Bellamkonda Vishwaja, profile picture
Uploaded byBellamkonda Vishwaja
PPTX, PDF55,260 views

HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY

The document discusses design strategies for buildings in hot, dry climates. Key strategies include building orientation along an east-west axis for optimal sun exposure, minimizing exterior surface areas, and employing shading techniques like overhangs, fins, and trees to reduce solar heat gain. Interior features like courtyards and wind towers can also promote ventilation to control temperatures. Landscaping with native, drought-resistant plants and water features helps modify the microclimate.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 1,120 times
The hot and dry zone lies in the western and the central part of India; Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Sholapur are some of the towns that experience this type of climate. In such a climate, it is imperative to control solar radiation and movement of hot winds.  The design criteria should therefore aim at resisting heat gain by providing shading, reducing exposed area, controlling and scheduling ventilation, and increasing thermal capacity.
The presence of “water bodies” is desirable as they can help increase the humidity, thereby leading to lower air temperatures. The ground and surrounding objects emit a lot of heat in the afternoons and evenings. As far as possible, this heat should be avoided by appropriate design features.
Some of the design features for buildings in this climate are: Appropriate orientation and shape of building. Insulation of building envelope. Massive structure. Air locks, lobbies, balconies, and verandas. Weather stripping and scheduling air changes. External surfaces protected by overhangs, fins, and trees. Pale colours and glazed china mosaic tiles. Windows and exhausts. Courtyards, wind towers,and arrangement of openings. Trees, ponds, and evaporative cooling.
STAGES OF PLANNING & DESIGN •Utilizing existing infrastructure, laying outbuilding blocks to benefit from existing landform, sun path and wind while minimizing damage to prevalent soil , flora, water and air quality. Sustainable Site Planning: Appropriate Landscaping •Planting the right way to conserve water and improve micro-climate.
Building Design Details •Detailing building fenestration design and construction details to promote shading, insulation and heat loss. Materials •Choosing materials which are local, durable, utilize waste, have low embodied energy content, use less water for processing and help insulate the building.
BEST POSSIBLE ORIENTATION OF TYPICAL EXISTING PLANFORMS N N N NNN ORIENT BUILDING LONG FACES ALONG N-S N-S orientation can be also be used in case of unfavorable orientation of land
Low sun angle in winter allows welcome solar access S Low sun angle on east and west. Difficult to shade in summer EDec 21 June 21 Minimum radiation on the north side allowing large windows for excellent day lighting N W High sun angle in summer on the south side. Hence easy to shade Exposure variation summer / winter Dec 21 June 21 BUILDING ORIENTATION
In the hot - dry climate a smaller perimeter-to-area ratio (P/A) would result in less area exposed to radiation and lesser conduction heat gains. Cooled wind is welcome Wind for night ventilation is welcome Plan forms with greater P/A ratio may be applied in certain cases to include features like water bodies & vegetation which can modify the micro-climate. The intermediate spaces can also be effective as interaction spaces
PLANNING PLANTATION Less trees on the north to let in daylight. More trees to the NW and NE to cut off summer radiation Trees close to building on the west and closely spaced for shading Trees prevent infiltration of dust laden hot summer winds Preserve existing vegetation as they are a ‘free’ micro-climate modifier. Promote native species needing less Water. Deciduous trees on the south side for shading in summer and solar access in winter Trees act as noise and dust barrier Trees close to building on the east with moderate spacing help in shading PROMOTING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Reducing paved areas and using pervious paving reduces UHI effect and improves groundwater recharge. Such paving can be used in walkways, pavements, vehicular roads within the site, ramps, etc. Concrete grid paver Sand compact sub-base Gravel Compact sub-soil base
REDUCING URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT (UHIE) TO COOL BUILDINGS & SURROUNDINGS Roof surfaces absorb the highest heat Paved surfaces absorb heat and the reflected heat is absorbed by surrounding building surfaces thus increasing heat gain Use roof finishes with high albedo Shade parking area & pavements through pergola, vegetation, Photo voltaics etc. Trees for noise & dust buffering Increase soft paved area Light colored wall surfaces will absorb less heat
Shading of window and wall surface by jaali screens. Shading of building surface by vegetation Shading of building surface by surface texture Shading of building surface by architectural projections Jharokhas are an architectural heritage of the region and provide effective shading. A Jharokha window on the south also cuts out the east- west sun Besides shading, utilizing Double Glazed Units (DGUs) help insulate the Window panel and reduces large heat ingress which would otherwise enter the living space. Shading is the most important building design strategy for comfort in the hot-dry climate. Shading of openings like windows is very important and in any case the Window-Wall-Ratio (WWR) should not be more than 60%. Effective day lighting is possible with a much lower WWR
ORIENTATION BASED SHADING STRATEGIES SUMMER SUN Windows must be small on the east and west sides and must be adequately shaded. Larger windows can be placed on the south side as it is relatively easier to shade the south side from the high summer sun with a horizontal sun-shade This can also allow desirable winter sun. Light shelves help in deeper penetration of daylight into the room & uniform distribution of daylight of lighting On the west closely spaced vertical shades cut out the low evening sun. As the heat built up during the day is already present, minimization openings is desirable. Larger windows could be placed on the north facade as direct solar radiation is least on this facade. Radiation from low sun during peak summers can be cut off by small vertical
•Shading from the sun and well designed shading devices are a primary need in the hot-dry climate. It is well established that a majority of the solar heat gain comes from radiation through openings. When designing shading devices for windows, the required horizontal and vertical shadow angles need to be established. They are dependent on both the orientation of the window plane and the sun path. Horizontal shadow angle (HSA: characterizes the vertical shading device) This is the horizontal angle between the normal of the window plane or the wall surface and the current sun azimuth angle. It is relevant for designing vertical shading devices such as fins.
Vertical shadow angle (VSA: characterizes the horizontal shading device) This is the angle that a virtual plane containing the bottom two points of the wall/window and the centre of the Sun makes with the ground when measured normal to the window plane. It is required when designing horizontal shading devices such as overhangs. Window plane
CALCULATING HSA & VSA FROM SUNPATH DIAGRAM Lines showing the sun’s movement on a certain day of the year Lines showing the hour of the day on the day’s sun path HSA= solar azimuth - window orientation VSA = tan-1( tan(solar altitudes) / cos(HSA) ) Azimuth line (the sun’s position vis-a-vis the north direction Altitude lines (shows the sun’s elevation over the horizon)
SUNPATH DIAGRAMS OF CITIES IN THE HOT- DRY CLIMATE ZONE Kota, Rajasthan (25.18° N, 75.83° E)
Ahmedabad, Gujarat (23.03° N, 72.62° E)
Aurangabad, Maharashtra (19.87° N, 75.33° E)
Solapur, Maharashtra (17.68° N, 75.92° E)
