Passive cooling techniques utilize natural heat sinks and airflow to cool buildings without mechanical devices. They include natural ventilation using wind and stack effects to circulate air, shading to block solar heat gain, wind towers to induce airflow, courtyards that circulate rising hot air, earth air tunnels that use constant underground temperatures, evaporative cooling through water evaporation, and passive downdraft systems that cool air flowing over water. Properly incorporating passive cooling strategies can significantly reduce cooling loads in buildings and improve occupant comfort.
introduction to shading devices, types of shading devices deatiled explanation, uses of shading devices, solar radiation, configuration, design process of shading devices, shadow angle, building examples.
introduction to shading devices, types of shading devices deatiled explanation, uses of shading devices, solar radiation, configuration, design process of shading devices, shadow angle, building examples.
Auditorium Literature Study & Design ConsiderationsVartika Sharma
The presentation includes basic fundamentals to keep in mind while designing an Auditorium.
Source:
• National Building Code (NBC),
• Time Saver Standards-Building Types (TSS),
• Neufert
• IS Code - is.2526.1963
Presentation on uses, types, importance and examples of sun shading devices. Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Building Science I class . Course Lecturer: Ar. Pranita Sharma Pandey
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Auditorium Literature Study & Design ConsiderationsVartika Sharma
The presentation includes basic fundamentals to keep in mind while designing an Auditorium.
Source:
• National Building Code (NBC),
• Time Saver Standards-Building Types (TSS),
• Neufert
• IS Code - is.2526.1963
Presentation on uses, types, importance and examples of sun shading devices. Presented by Students of Bachelors of Architecture at Kathmandu Engineering College in Building Science I class . Course Lecturer: Ar. Pranita Sharma Pandey
Green Building Case Study on TERI,bangalore.Vinay M
This presentation basically encompasses the green practices which are followed or incorporated in the structure to attain the platinum rating systems and posses the sustainable features that way..!!
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
This is a presentation I did recently to Secondary School Children as part of the Singapore Science festival. Realized that its both easy and also difficult to explain the technology and benefits of solar energy to school children.
HVAC SYSTEMs.pptx_Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in ...Rajeshwari867960
VENTILATION
NATURAL VENTILATION
FACTORS AFFECTING NATURAL VENTILATION
Natural Ventilation Design Strategies
Types of natural ventilation
Stack Effect
COURTYARD EFFECT
PASSIVE COOLING TECHNIQUES
Roof Pond
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS
NATURAL INLET & MECH. EXTRACT
MECHANICAL INLET & NATURAL EXTRACT
Plenum System
TYPES OF PLENUM SYSTEM
NEED OF AIR CONDITIONING.
SYSTEMS OF AIR CONDITIONING
It is a literature case study, which consist of two parts. 1st half covers the introduction of hot and dry climate and design factors that we consider while designing in hot and dry areas. And 2nd part consist of litrature case study of building "SANGATH - An Architect’s Studio, Ahmedabad By B.V. Doshi".
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys !! check the features and factors behind the development of noida. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys!! check out the details about the tele communication and community services in urban infrastructure. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
hi guys!! here you can check out importance and history of water conservation in india in this ppt . you can also check traditional water conservation methods which were practised in different parts of india . this ppt also presenting famous water conservationists and their works along with guidelines.
hello guys!! here i am presenting my review on piper gaubatz's paper "china urban transformation : patterns and processes of morphological change in beijing, shanghai and guangzhou "
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. PASSIVE COOLING
• Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of cooling a home which
maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope without any use of
mechanical devices.
•It rely on natural heat-sinks to remove heat from the building. They derive
cooling directly from evaporation, convection, and radiation without using any
intermediate electrical devices.
•All passive cooling strategies rely on daily changes in temperature and
relative humidity.
•The applicability of each system depends on the climatic conditions.
•These design strategies reduce heat gains to internal spaces.
- Natural Ventilation
- Shading
- Wind Towers
- Courtyard Effect
- Earth Air Tunnels
- Evaporative Cooling
- Passive Down Draught Cooling
- Roof Sprays
3. • Outdoor breezes create air movement through the house interior by the 'push-pull'
effect of positive air pressure on the windward side and negative pressure (suction)
on the leeward side.
•In order to have a good natural ventilation, openings must be placed at opposite
pressure zones.
•Also, designers often choose to enhance natural ventilation using tall spaces called
stacks in buildings.
•With openings near the top of stacks,
warm air can escape whereas cooler
air enters the building from openings
near the ground.
•The windows, play a dominant role in
inducing indoor ventilation due to wind
forces.
NATURAL VENTILATION
4. •In most homes, exhausting the warm air
quickly can be a problem.
•With the design of high ceilings throughout
the breeze zone combined with clerestory
windows at the 14′ ceiling height on three
walls, the rising hot air is allowed to escape
which in turn does two things.
•Firstly the rising air creates a low pressure
zone on the cool mass floor, pulling air along
the floor from other areas of the house as well
as any open doors.
•Secondly the rising and escaping air creates
an interior low pressure that should pull in
large volumes or exterior air from the patio
doors.
•Depending on the primary wind direction and
which doors are opened relative to time of
day and shade, we can create a breeze of
cooler incoming air.
