India. A special focus on city Jaisalmer (case study) is also provided.our main motive was to provide climatological factors of hot and dry climate zone in India , also to give architectural features and vernacular construction materials used in hot and dry climatic zone.
Thank You
The Aldo Leopold Foundation's mission is to weave a land ethic into the fabric of our society; to advance the understanding, stewardship and restoration of land health; and to cultivate leadership for conservation. Learn more about our work!
This presentation is a basic introduction to the concepts underlying carbon neutral design. It looks at a LEED Platinum building that is also a carbon neutral building for some ideas as to how to achieve this goal.
This is part 1 of Leopold's essay "Wilderness" paired with beautiful images. This presentation can be used as a backdrop to help illustrate public readings of the essay.
This is the text of Leopold's essay "Come High Water" paired with beautiful images. This presentation can be used as a backdrop for public readings of the essay.
What Exactly Is Contouring in Survey & Levelling?
It will be helpful for Architectural and Civil engineering students.
A presentation by Harshit Gupta (B.Arch 1st year).
Map projection is a systematic drawing of parallel of latitudes and meridians of longitude on a plane surface for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale so that any point on the earth surface may correspond to that on the drawing.
Maps cannot be created without map projections. All map projections necessarily distort the surface in some fashion.
Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties.
There is no limit to the number of possible map projections.
Combined gis 2(GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM)musadoto
Distortions
• The earth is spherical, and a simple way of mapping it without distortion is to map it on a globe. However, mapping on globes is not possible.
• The transformation from the three-dimensional ellipsoid/sphere to the two-dimensional plane (flat) surface is not possible without some form of distortion.
• The distortions increase as the distance from the central point of the projection increases
• Areas smaller than 25 x 25 km:
No distortions
• Areas larger than 25 x 25 km:
Always distortions
• Map projections are used to control/minimize the distortions
Classification and properties of map projections
Properties of map projections
• Areas are everywhere correctly represented
• All distances are correctly represented
• All directions on the map are the same as on Earth
• All angles are correctly represented
• The shape of any area is correctly represented (e.g. a circle projected would remain a circle)
This Presentation is to made concepts about measuring the earth (to locate position of any person on the whole earth). For this purpose we re going step by step basis in this presentation.These steps are mentioned as contents. After that you may able to learn about measuring a person's position of earth. Thank you!
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
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Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
3. Definition-layman’s terms.
• Sun path refers to the apparent significant
seasonal-and-hourly positional changes of the
sun (and length of daylight) as
the Earth rotates, and orbits around the sun.
• Sun-path diagram as the name suggests is
something that is used to determine the
location ,in the sky, of the sun at any point of
time during the day, throughout the year.
4. Use in Functional Design
The most immediate use of a sun-path
diagram is that the solar azimuth and the
altitude can be read and hence the position
can be exactly determined..
• The optimum position and orientation of
various sunlight related equipment like solar
heaters, ovens is known.
5. • By studying the sun-path diagram of a place
one can identify the optimal orientation of
solar panels in a given building.
6. • By identifying the solar-windows of a
particular location, one can design the
building such that there is maximum utility of
the solar energy by placing thermal mass
required for indirect heat gain in the right
orientation.
7. • By tracing down the surface area illuminated,
to the greatest extent, by the sun, the location
of clerestories and fenestrations of a building
can be optimised so that the thermal and
visual comfort levels in the building are met.
• The shading devices also can be designed
similarly.
8. • Coming to one of the most important uses, the location of the
house so that it receives the maximum shade during summer
can be obtained using softwares like autodesk ecotect
10. • Wait, this is the 3-D view, how does this look
like on paper?
• So people came up with methods to represent
it on paper which define the basis for
characterization of sun-path diagrams.
• The most popular 2 representations are:
polar and cartesian.
12. What is a polar sun-path diagram??
• Imagine somebody lying on the ground facing
the sky and starts taking photographs of the
sky all along the day, throughout the year
using a fish lens camera.
• All these photographs superimposed forms a
polar sun-path diagram.
13. How does somebody even read that?
• Azimuthal lines:
Azimuth angles run around the edge of the diagram in 15° increments. A
point's azimuth from the reference position is measured in a clockwise
direction from True North on the horizontal plane. True North on the
stereographic diagram is the positive Y axis (straight up) and is marked with
an N.
• Altitude lines:
Altitude angles are represented as concentric circular dotted lines that
run from the centre of the diagram out, in 10° increments from 90° to
0°. A point's altitude from the reference position is measured from the
horizontal plane up.
14. • Date and month lines:
Date lines represent the path of the sun through the sky on one particular day of
the year. They start on the eastern side of the graph and run to the western side.
There are twelve of these lines shown, for the 1st day of each month. The first six
months are shown as solid lines (Jan-Jun) whilst the last six months are shown as
dotted (Jul-Dec), to allow a clear distinction even though the path of the Sun is
cyclical.
• Hour Lines:
Hour lines represent the position of the sun at a specific hour of the day,
throughout the year. They are shown as figure-8 style lines that intersect the date
lines. The intersection points between date and hour lines gives the position of the
sun. Half of each hour line is shown as dotted, to indicate that this is during the
latter six months of the year.
15. • Step 1 - Locate the required hour line on the diagram.
• Step 2 - Locate the required date line, remembering that solid are used for Jan-
Jun and dotted lines for Jul-Dec.
• Step 3 - Find the intersection point of the hour and date lines. Remember to
intersect solid with solid and dotted with dotted lines.
• Step 4 - Draw a line from the very centre of the diagram, through the intersection
point, out to the perimeter of the diagram.
• Step 5 - Read the azimuth as an angle taken clockwise from North.
• Step 6 - Trace a concentric circle around from the intersection point to the
vertical North axis, on which is displayed the altitude angles.
• Step 7 - Interpolate between the concentric circle lines to find the altitude.
22. • Similar to the polar sun-path diagrams,
somebody takes pictures of the sky and starts
collecting the data regarding the position of
the sun quantized by the azimuthal and
altitude of the sun.
• Now the azimuthal values are plotted along
the X-axis and the altitude values are plotted
along the Y-axis for different parts of the day
and throughout the year.
23. Reading the cartesian sun-path diagrams.
• Step 1 - Locate the required hour line on the diagram (similar to that in polar).
• Step 2 - Locate the required date line, remembering that solid are used for Jan-Jun and
dotted lines for Jul-Dec. In these diagrams, the highest altitude line at noon is always in
midsummer (either 1st July or 1st Jan, depending on hemisphere). Each other line
represents the 1st of each month, solid Jan-Jun, dotted Jul-Dec.
• Step 3 - Find the intersection point of the hour and date lines. Remember to intersect
solid with solid and dotted with dotted lines.
• Step 4 - The azimuth is given by reading off the horizontal axis.
• Step 5 - The altitude is given by reading off the vertical axis.
24.
25. Classification of cartesian representation
• Not all parts of the sky contribute equally to the daylight that arrives at a surface or passes through
a window. Different sky conditions can result in variations in the distribution of luminance over the
sky dome, with some areas brighter or darker than others. For a flat surface or a window, light
from some parts of the sky will arrive at normal incidence whilst others will arrive at almost grazing
incidence, with the cosine law determining their relative contribution.
• These effects can be accommodated within cartesian sun-path diagrams by applying non-linear
scales to one or both of the axis. This can be done solely for visualization purposes or, with the
addition of distributed points or a grid of squares, used as a basis for manually taking off
measurements for day-lighting potential or overshadowing effect.
• Those well modified implemented diagrams are called Waldram diagrams.