EFFECTIVE SHADING DEVICE DESIGN Orientation Effective shading South fixed horizontal device or window recessing. West and East Vertical device/louvres (possibly movable) East / West faces are difficult to shade with fixed shades as the sun is very low. . . Hence only small windows are recommended. External moveable . shades / roll able blinds are more effective than fixed shades. These . also help preserve the view from the windows. North side Generally not required except from low evening sun in peak summer . when the sun path is long and hits the North from the side. Cutting . this out can be is achieved by vertical shade FENESTRATION SHADING DEVICE DESIGN For west facade EXAMPLE: Taking a window of width 1500mm and height 1800mm Shading by single vertical shade is not feasible as the shade depth becomes prohibitive. Hence the width is subdivided and several louvers are designed. If 6 divisions are created, i.e. effective width to be shaded is 250mm
For south facade Calculate HSA and VSA at different times during designated period for each facade. We need to design a shading device for the lowest possible VSA (horizontal shade) and the lowest possible HSA (vertical shade)
DAYLIGHT DISTRIBUTION • An integrated design approach utilises indirect radiation for day lighting and avoids the heat of direct radiation. Room & Opening dimensions for appropriate day lighting Total day lighted area for window= 2H x (W + 2m) NBC also recommends that the window area should be atleast 15% of the floor area of the room.
For spaces where regular windows are not required higher clerestory windows can be a suitable day lighting option. Since in the hot, dry climate a compact building approach would reduce the sky dome available for day lighting, daylight penetration can be enhanced by use of Light shelves LIGHTSHELVES / SHADING DEVICES DISTANCE BETWEEN BUILDINGS FO DAYLIGHT INGRESS Ideally for daylight penetration, the lowest floor windows should subtend a maximum angle of 22.5 º with the top of the adjacent building / object. But for regulating heat radiation, a closer fit would help
REFLECTANCE OF INTERNAL FINISHES For better daylight distribution, the reflectance of the internal surfaces should be higher. Secondly, full height partitions to be minimized in favor of open office plans where more people can share the natural light &ventilation from a window. REFLECTANCE OF COMMON SURFACE FINISHES& COLOURS Typical finishes of surfaces Reflectance White wash 0.7 - 0.8 Cream color 0.6 - 0.7 Light green 0.5 - 0.6 Light blue 0.4 - 0.5 Light pink 0.6 - 0.7 Dark red 0.3 - 0.4 Medium grey 0.3 Cement terrazzo 0.25 - 0.35 Brick 0.4 - 0.5 Vegetation (mean value) 0.25
PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGIES Evaporative cooling Evaporative cooling works well in the hot-dry climate as humidity is low in this zone. But water availability needs to be checked. Water bodies outside or in courtyard for cooling the air. Water bodies should be shaded to minimize evaporation losses Central wind tower system with water spray on top. Useful for cooling double loaded corridors .Very acceptable method as humidity is welcome. Water availability needs to be checked Wind catcher Water spray Usable space Earth Air Tunnel System This system is viable if the ground below has good thermal capacity, for. e.g. soil with adequate water content. The design basics generally followed are (from various existing systems): - Pipe depth 4m - Pipe diameter 0.3 to 0.7m - Distance between pipes 3m centre to centre - Pipe length depends of air volume required.
Night ventilation Night ventilation works well in this climatic zone as diurnal variations are high. In this process, buildings are ventilated at night when ambient temperatures are lower to resist heat build-up. Day-time building heat gain Night-time ventilation removes the heat gained during the day.
Earth berming Earth berming reduces outside air infiltration, keeps temperatures cool in summer and warm in winter as the earth’s temperature at a depth of a few meters remains almost stable throughout the year. Berms may cover a part of the ground floor, sometimes entire buildings, provided daylight and ventilation requirements are taken care of. Needs adequate water-proofing measures. Basements are similarly cool and preferred spaces. A building envelope with higher thermal mass will retard heat transfer from the exterior to the interior during the day. When temperatures fall at night, the walls re-radiate the thermal energy back into the night sky. Extensively used in traditional buildings in the region Thermal mass DAY NIGHT
MATERIAL USAGE: GOOD PRACTICES Possibility of thermal bridging Continuous cavity reduces possibility of thermal bridging 20mm stone jamb for windows. The reduced thickness minimizes thermal bridging 115mm thk. brick wall300mm thk. stone wall SECTIONAL PLAN SECTIONAL PLAN
Recessing windows affords shading and creates ancillary storage spaces on the side Storage space Storage space Continuous cavity overlapping with the beam would minimize thermal bridging Metal ties will act as thermal bridge. Plastic ties better WALL SECTION Jaalis in the roof parapet allows air movement over the hot roof surface comparatively cooling it down in day-time and increase speed of heat loss in nightime SECTIONAL PLAN
ALTERNATIVE LOW ENERGY OPTIONS FERROCEMENT (EE= 111 MJ / m2) A versatile form of RCC possessing unique properties of strength and durability. Made up of rich cement mortar and wire mesh reinforcement, it has a high ratio of strength to weight. A cost effective material, it also enables faster construction and has lower embodied energy in comparison to conventional RCC due to its thin section & minimization of steel CLC (CELLULAR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE) & AAC (AERATED AUTOCLAVED CONCRETE) BLOCKS (EE= 215 MJ / m2 for wall thickness 300mm) CLC and AAC blocks are air-cured lightweight concrete with fl y-ash as a major ingredient. The difference lies in the process of generation of air bubbles. In CLC the air bubbles are generated in the form of a foam while in AAC they are produced from a reaction that uses aluminum powder. These light-weight blocks reduce structural steel requirement and provides higher thermal insulation. As it uses fl y-ash which is a waste material it leads to substantial material saving and has lower embodied energy.
PERFORATED BRICK MASONRY These are high strength hollow bricks with 50-60 percent perforations. These perforations act as sound and heat insulators and saves materials. 3D ECO WALL (EE= 470 MJ / m2) This wall assembly consists of a100mm EPS panel finished with 50mm shot Crete on both sides, reinforced by wire mesh. The 200mm thick. Panel saves space and provides excellent insulation. This may be used both for walling & roofing .The EPS can be reduced to 100mm for interior walling. CSEB (COMPRESSED STABILISED EARTH BLOCKS) (EE= 138.6 MJ / m2 for 230mm thick. wall )Blocks made of mud stabilized with 5% cement lime and compacted in block-making machines without firing .Compressive strength equal to red clay fired bricks
FAL G (FLY ASH- LIME GYPSUM) BLOCKS (EE= 202 MJ / m2 for 230 thick wall).These blocks require less mortar, plastering can be avoided, are cost effective and environment-friendly as it avoids use of fertile top soil. SANDSTONE ROOFING (EE= 196 MJ / m2) An extensively used material, this consists of 25mm thick stone slabs on pre-cast RCC beams or iron sections. PRE-CAST STONE BLOCKS Blocks manufactured using waste stone pieces of various sizes with lean cement concrete.