5. •The most effective method of cooling a building is
to shade windows, walls and roof of building from
direct solar radiation.
•Heavily insulated walls and roofs need less
shading.
•Can use overhangs on outside facade of the
building.
SHADING
•Solar control is a critical requirement for both
cooling-load dominated and passively solar-heated
buildings.
Each project should be evaluated depending on its relative
cooling needs:
•Extend the overhang beyond the sides of the window to
prevent solar gain from the side.
•Use slatted or louvered shades to allow more daylight to
enter, while shading windows from direct sunlight.
•Reduce solar heat gain by recessing windows into the wall.
6. •In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower
through the openings in the tower, gets cooled, and
thus becomes heavier and sinks down.
•The inlet and outlet of rooms induce cool air
movement.
•In the presence of wind, air is cooled more
effectively and flows faster down the tower and into
the living area.
•After a whole day of air exchanges, the tower
becomes warm in the evenings.
•During the night, cooler ambient air comes in
contact with the bottom of the tower through the
rooms.
WIND TOWER
Wind tower in Jodhpur Hostel to
catch favorable cool wind from south-
west for passive cooling
Building-integrated chimney in Sudha
and Atam Kumar’s residence in New
Delhi from effective ventillation especially
during humid season.
7. •The tower walls absorb heat during daytime
and release it at night, warming the cool night
air in the tower.
• Warm air moves up, creating an upward draft,
and draws cool night air through the doors and
windows into the building.
•The system works effectively in hot and dry
climates where fluctuations are high.
•A wind tower works well for individual units not
for multi-storeyed apartments.
•In dense urban areas, the wind tower has to be
long enough to be able to catch enough air.
• Also protection from driving rain is difficult.
8. COURTYARD EFFECT
•If this heat exchange reduces roof surface temperature to wet bulb temperature of
air, condensation of atmospheric moisture occurs on the roof and the gain due to
condensation limits further cooling.
• Due to incident solar radiation in a courtyard, the air gets warmer and rises.
• Cool air from the ground level flows through the louvered openings of rooms
surrounding a courtyard, thus producing air flow.
• At night, the warm roof surfaces get cooled by convection and radiation.
Courtyard as a moderator of internal climate
9. • If the roof surfaces are sloped towards the internal courtyard, the cooled air
sinks into the court and enters the living space through low-level openings, gets
warmed up, and leaves the room through higher-level openings.
• However, care should be taken that the courtyard does not receive intense solar
radiation, which would lead to conduction and radiation heat gains into the
building.
10. •Daily and annual temperature fluctuations
decrease with the increase in depth below the
ground surface.
•At a depth of about 4 m below ground, the
temperature inside the earth remains nearly
constant round the year and is nearly equal to
the annual average temperature of the place.
•A tunnel in the form of a pipe or otherwise
embedded at a depth of about 4 m below the
ground will acquire the same temperature as
the surrounding earth at its surface.
•Therefore, the ambient air ventilated through
this tunnel will get cooled in summer and
warmed in winter and this air can be used for
cooling in summer and heating in winter.
EARTH AIR TUNNELS
11. •This technique has been used in the
composite climate of Gurgaon in RETREAT
building.
•The living quarters (the south block of
RETREAT) are maintained at comfortable
temperatures (approx. 20-30 degree Celsius)
round the year by the earth air tunnel
system, supplemented, when-ever required,
with a system of absorption chillers powered
by liquefied natural gas during monsoons
and with an air washer during dry summer.
•However, the cooler air underground needs
to be circulated in the living space. Each
room in the south block has a 'solar
chimney; warm air rises and escapes
through the chimney, which creates an air
current for the cooler air from the
underground tunnels to replace the warm
air.
•Two blowers installed in the tunnels speed
up the process.
•The same mechanism supplies warm air
from the tunnel during winter.
PASSIVE SPACE CONDITIONING
USING EARTH AIR TUNNEL SYSTEM
12. EVAPORATIVE COOLING
•Evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by evaporating water.
•It is effective in hot and dry climate where the atmospheric humidity is low.
•In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used to evaporate water, thereby
cooling the air, which, in turn, cools the living space of the building.
•Increase in contact between water and air increases the rate of evaporation.
•The presence of a water body such as a pond, lake, and sea near the building or a
fountain in a courtyard can provide a cooling effect.
A TYPICAL SECTION SHOWING PASSIVE SOLAR FEATURES OF WALMI BUILDING,BHOPAL
•The most commonly used system
is a desert cooler, which comprises
water, evaporative pads, a fan, and
pump.
1. Ground cover
2. Water sprinkler
3. Insulated roof
4. Shading trees
5. Water trough
13. PASSIVE DOWN DRAUGHT COOLING
•Evaporative cooling has been used for many
centuries in parts of the middle east, notably
Iran and turkey.
•In this system, wind catchers guide outside air
over water-filled pots, inducing evaporation and
causing a significant drop in temperature before
the air enters the interior.
•Such wind catchers become primary elements
of the architectural form also.
•Passive downdraught evaporative cooling is
particularly effective in hot and dry climates. It
has been used to effectively cool the Torrent
Research Centre in Ahmedabad.