A. Control amount of heat reaching building: - Building orientation, shading by projections, vegetation etc. B. Minimize carriage of heat through building skin: - Insulation C. Reduce internal heat gain and improve daylight Usage of fixtures and appliances with low equipment power density and with efficient BEE rating. - Keep outdoor equipment like window ACs in shade to improve efficiency - Use efficient artificial lighting D. Cooling the building through: - Passive cooling strategies (for non- AC buildings) - Low energy HVAC technologies (for AC buildings) ORDER OF STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION With the high solar radiation available in the hot, dry climate zone, it is highly recommended to use solar energy to meet at least some part of the building’s electricity demand. The simplest way to generate solar energy is by using stand-alone photo-voltaic (PV) systems with or without storage battery. SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAICS INSTALLATION The ideal orientation for optimal performance of a solar cell is at an angle equivalent to the latitude of the place of installation. Area required for generation of 1 kWp electricity is on an average 12 m2 for 15 % efficiency panels. Pergola over terrace This makes the roof accessible & usable as well as shades it Terrace Balcony roof or as shading devices SPV’s placed on ground or over water bodies to reduce evaporation losses Wall below window sill (south wall) Solar street lamps POSSIBILITIES OF PV PANEL PLACEMENT
SOLAR WATER HEATER Use of solar energy for water heating is one of the most commercialized and easily available options. Hot water supply to building Cold water inlet Storage tank Hot water from collector to tank Collector (Flat Plate or Evacuated Tube)
RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) Water conservation and reuse is of utmost priority in the hot-dry climate. Catchment area on roof Jaali on roof to prevent pollutants into water Filtration tank Recharge system or pervious pavings. Storage tank for direct use if rains are frequent and the ground water table is high. Below ground filter Recharge pit. Rainwater is taken for recharge if rains are infrequent Storage in ground reduces evaporation losses Catchment area on ground RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL= Catchment area (m2) x Annual rainfall (m) x Surface run-off co-efficient A thumb rule for estimating tank size is to store 15 minutes of peak rainfall. So, if peak rainfall= 90mm / hr., then in 15 minutes rainfall= 22.5mm Hence, (22.5mm x collection area x run-off co-effi cient) would be the optimum tank size for storage.
CASCADE SYSTEM RWH FOR RAINWATER REUSE Rainwater from 2nd terrace collected & used on the lower floor. Rainwater from 1st terrace collected and used for irrigation etc. RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR MULTIPLE BLOCKS Multiple buildings within a cluster can have a common rainwater harvesting system
SANGATH ARCHITECTS STUDIO
BV DOSHI
•Sangath is an attempt to reinterpret the rich architectural traditions in contemporary architecture of India. • Gradual unfolding of spaces through shifting axis, inbuilt thresholds and sense of layering are key attributes of space organization. •The non axial route of movement makes it exploratory with built in surprises where every change to alignment makes one pause, ponder and reorient oneself. •This makes it interactive with involvement to onlooker and an instantaneous rapport is established between him and the subject.
•At Sangath, the architect’s design studio, these responses are at their best. •The architectural studio comprising reception areas, a design studio, office spaces, workshop, library, conference room, and other ancillary spaces has been designed to naturally manage the forces of nature. •There are spatial, constructional, and landscape responses to combat the vagaries of nature in the hot dry climate. •In Ahmedabad, the summer temperature reaches 45 °C and the heat is very intense. •It is the heat rather than the breeze that becomes critical. •Natural comfort conditions can be achieved by protecting spaces from the heat and glare of the sun.
•Design concerns of climate ( temperature or humidity or sunlight. •Extensive use of vaults. •Main studio partly bellow the ground (sunken). •Very less use of mechanical instrument.
•Special materials are used resulting in a low cost building costing it. •Lot of vegetation & water bodies. •Continuity of Spaces. •Use of lot of diffused sunlight. •Complete passive design. •Grassy steps which Doshi uses as informal Amphitheatre.
Sandwiched construction of vault •With the help of movable formwork, the vaults of “Sangath” were constructed with hollow clay tiles sandwiched into walls. •Inexpensively purchased, the outer skin is covered with broken glazed tile pieces from a manufacturer’s waste material. •This procedure has a precedent in the great Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi’s benches of his Park Guell in Barcelona. • Doshi’s use of this traditional technique reduces the heat inside the building.
•So, not only is the re-use of waste material an important element of Third World methodology, it is also one of the most efficient ways to reduce the large percentage of sun- rays.
Vaulted roof form •The roof form creates an efficient surface/volume ratio optimizing material quantities. •The higher space volume thus created provides for hot air pockets due to convective currents that keep lower volumes relatively cool. •The ventilating window at upper volume releases the accumulated hot air through pressure differences.
Section of a vaulted roof
Envelope design Subterranean spaces •The building is largely buried under the ground to use earth masses for natural insulation.
Storage walls •External walls of the building are nearly a metre deep but have been hollowed out as alcoves to provide storage that becomes an insulative wall with efficiency of space (for storage functions
Passive solar design Indirect/diffused light •Sun light brings heat and haze with it. •To maximize daylight (intensity of illumination) and to diffuse heat and glare, the light is received in indirect manner by diffusing it. •There are three ways by which natural light is drawn within.
•By upper-level large openings towards north direction, which is cool, and consistent light is reflected off the clouds. •Skylights, which are projected masses from the roof, reflect the light on the white inner wall surface, which further radiates light into the room. •Innermost spaces are lit up through small cut outs in the roof slab, which are then filled with hollow glass blocks that take away the glare and transmit diffused light .
Microclimate through vegetation Lawns and vegetative cover all around create a favourable microclimate by absorbing solar radiation and providing a cooler passage of air through humidity.
Water channels •Rainwater and overflow of pumped water from the roof tank are harnessed through roof channels that run through a series of cascading tanks and water channels to finally culminate in a pond from where it is recycled back or used for irrigating vegetation. •Water cascades also provide interesting visual experiences.
Materials and methods of construction Exposed natural finishes The concrete of slabs and wall surfaces are kept bare Unplastered as final visual finishes, which provide a natural look and save on finishing material quantity.
Use of secondary waste material •Paving material is a stone chip waste while the roof surface is glazed tiles waste, both available as waste material from factories at no cost. •These have been creatively hand-crafted and integrated into the design by fully using waste material. •The application is also skill-oriented and involves as well as promotes craftsmen and our traditional heritage.
Performance •The above measures have ensured excellent climate control in terms of keeping the inside cool and increasing the time-lag for heat transfer. •There is a difference of about 8 degree C between the interior and exterior roof skin temperatures. The time-lag for heat transfer is nearly six hours. •The natural elements are harmoniously blended with the built environment, and water recycling and waste material reuse have ensured cost economy as well as environmental consciousness.
HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY
HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY
HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY

More Related Content

PDF
vernacular architecture in Hot and dry climate
bySumit Ranjan
 
PDF
Hot and dry climate architecture
byRonak Dhupia
 
PPTX
Cold and Cloudy climatic region
byM.I.T.,AURANGABAD
 
PPTX
Hot and dry climate case study.
bychetna rana
 
PPTX
Composite climate
bykrishnakanth mallikarjun
 
PDF
Climatic zones. warm and humid
byRoopa Chikkalgi
 
PPTX
"warm and humid" climate and their designs
byAnubhav Arora
 
PPT
Hot and dry climate
byANAND JIBHKATE
 
vernacular architecture in Hot and dry climate
bySumit Ranjan
 
Hot and dry climate architecture
byRonak Dhupia
 
Cold and Cloudy climatic region
byM.I.T.,AURANGABAD
 
Hot and dry climate case study.
bychetna rana
 
Composite climate
bykrishnakanth mallikarjun
 
Climatic zones. warm and humid
byRoopa Chikkalgi
 
"warm and humid" climate and their designs
byAnubhav Arora
 
Hot and dry climate
byANAND JIBHKATE
 

What's hot

PPTX
Data collection - Climate Analysis - Tropical Wet and Dry Climate - Architect...
byLipikaPandey
 
PPTX
Designing for different climatic zones in India
byGwahyulo Semy
 
PPTX
TERI -BANGLORE_Case study
byAr Naveen Naveen
 
PDF
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.
byJanmejoy Gupta
 
PPTX
Vernacular architecture case study with examples
byVISHAKA BOTHRA
 
PPT
NIFT Delhi architecture
byAmayVikramaChauhan1
 
PPT
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.
byVinay M
 
PPTX
Passive solar hostel jodhpur
byDilip Dhiman
 
PDF
HOUSING AT PARSIK HILL
byShreya Mahajan
 
PPTX
Building design in hot and dry climate
byShivang Madaan
 
PDF
Shelter for composite climate
byMuhammad Abdullah
 
PPTX
Climate responsive Contemporary architecture
byShreerang Bhagat
 
PPTX
Climate responsive architecture (1)
bySonakshi Bhattacharjee
 
PPTX
Moderate climate
bySharmila Vegesna
 
PPTX
Uttam chand jain
byArchistudent Portal
 
PPTX
Sustainable building in India
bySatya Rachakonda
 
PPTX
Charles correa
byKrithika P
 
PPTX
passive techniques
byAnvita Jain
 
PPTX
natural ventilation case study
byMADHUKANT SINGH
 
PPTX
Passive cooling architecture
byShamitha Reddy
 
Data collection - Climate Analysis - Tropical Wet and Dry Climate - Architect...
byLipikaPandey
 
Designing for different climatic zones in India
byGwahyulo Semy
 
TERI -BANGLORE_Case study
byAr Naveen Naveen
 
passive design strategies in composite & warm-humid climates.
byJanmejoy Gupta
 
Vernacular architecture case study with examples
byVISHAKA BOTHRA
 
NIFT Delhi architecture
byAmayVikramaChauhan1
 
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.
byVinay M
 
Passive solar hostel jodhpur
byDilip Dhiman
 
HOUSING AT PARSIK HILL
byShreya Mahajan
 
Building design in hot and dry climate
byShivang Madaan
 
Shelter for composite climate
byMuhammad Abdullah
 
Climate responsive Contemporary architecture
byShreerang Bhagat
 
Climate responsive architecture (1)
bySonakshi Bhattacharjee
 
Moderate climate
bySharmila Vegesna
 
Uttam chand jain
byArchistudent Portal
 
Sustainable building in India
bySatya Rachakonda
 
Charles correa
byKrithika P
 
passive techniques
byAnvita Jain
 
natural ventilation case study
byMADHUKANT SINGH
 
Passive cooling architecture
byShamitha Reddy
 

Similar to HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY

PPTX
Hot and dry climatic study with appropriate case study
byPcthesketchArtist
 
PDF
Lecture 4 sun and architecture
byNajran University
 
PPT
Solar control & shading devices
byRenu Singh Parmar
 
PPTX
Climate responsive architecture and PEDA literature study
byUbaid Khan
 
PPTX
Hot and dry climate
byPriyanshTirkey
 
PDF
7. Shading devices
byRohit Kumar
 
PPT
GreenStudio - Chapter 4 2 7 Shading Devices
byGalala University
 
PPTX
Shading
bySelf employed
 
PDF
B.Arch (NATA & JEE) 2014
byAnindita Roy
 
PDF
climateresponsivearchitecture-171008222357 (1).pdf
byBossGold
 
PPTX
solar-chart.pptx
byEVERYTHINGANDANYTHIN1
 
PPTX
Solar control
bykomal rathore
 
PPTX
shading.pptx
byritika goel
 
DOCX
Sun shading devices- design and making
bynachiketvyawahare
 
PDF
climateresponsivearchitecture-171008222357 (1).pdf
byBossGold
 
PPTX
Lecture_2_Architectural_Science_II_Window_&_Shade_Design.pptx
byBisrateabFekadu
 
PDF
Data collection on climate responsiveness in site planning strategies and pri...
by230432
 
PPTX
Climatology reference ppt for all engineering students
bynischalvaidhya1
 
PDF
Tropical housing different types of shading devices.pdf
byfindinggamer
 
PDF
Climatology
byAnindita Roy
 
Hot and dry climatic study with appropriate case study
byPcthesketchArtist
 
Lecture 4 sun and architecture
byNajran University
 
Solar control & shading devices
byRenu Singh Parmar
 
Climate responsive architecture and PEDA literature study
byUbaid Khan
 
Hot and dry climate
byPriyanshTirkey
 
7. Shading devices
byRohit Kumar
 
GreenStudio - Chapter 4 2 7 Shading Devices
byGalala University
 
Shading
bySelf employed
 
B.Arch (NATA & JEE) 2014
byAnindita Roy
 
climateresponsivearchitecture-171008222357 (1).pdf
byBossGold
 
solar-chart.pptx
byEVERYTHINGANDANYTHIN1
 
Solar control
bykomal rathore
 
shading.pptx
byritika goel
 
Sun shading devices- design and making
bynachiketvyawahare
 
climateresponsivearchitecture-171008222357 (1).pdf
byBossGold
 
Lecture_2_Architectural_Science_II_Window_&_Shade_Design.pptx
byBisrateabFekadu
 
Data collection on climate responsiveness in site planning strategies and pri...
by230432
 
Climatology reference ppt for all engineering students
bynischalvaidhya1
 
Tropical housing different types of shading devices.pdf
byfindinggamer
 
Climatology
byAnindita Roy
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
pages-from-6-pooleys-communications-powerpoint-2016
byramprakash784857
 
PDF
🥳 BUKTI KEMENANGAN HARI INI MINGGU 25 JANUARI 2026 🥰
byGRAB
 
PPTX
Republic_Daasdrady_30_Min_Office_Quiz.pptx
byvedumahajan395
 
PDF
Architectural and interior designing in Virudhunagar
byAmar Dexign scape
 
PDF
Buy Facebook Ads Accounts_ the Backbone of Social Advertising in 2025.pdf
bymarketing
 
PDF
LAYOUT dapur mbg sesuai dengan juklak dan juknis
bysugiyono37
 
PDF
Understanding Cognitive Load in UX and How to Minimize it.pdf
byDesign Studio UI/UX
 
PPTX
Website Designing in digital marketing..
bynadipallisruthi
 
PDF
Timeless Modern Interiors- A Design Perspective by Kiara Parekh
byKiara Parekh - Interior Designing Expert in Melbourne
 
PDF
CASE STUDY 3 1.pdfHHTGTGTGGGGGGGGGGGDGGFGGGGG
bykumarvragava
 
PDF
Structural design for reinforced concrete
byBERHANUBERI2
 
PDF
11 Proven Mobile App UIUX Design Principles for 2026.pdf
byDesign Studio UI/UX
 
PPTX
GATE-ALL-AROUND Tunneling Field Effect Transistor .pptx
bysaimakhoso1848
 
PPTX
Domino's Conversational Agent Analysis - General Exam Contextual Area
bypedrocolon93
 
PPT
CS553_ST7_Ch04-TransmissionMedia.ppt orry, CS553_ST7_Ch04-TransmissionMedia (...
bynagachandrikacse
 
PPTX
Jewel Tones: Bringing Bold Color Back into Your Home
byMogul Interior
 
PPTX
Presentation - Digital Transformation.pptx
byjamesandersonuk40
 
PPTX
Intro to The Design Process Graphic Design
bycasmith11
 
PPTX
Understanding the Role of Mobile Apps Today
byjamesandersonuk40
 
PDF
How to Shortlist the Right App Development Partner.pdf
byjamesandersonuk40
 
pages-from-6-pooleys-communications-powerpoint-2016
byramprakash784857
 
🥳 BUKTI KEMENANGAN HARI INI MINGGU 25 JANUARI 2026 🥰
byGRAB
 
Republic_Daasdrady_30_Min_Office_Quiz.pptx
byvedumahajan395
 
Architectural and interior designing in Virudhunagar
byAmar Dexign scape
 
Buy Facebook Ads Accounts_ the Backbone of Social Advertising in 2025.pdf
bymarketing
 
LAYOUT dapur mbg sesuai dengan juklak dan juknis
bysugiyono37
 
Understanding Cognitive Load in UX and How to Minimize it.pdf
byDesign Studio UI/UX
 
Website Designing in digital marketing..
bynadipallisruthi
 
Timeless Modern Interiors- A Design Perspective by Kiara Parekh
byKiara Parekh - Interior Designing Expert in Melbourne
 
CASE STUDY 3 1.pdfHHTGTGTGGGGGGGGGGGDGGFGGGGG
bykumarvragava
 
Structural design for reinforced concrete
byBERHANUBERI2
 
11 Proven Mobile App UIUX Design Principles for 2026.pdf
byDesign Studio UI/UX
 
GATE-ALL-AROUND Tunneling Field Effect Transistor .pptx
bysaimakhoso1848
 
Domino's Conversational Agent Analysis - General Exam Contextual Area
bypedrocolon93
 
CS553_ST7_Ch04-TransmissionMedia.ppt orry, CS553_ST7_Ch04-TransmissionMedia (...
bynagachandrikacse
 
Jewel Tones: Bringing Bold Color Back into Your Home
byMogul Interior
 
Presentation - Digital Transformation.pptx
byjamesandersonuk40
 
Intro to The Design Process Graphic Design
bycasmith11
 
Understanding the Role of Mobile Apps Today
byjamesandersonuk40
 
How to Shortlist the Right App Development Partner.pdf
byjamesandersonuk40
 

HOT AND DRY CLIMATE -CASE STUDY

  • 3.
    The hot anddry zone lies in the western and the central part of India; Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Sholapur are some of the towns that experience this type of climate. In such a climate, it is imperative to control solar radiation and movement of hot winds.  The design criteria should therefore aim at resisting heat gain by providing shading, reducing exposed area, controlling and scheduling ventilation, and increasing thermal capacity.
  • 4.
    The presence of“water bodies” is desirable as they can help increase the humidity, thereby leading to lower air temperatures. The ground and surrounding objects emit a lot of heat in the afternoons and evenings. As far as possible, this heat should be avoided by appropriate design features.
  • 5.
    Some of thedesign features for buildings in this climate are: Appropriate orientation and shape of building. Insulation of building envelope. Massive structure. Air locks, lobbies, balconies, and verandas. Weather stripping and scheduling air changes. External surfaces protected by overhangs, fins, and trees. Pale colours and glazed china mosaic tiles. Windows and exhausts. Courtyards, wind towers,and arrangement of openings. Trees, ponds, and evaporative cooling.
  • 6.
    STAGES OF PLANNING& DESIGN •Utilizing existing infrastructure, laying outbuilding blocks to benefit from existing landform, sun path and wind while minimizing damage to prevalent soil , flora, water and air quality. Sustainable Site Planning: Appropriate Landscaping •Planting the right way to conserve water and improve micro-climate.
  • 7.
    Building Design Details •Detailingbuilding fenestration design and construction details to promote shading, insulation and heat loss. Materials •Choosing materials which are local, durable, utilize waste, have low embodied energy content, use less water for processing and help insulate the building.
  • 8.
    BEST POSSIBLE ORIENTATIONOF TYPICAL EXISTING PLANFORMS N N N NNN ORIENT BUILDING LONG FACES ALONG N-S N-S orientation can be also be used in case of unfavorable orientation of land
  • 9.
    Low sun angle in winter allows welcome solar access S Lowsun angle on east and west. Difficult to shade in summer EDec 21 June 21 Minimum radiation on the north side allowing large windows for excellent day lighting N W High sun angle in summer on the south side. Hence easy to shade Exposure variation summer / winter Dec 21 June 21 BUILDING ORIENTATION
  • 10.
    In the hot- dry climate a smaller perimeter-to-area ratio (P/A) would result in less area exposed to radiation and lesser conduction heat gains. Cooled wind is welcome Wind for night ventilation is welcome Plan forms with greater P/A ratio may be applied in certain cases to include features like water bodies & vegetation which can modify the micro-climate. The intermediate spaces can also be effective as interaction spaces
  • 11.
    PLANNING PLANTATION Less treeson the north to let in daylight. More trees to the NW and NE to cut off summer radiation Trees close to building on the west and closely spaced for shading Trees prevent infiltration of dust laden hot summer winds Preserve existing vegetation as they are a ‘free’ micro-climate modifier. Promote native species needing less Water. Deciduous trees on the south side for shading in summer and solar access in winter Trees act as noise and dust barrier Trees close to building on the east with moderate spacing help in shading PROMOTING GROUNDWATER RECHARGE Reducing paved areas and using pervious paving reduces UHI effect and improves groundwater recharge. Such paving can be used in walkways, pavements, vehicular roads within the site, ramps, etc. Concrete grid paver Sand compact sub-base Gravel Compact sub-soil base
  • 12.
    REDUCING URBAN HEATISLAND EFFECT (UHIE) TO COOL BUILDINGS & SURROUNDINGS Roof surfaces absorb the highest heat Paved surfaces absorb heat and the reflected heat is absorbed by surrounding building surfaces thus increasing heat gain Use roof finishes with high albedo Shade parking area & pavements through pergola, vegetation, Photo voltaics etc. Trees for noise & dust buffering Increase soft paved area Light colored wall surfaces will absorb less heat
  • 13.
    Shading of window andwall surface by jaali screens. Shading of building surface by vegetation Shading of building surface by surface texture Shading of building surface by architectural projections Jharokhas are an architectural heritage of the region and provide effective shading. A Jharokha window on the south also cuts out the east- west sun Besides shading, utilizing Double Glazed Units (DGUs) help insulate the Window panel and reduces large heat ingress which would otherwise enter the living space. Shading is the most important building design strategy for comfort in the hot-dry climate. Shading of openings like windows is very important and in any case the Window-Wall-Ratio (WWR) should not be more than 60%. Effective day lighting is possible with a much lower WWR
  • 14.
    ORIENTATION BASED SHADINGSTRATEGIES SUMMER SUN Windows must be small on the east and west sides and must be adequately shaded. Larger windows can be placed on the south side as it is relatively easier to shade the south side from the high summer sun with a horizontal sun-shade This can also allow desirable winter sun. Light shelves help in deeper penetration of daylight into the room & uniform distribution of daylight of lighting On the west closely spaced vertical shades cut out the low evening sun. As the heat built up during the day is already present, minimization openings is desirable. Larger windows could be placed on the north facade as direct solar radiation is least on this facade. Radiation from low sun during peak summers can be cut off by small vertical
  • 15.
    •Shading from thesun and well designed shading devices are a primary need in the hot-dry climate. It is well established that a majority of the solar heat gain comes from radiation through openings. When designing shading devices for windows, the required horizontal and vertical shadow angles need to be established. They are dependent on both the orientation of the window plane and the sun path. Horizontal shadow angle (HSA: characterizes the vertical shading device) This is the horizontal angle between the normal of the window plane or the wall surface and the current sun azimuth angle. It is relevant for designing vertical shading devices such as fins.
  • 16.
    Vertical shadow angle(VSA: characterizes the horizontal shading device) This is the angle that a virtual plane containing the bottom two points of the wall/window and the centre of the Sun makes with the ground when measured normal to the window plane. It is required when designing horizontal shading devices such as overhangs. Window plane
  • 17.
    CALCULATING HSA &VSA FROM SUNPATH DIAGRAM Lines showing the sun’s movement on a certain day of the year Lines showing the hour of the day on the day’s sun path HSA= solar azimuth - window orientation VSA = tan-1( tan(solar altitudes) / cos(HSA) ) Azimuth line (the sun’s position vis-a-vis the north direction Altitude lines (shows the sun’s elevation over the horizon)
  • 18.
    SUNPATH DIAGRAMS OFCITIES IN THE HOT- DRY CLIMATE ZONE Kota, Rajasthan (25.18° N, 75.83° E)
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
    EFFECTIVE SHADING DEVICEDESIGN Orientation Effective shading South fixed horizontal device or window recessing. West and East Vertical device/louvres (possibly movable) East / West faces are difficult to shade with fixed shades as the sun is very low. . . Hence only small windows are recommended. External moveable . shades / roll able blinds are more effective than fixed shades. These . also help preserve the view from the windows. North side Generally not required except from low evening sun in peak summer . when the sun path is long and hits the North from the side. Cutting . this out can be is achieved by vertical shade FENESTRATION SHADING DEVICE DESIGN For west facade EXAMPLE: Taking a window of width 1500mm and height 1800mm Shading by single vertical shade is not feasible as the shade depth becomes prohibitive. Hence the width is subdivided and several louvers are designed. If 6 divisions are created, i.e. effective width to be shaded is 250mm
  • 23.
    For south facade CalculateHSA and VSA at different times during designated period for each facade. We need to design a shading device for the lowest possible VSA (horizontal shade) and the lowest possible HSA (vertical shade)
  • 24.
    DAYLIGHT DISTRIBUTION • Anintegrated design approach utilises indirect radiation for day lighting and avoids the heat of direct radiation. Room & Opening dimensions for appropriate day lighting Total day lighted area for window= 2H x (W + 2m) NBC also recommends that the window area should be atleast 15% of the floor area of the room.
  • 25.
    For spaces where regularwindows are not required higher clerestory windows can be a suitable day lighting option. Since in the hot, dry climate a compact building approach would reduce the sky dome available for day lighting, daylight penetration can be enhanced by use of Light shelves LIGHTSHELVES / SHADING DEVICES DISTANCE BETWEEN BUILDINGS FO DAYLIGHT INGRESS Ideally for daylight penetration, the lowest floor windows should subtend a maximum angle of 22.5 º with the top of the adjacent building / object. But for regulating heat radiation, a closer fit would help
  • 26.
    REFLECTANCE OF INTERNALFINISHES For better daylight distribution, the reflectance of the internal surfaces should be higher. Secondly, full height partitions to be minimized in favor of open office plans where more people can share the natural light &ventilation from a window. REFLECTANCE OF COMMON SURFACE FINISHES& COLOURS Typical finishes of surfaces Reflectance White wash 0.7 - 0.8 Cream color 0.6 - 0.7 Light green 0.5 - 0.6 Light blue 0.4 - 0.5 Light pink 0.6 - 0.7 Dark red 0.3 - 0.4 Medium grey 0.3 Cement terrazzo 0.25 - 0.35 Brick 0.4 - 0.5 Vegetation (mean value) 0.25
  • 27.
    PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGIES Evaporativecooling Evaporative cooling works well in the hot-dry climate as humidity is low in this zone. But water availability needs to be checked. Water bodies outside or in courtyard for cooling the air. Water bodies should be shaded to minimize evaporation losses Central wind tower system with water spray on top. Useful for cooling double loaded corridors .Very acceptable method as humidity is welcome. Water availability needs to be checked Wind catcher Water spray Usable space Earth Air Tunnel System This system is viable if the ground below has good thermal capacity, for. e.g. soil with adequate water content. The design basics generally followed are (from various existing systems): - Pipe depth 4m - Pipe diameter 0.3 to 0.7m - Distance between pipes 3m centre to centre - Pipe length depends of air volume required.
  • 28.
    Night ventilation Night ventilationworks well in this climatic zone as diurnal variations are high. In this process, buildings are ventilated at night when ambient temperatures are lower to resist heat build-up. Day-time building heat gain Night-time ventilation removes the heat gained during the day.
  • 29.
    Earth berming Earth bermingreduces outside air infiltration, keeps temperatures cool in summer and warm in winter as the earth’s temperature at a depth of a few meters remains almost stable throughout the year. Berms may cover a part of the ground floor, sometimes entire buildings, provided daylight and ventilation requirements are taken care of. Needs adequate water-proofing measures. Basements are similarly cool and preferred spaces. A building envelope with higher thermal mass will retard heat transfer from the exterior to the interior during the day. When temperatures fall at night, the walls re-radiate the thermal energy back into the night sky. Extensively used in traditional buildings in the region Thermal mass DAY NIGHT
  • 30.
    MATERIAL USAGE: GOODPRACTICES Possibility of thermal bridging Continuous cavity reduces possibility of thermal bridging 20mm stone jamb for windows. The reduced thickness minimizes thermal bridging 115mm thk. brick wall300mm thk. stone wall SECTIONAL PLAN SECTIONAL PLAN
  • 31.
    Recessing windows affords shadingand creates ancillary storage spaces on the side Storage space Storage space Continuous cavity overlapping with the beam would minimize thermal bridging Metal ties will act as thermal bridge. Plastic ties better WALL SECTION Jaalis in the roof parapet allows air movement over the hot roof surface comparatively cooling it down in day-time and increase speed of heat loss in nightime SECTIONAL PLAN
  • 32.
    ALTERNATIVE LOW ENERGYOPTIONS FERROCEMENT (EE= 111 MJ / m2) A versatile form of RCC possessing unique properties of strength and durability. Made up of rich cement mortar and wire mesh reinforcement, it has a high ratio of strength to weight. A cost effective material, it also enables faster construction and has lower embodied energy in comparison to conventional RCC due to its thin section & minimization of steel CLC (CELLULAR LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE) & AAC (AERATED AUTOCLAVED CONCRETE) BLOCKS (EE= 215 MJ / m2 for wall thickness 300mm) CLC and AAC blocks are air-cured lightweight concrete with fl y-ash as a major ingredient. The difference lies in the process of generation of air bubbles. In CLC the air bubbles are generated in the form of a foam while in AAC they are produced from a reaction that uses aluminum powder. These light-weight blocks reduce structural steel requirement and provides higher thermal insulation. As it uses fl y-ash which is a waste material it leads to substantial material saving and has lower embodied energy.
  • 33.
    PERFORATED BRICK MASONRY Theseare high strength hollow bricks with 50-60 percent perforations. These perforations act as sound and heat insulators and saves materials. 3D ECO WALL (EE= 470 MJ / m2) This wall assembly consists of a100mm EPS panel finished with 50mm shot Crete on both sides, reinforced by wire mesh. The 200mm thick. Panel saves space and provides excellent insulation. This may be used both for walling & roofing .The EPS can be reduced to 100mm for interior walling. CSEB (COMPRESSED STABILISED EARTH BLOCKS) (EE= 138.6 MJ / m2 for 230mm thick. wall )Blocks made of mud stabilized with 5% cement lime and compacted in block-making machines without firing .Compressive strength equal to red clay fired bricks
  • 34.
    FAL G (FLYASH- LIME GYPSUM) BLOCKS (EE= 202 MJ / m2 for 230 thick wall).These blocks require less mortar, plastering can be avoided, are cost effective and environment-friendly as it avoids use of fertile top soil. SANDSTONE ROOFING (EE= 196 MJ / m2) An extensively used material, this consists of 25mm thick stone slabs on pre-cast RCC beams or iron sections. PRE-CAST STONE BLOCKS Blocks manufactured using waste stone pieces of various sizes with lean cement concrete.
  • 35.
    A. Control amount ofheat reaching building: - Building orientation, shading by projections, vegetation etc. B. Minimize carriage of heat through building skin: - Insulation C. Reduce internal heat gain and improve daylight Usage of fixtures and appliances with low equipment power density and with efficient BEE rating. - Keep outdoor equipment like window ACs in shade to improve efficiency - Use efficient artificial lighting D. Cooling the building through: - Passive cooling strategies (for non- AC buildings) - Low energy HVAC technologies (for AC buildings) ORDER OF STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
  • 36.
    RENEWABLE ENERGY FORELECTRICITY GENERATION With the high solar radiation available in the hot, dry climate zone, it is highly recommended to use solar energy to meet at least some part of the building’s electricity demand. The simplest way to generate solar energy is by using stand-alone photo-voltaic (PV) systems with or without storage battery. SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAICS INSTALLATION The ideal orientation for optimal performance of a solar cell is at an angle equivalent to the latitude of the place of installation. Area required for generation of 1 kWp electricity is on an average 12 m2 for 15 % efficiency panels. Pergola over terrace This makes the roof accessible & usable as well as shades it Terrace Balcony roof or as shading devices SPV’s placed on ground or over water bodies to reduce evaporation losses Wall below window sill (south wall) Solar street lamps POSSIBILITIES OF PV PANEL PLACEMENT
  • 37.
    SOLAR WATER HEATER Useof solar energy for water heating is one of the most commercialized and easily available options. Hot water supply to building Cold water inlet Storage tank Hot water from collector to tank Collector (Flat Plate or Evacuated Tube)
  • 38.
    RAINWATER HARVESTING (RWH) Waterconservation and reuse is of utmost priority in the hot-dry climate. Catchment area on roof Jaali on roof to prevent pollutants into water Filtration tank Recharge system or pervious pavings. Storage tank for direct use if rains are frequent and the ground water table is high. Below ground filter Recharge pit. Rainwater is taken for recharge if rains are infrequent Storage in ground reduces evaporation losses Catchment area on ground RAINWATER HARVESTING POTENTIAL= Catchment area (m2) x Annual rainfall (m) x Surface run-off co-efficient A thumb rule for estimating tank size is to store 15 minutes of peak rainfall. So, if peak rainfall= 90mm / hr., then in 15 minutes rainfall= 22.5mm Hence, (22.5mm x collection area x run-off co-effi cient) would be the optimum tank size for storage.
  • 39.
    CASCADE SYSTEM RWHFOR RAINWATER REUSE Rainwater from 2nd terrace collected & used on the lower floor. Rainwater from 1st terrace collected and used for irrigation etc. RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR MULTIPLE BLOCKS Multiple buildings within a cluster can have a common rainwater harvesting system
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
    •Sangath is anattempt to reinterpret the rich architectural traditions in contemporary architecture of India. • Gradual unfolding of spaces through shifting axis, inbuilt thresholds and sense of layering are key attributes of space organization. •The non axial route of movement makes it exploratory with built in surprises where every change to alignment makes one pause, ponder and reorient oneself. •This makes it interactive with involvement to onlooker and an instantaneous rapport is established between him and the subject.
  • 43.
    •At Sangath, thearchitect’s design studio, these responses are at their best. •The architectural studio comprising reception areas, a design studio, office spaces, workshop, library, conference room, and other ancillary spaces has been designed to naturally manage the forces of nature. •There are spatial, constructional, and landscape responses to combat the vagaries of nature in the hot dry climate. •In Ahmedabad, the summer temperature reaches 45 °C and the heat is very intense. •It is the heat rather than the breeze that becomes critical. •Natural comfort conditions can be achieved by protecting spaces from the heat and glare of the sun.
  • 44.
    •Design concerns ofclimate ( temperature or humidity or sunlight. •Extensive use of vaults. •Main studio partly bellow the ground (sunken). •Very less use of mechanical instrument.
  • 45.
    •Special materials areused resulting in a low cost building costing it. •Lot of vegetation & water bodies. •Continuity of Spaces. •Use of lot of diffused sunlight. •Complete passive design. •Grassy steps which Doshi uses as informal Amphitheatre.
  • 46.
    Sandwiched construction ofvault •With the help of movable formwork, the vaults of “Sangath” were constructed with hollow clay tiles sandwiched into walls. •Inexpensively purchased, the outer skin is covered with broken glazed tile pieces from a manufacturer’s waste material. •This procedure has a precedent in the great Catalan architect Antoni Gaudi’s benches of his Park Guell in Barcelona. • Doshi’s use of this traditional technique reduces the heat inside the building.
  • 47.
    •So, not onlyis the re-use of waste material an important element of Third World methodology, it is also one of the most efficient ways to reduce the large percentage of sun- rays.
  • 48.
    Vaulted roof form •Theroof form creates an efficient surface/volume ratio optimizing material quantities. •The higher space volume thus created provides for hot air pockets due to convective currents that keep lower volumes relatively cool. •The ventilating window at upper volume releases the accumulated hot air through pressure differences.
  • 49.
    Section of avaulted roof
  • 50.
    Envelope design Subterranean spaces •Thebuilding is largely buried under the ground to use earth masses for natural insulation.
  • 51.
    Storage walls •External wallsof the building are nearly a metre deep but have been hollowed out as alcoves to provide storage that becomes an insulative wall with efficiency of space (for storage functions
  • 52.
    Passive solar design Indirect/diffusedlight •Sun light brings heat and haze with it. •To maximize daylight (intensity of illumination) and to diffuse heat and glare, the light is received in indirect manner by diffusing it. •There are three ways by which natural light is drawn within.
  • 53.
    •By upper-level largeopenings towards north direction, which is cool, and consistent light is reflected off the clouds. •Skylights, which are projected masses from the roof, reflect the light on the white inner wall surface, which further radiates light into the room. •Innermost spaces are lit up through small cut outs in the roof slab, which are then filled with hollow glass blocks that take away the glare and transmit diffused light .
  • 55.
    Microclimate through vegetation Lawnsand vegetative cover all around create a favourable microclimate by absorbing solar radiation and providing a cooler passage of air through humidity.
  • 57.
    Water channels •Rainwater andoverflow of pumped water from the roof tank are harnessed through roof channels that run through a series of cascading tanks and water channels to finally culminate in a pond from where it is recycled back or used for irrigating vegetation. •Water cascades also provide interesting visual experiences.
  • 59.
    Materials and methodsof construction Exposed natural finishes The concrete of slabs and wall surfaces are kept bare Unplastered as final visual finishes, which provide a natural look and save on finishing material quantity.
  • 60.
    Use of secondarywaste material •Paving material is a stone chip waste while the roof surface is glazed tiles waste, both available as waste material from factories at no cost. •These have been creatively hand-crafted and integrated into the design by fully using waste material. •The application is also skill-oriented and involves as well as promotes craftsmen and our traditional heritage.
  • 62.
    Performance •The above measureshave ensured excellent climate control in terms of keeping the inside cool and increasing the time-lag for heat transfer. •There is a difference of about 8 degree C between the interior and exterior roof skin temperatures. The time-lag for heat transfer is nearly six hours. •The natural elements are harmoniously blended with the built environment, and water recycling and waste material reuse have ensured cost economy as well as environmental consciousness.